White/Red

Question 1

Which three varieties are highlighted under “Off Dry: Sweetness”?

Answer 1

Chenin Blanc (Vouvray), Riesling (Germany), Gewürztraminer.

Question 2

What are the key differentials for off-dry Gewurztraminer?

Answer 2

Pale yellow to gold color, medium acid, medium+ to high alcohol, high terpenes, possible botrytis.

Question 3

Describe Vouvray Chenin Blanc often off dry?

Answer 3

It has a gold secondary color, medium- to medium alcohol, can have less residual sugar than Riesling, possible botrytis.

Question 4

Which off-dry wine has low to medium- alcohol and possible petrol notes?

Answer 4

Riesling (Germany) with medium terpenes, possible botrytis.

Question 5

Overall structure quality that includes Chardonnay, Pinot Grigio, Sauvignon Blanc, Albarino, Torrontes, Gewurztraminer?

Answer 5

These are the main dry styles: no residual sugar

Question 6

What differentiates Chardonnay in Chablis vs. Côte de Beaune/California?

Answer 6

Chablis: neutral to partial new oak, higher acid, possible oxidation. Côte de Beaune/California: moderate-high new oak, partial/full malolactic, riper fruit.

Question 7

Which dry white is medium to medium+ alcohol, medium+ acid, no oak, phenolic bitterness, and low terpenes?

Answer 7

Pinot Grigio (Italian style).

Question 8

Which no-oak, high-terpene, soapy-quality wine is from Argentina?

Answer 8

Torrontes: medium+ acid, medium+ alcohol, extremely floral with soapy note.

Question 9

Characteristics Gewurztraminer:

Answer 9

Medium acid, medium+ to high alcohol, high terpenes, can have botrytis – yet often no oak use.

Question 10

Which four high-acid whites are key?

Answer 10

Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay (Chablis), Sauvignon Blanc (Sancerre/NZ).

Question 11

List the key differentiators for German Riesling vs. Loire Chenin.

Answer 11

Riesling: off-dry, low alcohol, medium terpenes, possible petrol. Chenin: off-dry, medium alcohol, possible botrytis, less residual sugar than Riesling.

Question 12

Which dryness level do Chablis and Sancerre typically show?

Answer 12

Dry with medium+ to high acid, no oak for Sancerre, partial oak for Chablis.

Question 13

Which region’s Sauvignon Blanc has intense pyrazines and ripe thiols?

Answer 13

New Zealand, leading to jalapeño, passionfruit, gooseberry notes.

Question 14

For medium+ acid whites, which five grapes are classic?

Answer 14

Chardonnay (Chablis/Côte de Beaune), Sauvignon Blanc (Sancerre/NZ), Albarino, Pinot Grigio, Torrontes.

Question 15

Name two medium-acid white varieties:

Answer 15

Gewurz: high terpenes, can be off-dry. Cali Chard: partial-full malolactic, new oak, riper fruit.

Question 16

Which two off-dry grapes are low/medium- in alcohol?

Answer 16

Riesling and Chenin Blanc.

Question 17

What is the typical range for standard “medium to medium+ alcohol” whites?

Answer 17

Chablis, Cote de Beaune, CA Chard; Sancerre/NZ SB; Albarino, PG, Torrontes.

Question 18

Which white can hit “high alcohol”?

Answer 18

California Chardonnay or Gewurztraminer.

Question 19

Which new oak whites should we look for?

Answer 19

Chardonnay (Côte de Beaune, California).

Question 20

What differentiates Cote de Beaune vs. California new-oak Chardonnay?

Answer 20

Cote de Beaune: Medium+ acid, moderate malolactic, more minerality. California: riper fruit, higher alcohol, more overt malolactic.

Question 21

Which high-pyrazine whites are classic?

Answer 21

Sauvignon Blanc from Sancerre vs. New Zealand.

Question 22

Name two high-terpene white grapes.

Answer 22

Gewurztraminer, Torrontes.

Question 23

List four medium-terpene grapes.

Answer 23

Riesling, Chenin Blanc, Albarino, Sauvignon Blanc.

Question 24

Which grapes often see lees contact?

Answer 24

Chardonnay (Chablis, Cote de Beaune, CA), Albarino, Pinot Grigio.

Question 25

Name three high-acid red varieties.

Answer 25

Nebbiolo, Sangiovese, Pinot Noir.

Question 26

What is Nebbiolo's color, tannin, and acid profile?

Answer 26

Ruby to garnet, low color density, high tannin, high acid, possible volatile acidity, medium+ alcohol.

Question 27

Which two grapes also show high tannin and high acid?

Answer 27

Nebbiolo and Sangiovese can have high tannins; Cabernet Sauvignon as well.

Question 28

Name some medium+ acid red grapes.

Answer 28

Pinot Noir, Gamay, Sangiovese, Syrah/Shiraz, Cabernet, Merlot, Cab Franc, Malbec, Tempranillo, Zinfandel.

Question 29

Medium acid red grapes?

Answer 29

Grenache, Tempranillo, Australian Shiraz, Zinfandel can show around medium acid.

Question 30

List grapes that can have high alcohol.

Answer 30

Nebbiolo, Grenache, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Australian Shiraz, Zinfandel.

Question 31

Name reds with medium to medium+ acid that can also be "high alcohol"?

Answer 31

All testable red wines can push medium+ alcohol in ripe vintages: Pinot, Gamay, Sangiovese, etc.

Question 32

Which grapes display medium tannin?

Answer 32

Pinot Noir, Gamay, Cabernet Franc (depending on style).

Question 33

Name an example of extremely high tannin grapes.

Answer 33

Nebbiolo, Sangiovese (Brunello), Cabernet Sauvignon.

Question 34

Which red wines often see new oak?

Answer 34

Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Sangiovese, Aussie Shiraz, Zinfandel.

Question 35

Which red wines have rotundone?

Answer 35

Syrah/Shiraz, Grenache, Zinfandel (some peppery notes).

Question 36

Which red grapes show pyrazines?

Answer 36

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Malbec.

Question 37

Which can show brettanomyces?

Answer 37

Bordeaux Cab/Merlot, northern Rhône Syrah, Grenache, Tempranillo.

Question 38

Which grapes have potential for volatile acidity?

Answer 38

Sangiovese, Nebbiolo, Tempranillo.

Question 39

White Alcohol Levels Breakdown:

Answer 39

Low: 8.0% – 10.5% ABV Medium Minus (Med -): 10.5% – 11.9% ABV Medium: 12.0% – 12.9% ABV Medium Plus (Med +): 13.0% – 13.9% ABV High: 14.0%+ ABV

Question 40

Red Alcohol Levels Breakdown:

Answer 40

Medium Minus (Med -): 11.0% – 12.9% ABV Medium: 13.0% – 13.9% ABV Medium Plus (Med +): 14.0% – 14.9% ABV High: 15.0%+ ABV