White Cells Flashcards
2 classes of WBCs
Granulocytes
AGranulocytes
Granulocyte WBCs
Neutrophils,
eosinophils,
basophils
Agranulocytes WBCs
Monocytes
lymphocytes
Normal total wbc count
2.50 - 8.50 x10^9
What is granulopoeisis
Production of Granulocytes
Primary granules in granulopoeisis
Myeloperoxidase
Acid phosphatase
Esterase
Secondary granules
Lysozyme
Elastase
Lactoferrin
Secondary granules are Peroxidase positive or negative
Periodixase negative
2 pools in blood stream
Circulating pool
Marinating pool
Is the circulating pool included in the FBC
Yes
Is the marginating pool included in the full blood counts
No
What is circulating pool
Free-flowing cells in the blood
What is marginating pool
Neutrophils adherence to endothelium in low flow exchange vessels
S The time spent by bone marrow Granulocytes in circulation before moving into tissues
6 to 10 hours
The amount of time spent by bone marrow granulocytes in tissues before being destroyed due to old age or defensive action
4 to 5 days
Percentage of neutrophils parts of white blood cells
25 to 75%
Z Normal amount of neutrophils
2.0 - 7.0 x10^9
morphology of nucleus of neutrophils
2 to 5 lobes nucleus
Reddish to violet granules in the cytoplasm
Where are neutrophils stored
Marrow
Circulation of neutrophils
6- 12h
Time of neutrophils in tissues
’ 2-4 days
Functions of neutrophils
Acute inflammation
Defense against pyigenic bacterial infections , certain fungi
Steps of phagocyte function of neutrophils
Chemotaxis
Phagocytosis
2 mechanisms of neuhophils phagocytic function
Respiratory burst which is oxidative burst
Anti-microbial proteins non-oxidative killing
What is the Respiratory burst killing
Reactive oxidative products activates elastase collagenase leading to surrounding tissue injury
What is the anti-microbial proteins non oxidative killing
Proteins like defensins, lactoferrin, in granules
Steps of neutrophils phagocytosis
Chemotaxis Microbe adherence to phagocyte Ingestion of microbe by phagocyte Formation of a phagosome Phagosome + lysosome fusion -> phagolysosome Microbe digested by enzyme Residual body with indesgitible material Discharge of waste material
What is left shift
Increase in number of immature neutrophil cell types among the blood cells
Physiological changes causing variation of neutrophil counts
After exercise
Pregnancy, lactation
Mental /emotional stress
Pathological causes of Neutrophil
Acute pyogenic bacterial infection
Burns
After hemorrhage
Myocardial infarction
eosinophils percentages of WBCs
1.0-6.0 %
Eosinophils amount
0.02-0.4 x10^9
Size of eosinophils
10-15 micrometer
Morphology of eosinophils nucleus
Bilobed nucleus
Large orange red granules
Growth factors eosinophils
IL 5
Il3
GM CSF
Circulation eosinophils time
6-18h
Time in tissue eosinophils
8-12 days
Granule components in eosinophils
Cytotoxic proteins
Pro inflammatory proteins
Functions of eosinophils
Parasites défence
Allergic responses
Tissue repair
Basophils percentage f wbcsc
0-1%
Normal basophils count.
0-0.1x10^9
Nucleus morphology of basophils
Bilobed nucleus
Large basophils granules inside
Growth factors basophils
IL3
Basophils circulation
Two weeks
Components of granules in basophils
Histamine vasodilator
serotonin
heparin anticoagulants
leukotrienes
Functions of basophils
Hypersensitivity reactions
Causes of variations in basophil counts
Allergic conditions
chronic myeloid leukemia
viral infections like chicken pox in influenza
mast cells nucleus morphology
Unilobed nucleus
Functions of mast cells
IgE mediated allergic disorders
Lymphocytes count
1.00-3.00 x 10^9
Causes of lymphocytosis
Chronic infections like tuberculosis
viral infections
autoimmune disease
Lymphopenia causes
Patients patients with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy
Hypoplastic marrow
widespread irradiation?
AIDS
Largest leukocytes in peripheral blood
Monocyte
morphology of nucleus in monocytes
Kidney shaped horseshoe shaped
Morphology of cytoplasm in monocytes
Abundant stains grayish blue groundglass appearance Few fine pinkish purple azurophilic granules Fine vacuoles
Primary Function
Phagocytosis
Monocytes count variation
Bacterial infections like tuberculosis, syphilide , subacute bacterial endoCarditis
Protozoa and rickettsial infections
