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Ted Talk > One of history's most dangerous myths > Flashcards

One of history's most dangerous myths Flashcards

1
Q

colonist

/ˈkɒl.ə.nist/

noun

A

thực dân

European colonists

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2
Q

descend

/dɪˈsend/

verb

A

to go or come down

European colonist descended on South Africa

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3
Q

Dutch

/dʌtʃ/

adjective

A

(thuộc) Hà Lan

Dutch forces

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4
Q

seek

/siːk/

verb

A

to try to find or get something, especially something that is not a physical object

Dutch and later British forces sought to claim the region for themselves

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5
Q

struggle

/ˈstrʌɡ.əl/

noun

A

to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something

Their struggle became even more aggressive after discovering the area

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6
Q

abundant

/əˈbʌn.dənt/

adjective

A

more than enough

Abundant natural resources

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7
Q

ruthless

/ˈruːθ.ləs/

adjective

A

not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others

Some people believe that to succeed in this world you have to be ruthless

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8
Q

scramble

/ˈskræm.bəl/

noun

A

a hurried attempt to get something

Ruthless scramble

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9
Q

power

/paʊər/

noun

A

cường quốc

Colonial powers

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10
Q

numerous

/ˈnjuː.mə.rəs/

adjective

A

many

We have discussed these plans on numerous occasions

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11
Q

indigenous

/ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/

adjective

A

used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from somewhere else

Both colonial powers violently removed numerous indigenous communities

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12
Q

ancestral

/ænˈses.trəl/

adjective

A

relating to members of your family from the past

Ancestral lands

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13
Q

conflict

/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/

noun

A

an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles

There was a lot of conflict between him and his father

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14
Q

colonizer

/ˈkɒlənaɪzə(r)/

noun

A

a person who helps take control of an area or a country that is not their own, especially using force, and sends people from their own country to live there

The arrival of European colonizers

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15
Q

settle

/ˈset.əl/

verb

A

to arrive, especially from another country, in a new place and start to live there and use the land

They haven’t yet settled when the wedding is going to be

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16
Q

corroborate

/kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt/

verb

A

to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information

These reports were corroboratedin letters and travelogues

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17
Q

travelogue

/ˈtræv.əl.ɒɡ/

noun

A

tạp chí du lịch

Peter Jackson’s latest book “Africa” is part travelogue

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18
Q

prominent

/ˈprɒm.ɪ.nənt/

adjective

A

very well known and important

A prominent member of the Saudi royal family

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19
Q

narrative

/ˈnær.ə.tɪv/

noun

A

a story or a description of a series of events

Prominent British historians supported this narrative

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19
Q

codify

/ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

verb

A

to arrange something, such as laws or rules, into a system

Publications codifying the so-called Empty Land Theory had three central arguments

20
Q

so-called

/ˌsəʊˈkɔːld/

adjective

A

used to show that you think a word that is used to describe someone or something is not suitable or not correct

It was one of his so-called friends who supplied him with the drugs that killed him

21
Q

infrastructure

/ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/

noun

A

cơ sở hạ tầng

Most of the land being settled by Europeans had no agricultural infrastructure

22
Q

displace

/dɪˈspleɪs/

verb

A

to force something out of its usual or original position

The Europeans were within their rights to
displace these African settlers

22
Q

nomadic

/nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/

adjective

A

moving from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time

Nomadic group

23
Q

graze

/ɡreɪz/

verb

A

chăn thả (động vật)

To graze cattle

23
Q

oversimplification

/ˌəʊ.vəˌsɪm.plɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

noun

A

sự đơn giản hóa quá mức

An ignorant oversimplification

24
Q

parliament

/ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/

noun

A

quốc hội

25
Q

exploitation

/ˌek.splɔɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

noun

A

the use of something in order to get an advantage from it

The European parliament in Cape Town took this exploitation even further by passing the Glen Grey Act

26
Q

decree

/dɪˈkriː/

noun

A

an official statement that something must happen

More than 200 people were freed by military decree

27
Q

shatter

/ˈʃæt.ər/

verb

A

to (cause something to) break suddenly into very small pieces

His leg was shattered in the accident

28
Q

collective

/kəˈlek.tɪv/

adjective

A

of or shared by every member of a group of people

To shatter the system of collective tribal ownership and creating a class of
landless people

29
Q

tribe

/traɪb/

noun

A

bộ lạc

To shatter the system of collective tribal ownership and creating a class of
landless people

30
Q

justify

/ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/

verb

A

to give or to be a good reason for

To justify the theft, Europeans painted the locals as barbarians

31
Q

barbarian

/bɑːˈbeə.ri.ən/

noun

A

kẻ man rợ

To justify the theft, Europeans painted the locals as barbarians

32
Q

strip

/strɪp/

verb

A

to remove, pull, or tear the covering or outer layer from something

This strategy of stripping locals of their right to ancestral lands

33
Q

savage

/ˈsæv.ɪdʒ/

adjective

A

extremely violent, wild, or frightening

To cast native people as savages has been employed by many colonizers

34
Q

trace

/treɪs/

verb

A

to find someone or something that was lost

In South Africa, the influence of this narrative can be traced directly to a brutal campaign of institutionalized racism

35
Q

self-sufficient

/ˌself.səˈfɪʃ.ənt/

adjective

A

able to provide everything you need, especially food, for yourself without the help of other people

Barred from their lands, the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners on European-owned property

36
Q

migrant laborer

A

người lao động nhập cư

Barred from their lands, the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners on European-owned property

37
Q

miner

/ˈmaɪ.nər/

noun

A

thợ mỏ

Barred from their lands, the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners on European-owned property

38
Q

segregated

/ˈseɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪ.tɪd/

adjective

A

kept separate or treated differently according to race, sex, religion, etc.

The law forbade them from working certain skilled jobs, and forced Africans to live in racially segregated areas

39
Q

intensify

/ɪnˈten.sɪ.faɪ/

verb

A

to become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do this

Over time, these racist policies intensified, mandating separation in urban areas, restricting voting rights

40
Q

mandate

/ˈmæn.deɪt/

verb

A

to give official permission for something to happen

Over time, these racist policies intensified, mandating separation in urban areas, restricting voting rights

41
Q

overhaul

/əʊ.vəˈhɔːl/

verb

A

to completely change a system so that it works more effectively

Under this system, African people had no voting rights, and the education of native Africans was overhauled to emphasize their legal and social subservience to white settlers

42
Q

subservience

/səbˈsɜː.vi.əns/

noun

A

a willingness to do what other people want

Under this system, African people had no voting rights, and the education of native Africans was overhauled to emphasize their legal and social subservience to white settlers

43
Q

persist

/pəˈsɪst/

verb

A

If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist

This state of legally enforced racism persisted through the early 1990s

44
Q

resistance

/rɪˈzɪs.təns/

noun

A

the act of fighting against something that is attacking you

South African resistance movements fought throughout the 20th century to gain political and economic freedom

45
Q

archeology

/ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

noun

A

khảo cổ học

South African scholars have been using archaeological evidence to correct the historical record

Ted Talk (8 decks)

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