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Plasma Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of plasma proteins

A 
Nutrition 
Fluid exchange 
Buffering
Binding and transport 
Enzymes
Hormones 
Blood coagulation 
Viscosity 
Defense
Reserve proteins 
Tumors markers 
Antiproteases
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2
Q

Major gourds of proteins found by salting out method

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins

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3
Q

Major proteins found by electrophoresis

A 
Albumin 
Alpha 1 globulins
Alpha 2 globulins 
Beta globulins 
Gamma globulins
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4
Q

Major protein in blood

A

Albumin

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5
Q

Amount of albumin in human plasma

A

3.4-4.7 g/dL

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6
Q

Percentage of albumin in plasma protein

A

60%

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7
Q

Proportion of albumin in plasma and in extra cellular space

A

40% in plasma

60% in extracellular space

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8
Q

Half life of albumin

A

20 days

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9
Q

Fastest protein to migrate in electrophoresis

A

Albumin

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10
Q

Protein that precipitates last in salting out methods

A

Albumin

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11
Q

Amount of albumin produced per day

A

12g

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12
Q

First form of albumin during synthesis

A

Preproprotein

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13
Q

Functions of albumin

A 
Colloidal osmotic pressure
Maintenance of blood volume and body fluid distribution
Transport function
Nutritive function 
Buffering action
Viscosity
Blood brain barrier
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14
Q

Protein responsible for 75-80% of osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

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15
Q

Hypoalbuminemia causes …

A

Edema due to fluid retentiojn

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16
Q

Can albumin bind various ligands

A

Yes

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17
Q

Type of substances carried by albumin

A 
Free fatty acids
Calcium 
Steroid hormones
Bilirubin 
Copper
Some drugs
Sulfonamides
Penicillin G 
Dicoumarol 
Phenytoin 
Aspirin
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18
Q

Type of nutrients provided by albumin for tissue protein synthesis

A

Amino acids

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19
Q

Protein with maximum buffering capacity

A

Albumin

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20
Q

Viscosity of albumin

A

Low

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21
Q

How can albumin cause Kernicterus

A

If person takes drug, drug can easily replace bilirubin and released bilirubin go to brain

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22
Q

Level in hypoalbuminemia

A

Low

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23
Q

Is there tetany in hypoalbuminemia due to low calcium

A

No

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24
Q

Is there drug interaction with albumin binding

A

Yes

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25
Q

Example of drugs that can have drug interactions due to albumin

A

Phenytoin Dicoumarol interaction

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26
Q

 Conditions in which there is hypoalbuminemia

A 
Cirrhosis of liver 
malnutrition 
nephritic syndrome
 burns malabsorption
Analbuminemia
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27
Q

Solution that can separate each globulins

A

Half situation with ammonium sulfate

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28
Q

Types of globulins obtained by electrophoresis

A

Globulin alpha 1
Globulin alpha 2
Globulin beta
Globulin gamma

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29
Q

Globulins type synthesized in the liver

A

Globulin Alpha

globulin beta

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30
Q

Where are globulin gamma synthesized

A

Plasma cells and B cells of lymphoid tissues

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31
Q

The synthesis of gamma globulin increases or decreases in chronic conditions like Chronic infections ,chronic liver disease, leukemia, lymphomas …

A

Increases

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32
Q

What type of molecule are globulins

A

Glycoproteins

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33
Q

Examples of alpha-1 globulins

A

Alpha-1 anti-trypsin
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein ( orosomucoid )
Alpha 1 fetoproteinn

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34
Q

Major component of alpha-1 fraction of human plasma

A

Alpha-1 anti-trypsin (alpha-1 antiprotease)

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35
Q

Principal serine protease inhibitor of plasma

A

Alpha 1 anti trypsin

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36
Q

Function of alpha-1 anti-trypsin

A

Inhibits trypsin

Inhibit elastase

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37
Q

Major genotype of alpha-1 anti-trypsin in

A

MM

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38
Q

MM deficiency can lead to this pulmonary disease

A

Emphysema

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39
Q

What is the function of antitrypsin in the lung

A

Protect them from proteases

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40
Q

Group of people exposed to emphysema

A

Smokers

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41
Q

How does smoking creates emphysema

A

Oxidizes methionine I;alpha 1 antitrypsin which inactivâtes it.

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42
Q

Can z variant of alpha 1 antitrypsin cause cirrhosis of liver

A

Yes

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43
Q

Osoromucoid concentration in plasma

A

0.6 g/dL to 1.4 g/dL

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44
Q

Percentage of carbohydrates in osoromucoid

A

41%

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45
Q

What’s alpha globulin is a marker of acute inflammation, act as a transporter for progesterone, and transport carbohy to site of injury

A

Osoromucoid

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46
Q

Does concentration of Osoromucoid increases of decreases in inflammation, cirrhosis of liver and malignant disease

47
Q

Does concentration of Osoromucoid increase or decreases in liver disease, malnutrition , and nephrotic syndrome

48
Q

Is Osoromucoid present in high concentration in fetal blood in mid pregnancy

49
Q

Does Osoromucoid concentration increase during pregnancy

50
Q

Globulin considered like a marker for diagnosis of hepatocellualr carcinoma

A

Osoromucoid

51
Q

Important alpha 2 globulins

A

Haptoglobin
Ceruloplasmin
Alpha 2 macroglobulins

52
Q

plasma glycoprotein That binds extracorpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) in a right nonconvalent complex

A

Haptoglobin

53
Q

Function of HAptoglobin

A

Prevents lots of free hemoglobin in kidney. Which conserves Iron

54
Q

Does comcentr of haptoglobin increases or decreases in inflammation

55
Q

Does concentration of haptoglobin increases or decreases in hemolytic anemia

A

Decreases because removed more easily when not bound to hemoglobin

56
Q

What is the copper containing alpha-2 globulin

A

Ceruloplasmin

57
Q

Color of Ceruloplasmin

58
Q

Protein that transports 90 % of copper

A

Ceruloplasmin

59
Q

Normal plasma concentration of Ceruloplasmin

60
Q

Enzyme activities of ceruloplasmin

A

Ferroxidasd
Copper oxidase
Histaminase

61
Q

Where is ceruloplasmin synthetized

62
Q

10% of copper Carrie by …

63
Q

Which donates copper more readily to tissues . Ceruloplasmin or albumin

A

Albumin because less tightly bound to copper

64
Q

Wilson disease ceruloplasmin level

A

25-50 mg/ do

Reduced

65
Q

How does ceruloplasmin play a role in Wilson disease

A

Because low concentration of ceruloplasmin , there is more free copper in the blind leading to damage to tissues

66
Q

Diseases with decreased ceruloplasmin

A

Liver diseases
Wilson disease
Malnutrition
Nephrotic syndrome

67
Q

Major component of alpha 2 protein

A

Alpha. 2 macroglobulin

68
Q

what synthétisés alpha 2 macroglobulin

A

Macrophages and hepatocytes

69
Q

Functions of alpha 2 macroglobulin.

A

Inactivâtes all proteases

70
Q

Normal serum level of alpha 2 macroglobulin

A

130-300 mg/dl

71
Q

Disease in which there is increased level of AMG

A

Nephrotic syndrome

72
Q

Important beta globulins

A 
Transferrin
C reactive protein 
Haemopexin 
Complement C1 q
Beta lipoprotein LDL
73
Q

Where is transferrin synthesized

A

In the liver

74
Q

Transferrin function

A

Transports iron where it’s needed

75
Q

Transferrin receptors

76
Q

What causes iron to dissociate from protein in the lysosome

77
Q

Concentration in plasma of transferrin

78
Q

Proportion of transferrin Saturation with iron

79
Q

Why is it called c reactive protein

A

Because react with the c polysaccharide of capsule of the pneumococci

80
Q

Where is C-reactive proteins synthesized

A

In the liver

81
Q

Function of C-reactive proteins

A

Stimulate complement activity and macrophages

82
Q

Does concentration of C-reactive protein increases or decreases inflammation

83
Q

Is C-reactive protein an important marker for coronary heart disease

84
Q

Normal level of hemopexin

A

0.5-1 gm /L

85
Q

Where is hemopexin synthesized

A

In the liver

86
Q

What is the function of hemopexin

A

Buying Haem when broken down from hemoglobin

87
Q

When do you have low levels of hemopexin

A

At birth
hemolytic disorders
Drugs

88
Q

When do you have high levels of hemopexin

A

Pregnancy diabetes
Malignancies
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

89
Q

Complement c1q is the first factor that binds antibody , t or f ?

90
Q

Normal level of complement

91
Q

What does low level of compliment indicate

A

Circulation of antigen antibody complex

92
Q

When do you have high levels of compliments

A

Chronic infection

93
Q

Gamma globulins function

A

Defense mechanism of body

94
Q

Five types of gamma globulins

95
Q

 What is clotting factor one

A

Fibrinogen

96
Q

Does fibrinogen causes maximum or minimum blood viscosity

97
Q

Where is fibrinogen synthesized

A

In the liver

98
Q

What makes fibrinogen soluble in plasma And prevent aggregation

A

Negative charge

99
Q

What are acute phase proteins

A

Proteins that increase in level due to inflammatory and neoplastic conditions

100
Q

What are examples of acute phase proteins

A 
C-reactive proteins
Ceruloplasmin 
Alpha-1 anti-trypsin 
Alpha 2 macroglobulin 
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
101
Q

 This type of protein contribute to amyloidosis in chronic inflammation

A

Acute phase proteins

102
Q

Symptoms of acute phase proteins

A 
Fever 
increaesed blood pressure 
decreased sweating
Malaise
Loss of appetite
Somnolence
103
Q

What are negative acute phase protein

A

This pertains levels decrease in response to inflammatory process is

104
Q

Example of proteins that decrease in inflammatory process is

A

Albumin
Transthyretin
Retinol binding protein
transferrin

105
Q

what are bence jones protein

A

Abnormal protein with monoclonal light chain found in urine of patient with multiple myeloma

106
Q

Test for bence jones proteins

A

Heat coagulation test
Zone Electrophoresis
Immune electrophoresis

107
Q

What are cryoglobulin

A

Proteins that coagulate win very low temperature of serum

Monoclonal igG OR IgM

108
Q

This is where you have high cryoglobulins

A 
rheumatoid arthritis
Multiple myeloma
Lymphocytic leukemia
Lymphosarcoma
SLE
109
Q

When do you have hypoproteinemia

A

When more than 8 g/dL proteins

110
Q

Causes of hyperproteinemia

A 
Dehydration
Excessive vomiting 
diarrhea
diabetes insipidus
Pyloric stenosis or obstruction
Diuresis
Intestinal obstruction

111
Q

Polyclonal disease

A

Chronic infections
chronic liver disease
sarcoidosis
autoimmune disease

112
Q

Monoclonal disease

A 
Multiple myeLoma 
macroglobulinemia
Lymphosarcoma 
leukemia
Hodgkin disease
113
Q

Causes of Hypoproteinemia

A

Hemodilution

low albumin

114
Q

Causes of hypoproteinemia

A 
Nephrotic syndrome
 proteins losing enteropathy
Severe liver disease
Malnutrition 
malabsorption
Extensive skin burns
 pregnancy 
malignancies

Hematology (24 decks)

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