One of history's most dangerous myths Flashcards

1
Q

colonist

/ˈkɒl.ə.nist/

noun

A

thực dân

European colonists

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2
Q

descend

/dɪˈsend/

verb

A

to go or come down

European colonist descended on South Africa

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3
Q

Dutch

/dʌtʃ/

adjective

A

(thuộc) Hà Lan

Dutch forces

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4
Q

seek

/siːk/

verb

A

to try to find or get something, especially something that is not a physical object

Dutch and later British forces sought to claim the region for themselves

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5
Q

struggle

/ˈstrʌɡ.əl/

noun

A

to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something

Their struggle became even more aggressive after discovering the area

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6
Q

abundant

/əˈbʌn.dənt/

adjective

A

more than enough

Abundant natural resources

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7
Q

ruthless

/ˈruːθ.ləs/

adjective

A

not thinking or worrying about any pain caused to others

Some people believe that to succeed in this world you have to be ruthless

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8
Q

scramble

/ˈskræm.bəl/

noun

A

a hurried attempt to get something

Ruthless scramble

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9
Q

power

/paʊər/

noun

A

cường quốc

Colonial powers

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10
Q

numerous

/ˈnjuː.mə.rəs/

adjective

A

many

We have discussed these plans on numerous occasions

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11
Q

indigenous

/ɪnˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.nəs/

adjective

A

used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from somewhere else

Both colonial powers violently removed numerous indigenous communities

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12
Q

ancestral

/ænˈses.trəl/

adjective

A

relating to members of your family from the past

Ancestral lands

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13
Q

conflict

/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/

noun

A

an active disagreement between people with opposing opinions or principles

There was a lot of conflict between him and his father

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14
Q

colonizer

/ˈkɒlənaɪzə(r)/

noun

A

a person who helps take control of an area or a country that is not their own, especially using force, and sends people from their own country to live there

The arrival of European colonizers

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15
Q

settle

/ˈset.əl/

verb

A

to arrive, especially from another country, in a new place and start to live there and use the land

They haven’t yet settled when the wedding is going to be

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16
Q

corroborate

/kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt/

verb

A

to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information

These reports were corroboratedin letters and travelogues

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17
Q

travelogue

/ˈtræv.əl.ɒɡ/

noun

A

tạp chí du lịch

Peter Jackson’s latest book “Africa” is part travelogue

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18
Q

prominent

/ˈprɒm.ɪ.nənt/

adjective

A

very well known and important

A prominent member of the Saudi royal family

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19
Q

narrative

/ˈnær.ə.tɪv/

noun

A

a story or a description of a series of events

Prominent British historians supported this narrative

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19
Q

codify

/ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

verb

A

to arrange something, such as laws or rules, into a system

Publications codifying the so-called Empty Land Theory had three central arguments

20
Q

so-called

/ˌsəʊˈkɔːld/

adjective

A

used to show that you think a word that is used to describe someone or something is not suitable or not correct

It was one of his so-called friends who supplied him with the drugs that killed him

21
Q

infrastructure

/ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/

noun

A

cơ sở hạ tầng

Most of the land being settled by Europeans had no agricultural infrastructure

22
Q

displace

/dɪˈspleɪs/

verb

A

to force something out of its usual or original position

The Europeans were within their rights to
displace these African settlers

22
Q

nomadic

/nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/

adjective

A

moving from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time

Nomadic group

23
graze | /ɡreɪz/ ## Footnote verb
chăn thả (động vật) ## Footnote To graze cattle
23
oversimplification | /ˌəʊ.vəˌsɪm.plɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote noun
sự đơn giản hóa quá mức ## Footnote An ignorant oversimplification
24
parliament | /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ ## Footnote noun
quốc hội
25
exploitation | /ˌek.splɔɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ ## Footnote noun
the use of something in order to get an advantage from it ## Footnote The European parliament in Cape Town took this exploitation even further by passing the Glen Grey Act
26
decree | /dɪˈkriː/ ## Footnote noun
an official statement that something must happen ## Footnote More than 200 people were freed by military decree
27
shatter | /ˈʃæt.ər/ ## Footnote verb
to (cause something to) break suddenly into very small pieces ## Footnote His leg was shattered in the accident
28
collective | /kəˈlek.tɪv/ ## Footnote adjective
of or shared by every member of a group of people ## Footnote To shatter the system of collective tribal ownership and creating a class of landless people
29
tribe | /traɪb/ ## Footnote noun
bộ lạc ## Footnote To shatter the system of collective tribal ownership and creating a class of landless people
30
justify | /ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/ ## Footnote verb
to give or to be a good reason for ## Footnote To justify the theft, Europeans painted the locals as barbarians
31
barbarian | /bɑːˈbeə.ri.ən/ ## Footnote noun
kẻ man rợ ## Footnote To justify the theft, Europeans painted the locals as barbarians
32
strip | /strɪp/ ## Footnote verb
to remove, pull, or tear the covering or outer layer from something ## Footnote This strategy of stripping locals of their right to ancestral lands
33
savage | /ˈsæv.ɪdʒ/ ## Footnote adjective
extremely violent, wild, or frightening ## Footnote To cast native people as savages has been employed by many colonizers
34
trace | /treɪs/ ## Footnote verb
to find someone or something that was lost ## Footnote In South Africa, the influence of this narrative can be traced directly to a brutal campaign of institutionalized racism
35
self-sufficient | /ˌself.səˈfɪʃ.ənt/ ## Footnote adjective
able to provide everything you need, especially food, for yourself without the help of other people ## Footnote Barred from their lands, the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners on European-owned property
36
migrant laborer
người lao động nhập cư ## Footnote Barred from their lands, the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners on European-owned property
37
miner | /ˈmaɪ.nər/ ## Footnote noun
thợ mỏ ## Footnote Barred from their lands, the once self-sufficient population struggled as migrant laborers and miners on European-owned property
38
segregated | /ˈseɡ.rɪ.ɡeɪ.tɪd/ ## Footnote adjective
kept separate or treated differently according to race, sex, religion, etc. ## Footnote The law forbade them from working certain skilled jobs, and forced Africans to live in racially segregated areas
39
intensify | /ɪnˈten.sɪ.faɪ/ ## Footnote verb
to become greater, more serious, or more extreme, or to make something do this ## Footnote Over time, these racist policies intensified, mandating separation in urban areas, restricting voting rights
40
mandate | /ˈmæn.deɪt/ ## Footnote verb
to give official permission for something to happen ## Footnote Over time, these racist policies intensified, mandating separation in urban areas, restricting voting rights
41
overhaul | /əʊ.vəˈhɔːl/ ## Footnote verb
to completely change a system so that it works more effectively ## Footnote Under this system, African people had no voting rights, and the education of native Africans was overhauled to emphasize their legal and social subservience to white settlers
42
subservience | /səbˈsɜː.vi.əns/ ## Footnote noun
a willingness to do what other people want ## Footnote Under this system, African people had no voting rights, and the education of native Africans was overhauled to emphasize their legal and social subservience to white settlers
43
persist | /pəˈsɪst/ ## Footnote verb
If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it continues to exist ## Footnote This state of legally enforced racism persisted through the early 1990s
44
resistance | /rɪˈzɪs.təns/ ## Footnote noun
the act of fighting against something that is attacking you ## Footnote South African resistance movements fought throughout the 20th century to gain political and economic freedom
45
archeology | /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ ## Footnote noun
khảo cổ học ## Footnote South African scholars have been using archaeological evidence to correct the historical record