White Blood Cells Flashcards
Neutrophil features
Polymorphonuclear, 10-15um, granulocyte
Granulocyte kinetics
7-10 day maturation then released into circulation. Spend6-10 hours before infiltrating tissues
Regulation of granulopoeisis
GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-3
G-CSF used clinically, neupogen (neutropenia)
Neutrophil function
- Chemotaxis
- Phagocytosis
- Killing bacteria (oxidative and non oxidative)
Clinical relevance of neutrophils
- Infection, neutrophil leucocytosis. May have left shift (more immature cells)
- Low neutrophil cout, neutropenia (chemo induced)
- Neutrophil function defects
Monocyte structure
Larger, 15-20 um
lower count
Monocyte kinetics
Circulate 1-3 days
infiltrate tissue- macrophage
Related to: Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, Langerhans cells skin, microglial
Monocyte/macrophage function
Phagocytic cells:
-Chemotaxis, opsonization (receptors Fc and C3), phagocytosis and infection
Chronic infections
Synthetic functions:
-complement, interferons, cytokines (TNF-a,) growth factors, prostaglandins
Antigen presentation
Clinical relevance of monocytes
Reactive- chronic infections e.g osteomyelitis, TB
Malignant: acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
Eosinophils basic struc and clinical
Red granules, bilobe
Involved in allergic or hypersensitivty reactions. E.g asthma, hayfever dug reactions; parasitic infections!
Basophils
Infreqeunt, IgE binding sites, blue staining Related to mast cells Also involved with allergic reactions Granules have histamine. Type 1 hypersensitivity
Circulating lymphocytes
65-80% T cells, CD3, CD4, CD8
5-15% B cells (morphologically same^ identified by antigens)
Nk cell
Primary lymphoid organs and development/maturation
B cell: Bone marrow
T cell: Thymus
Secondary lymphoid organs, generation of immune response
Lymph nodes, bone marrow spleen, lymphoid tissue in lungs, gut
Clinical relevance of lymph nodes
- Bacterial/viral infection causing reactive enlargment
- Lymphomas, metastasis (firm, hard, non tender)
