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White Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

MCCs of lymphopenia

A

Immunodeficiency
High cortisol state (induces apoptosis)
Autoimmune destruction (ie SLE)
Whole body radiation (lymphocytes esp sensitive)

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2
Q

With neutrophilic leukocytosis, immature cells are characterized by decreased…

A

Fc Receptors = CD16

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3
Q

MCCs of eosinophilia

A

Allergic Rxn/Type1 Hypersens rxn
Parasites
Hodgkin Lymphoma (increases IL5)

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4
Q

MCC of basophilia

A

Chr. Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

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5
Q

MCCs of lymphocytic leukocytosis

A 
Viral infection
Bordetella pertussis (produces lymphocytosis-promoting factor)
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6
Q

EBV primarily infects…

A

Oropharynx => pharyngitis
Liver => hepatitis
B-Cells

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7
Q

A negative monospot test suggests…

A

CMV as possible cause of IM

or no IM

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8
Q

Why are infectious mono patients advised to avoid contact sports for one year?

A

Increased risk of splenic rupture

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9
Q

Lymphoblasts are characterized by positive nuclear staining for…

A

TdT

DNA polymerase

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10
Q

Surface markers associated with B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A

CD10
CD19
CD20
TdT

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11
Q

t(12;21)

A

B-ALL
Children
good prognosis

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12
Q

t(9;22) ALL

A

Philidelphia+ALL
Adults
poor prognosis

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13
Q

Surface markers associated with T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

A

CD2, 3, 4, 7, 8

TdT

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14
Q

Myeloblasts characterized by positive cytoplasmic stain gin for…

A

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)

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15
Q

Crystal aggregates of MPO are called…

A

Auer Rods

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16
Q

Auer Rods can initiate coagulation cascade, which can lead to…

A

DIC

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17
Q

t(15;17)

A

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Translocation of Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR); blocks maturation
tx = all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)

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18
Q

Leukemia associated with prior exposure to alkylating agents or radiotherapy

A

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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19
Q

Most common leukemia overall

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

= proliferation of naive B-cells

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20
Q

Surface markers on naive B cells with CLL

A

CD5

CD20

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21
Q

“Smudge Cells”

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

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22
Q

Richter transformation

A

Transformation of small lymphoblsatic lymphoma into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Seen with CLL

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23
Q

Cells positive for Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) suggests…

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

= proliferation of mature B-cells

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24
Q

Mechanism of 2-CDA/Cladribine treatment with Hairy Cell Leukemia

A

Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor => adenosine toxicity in neoplastic B-cells

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25
Lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia suggest
Multiple Myeloma OR Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL)
26
Proliferation of mature CD4+ T-cells that infiltrate skin
Mycosis Fungoides
27
"Sezary Cells"
Mycosis Fungoides | cerebriform nuclei
28
t(9;22)
``` Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) = Philidelphia chromosome, BCR-ABL fusion (-) LAP Stain Increased granulocytes and basophils Can transform to AML or ALL ```
29
Mechanism of BCR-ABL fusion leading to CML
increases tyrosine kinase activity (oncogene) so drives overproduction of neoplastic cells
30
First line treatment for CML
Imantinib | = blocks tyrosine kinase activity
31
JAK2 Kinase Mutation
Polycythemia Vera Essential Thrombocythemia (50%) Myelofibrosis
32
Myeloproliferative disorder with esp. increased RBCs
Polycythemia Vera => hyper viscosity of blood - potential for Budd-Chiari Syndrome
33
MCC of Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Polycythemia Vera | increased risk of venous thrombosis in hepatic vein can lead to infarct
34
Second-line therapy for PV, following phlebotomy
Hydroxyurea
35
Lymph node follicular/cortex hyperplasia is seen with...
R.A. | Early HIV infxn
36
Lymph node paracortex hyperplasia is seen with...
Viral infxns | i.e. infectious mono/EBV
37
Hyperplasia of sinus histiocytes is seen with...
lymph nodes that are draining a tissue with cancer
38
Types of Small B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Follicular Mantle Cell Marginal Zone Small Lymphocyte
39
Type of Intermediate B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Burkitt
40
t(14;18)
BCL2 translocation, over-expression, inhibits apoptosis | Follicular Lymphoma
41
Mechanism of Rituximab
Anti-CD20 antibody
42
Complication of follicular lymphoma if lymph node is enlarging
Progression to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
43
t(11;14)
Cyclin D1 translocation, over-expression, promotes G1 to S phase Mantle Cell Lymphoma
44
Chronic inflammatory states associated with Marginal zone Lymphoma
Hashimoto Thyroiditis Sjogren Syndrome H. pylori Gastritis
45
Marginal zone lymphoma in mucosal sites is called...
MALToma
46
Burkitt Lymphoma is associated with what virus?
EBV
47
t(8;14)
c-myc translocation, over-expression, promotes cell growth Burkitt Lymphoma - high mitotic index - starry sky appearance
48
Difference between African and Sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma
African --> involves jaw | Sporadic --> involves abdomen
49
"Starry Sky"
Burkitt Lymphoma
50
Most common form of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Clinically aggressive Arises sporadically or transformation from low-grade lymphoma
51
Reed-Sternberg cells
(+) CD15 (+) CD30 Large B cells, multi lobed nuclei, prominent nucleoli - Hodgkin Lymphoma
52
B-Symptoms
Fever Chills Weight loss Night sweats
53
Most common subtype of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nodular Sclerosis (70%) - large cervical or mediastinal lymph node - young, female adult
54
Subtype of Hodgkin Lymphoma with best prognosis
Lymphocyte rich
55
Most common PRIMARY malignancy of bone
Multiple Myeloma | High IL-6 stimulates plasma cell growth
56
Clinical features of Multiple Myeloma
``` Lytic bone lesions (skull and vertebrae esp.) M-Spike for IgG or IgA Rouleaux formations AL Amyloidosis Bence Jones Proteinuria ```
57
Rouleaux Formations (stacked RBCs on smear)
Multiple Myeloma
58
Bench Jones protein in urine (free light chain)
Multiple Myeloma
59
M-Spike without any other symptoms suggests...
MGUS | = Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
60
B-Cell lymphoma with monoclonal IgM production
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
61
Birbeck Granules (tennis racket shape on e-M)
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis CD1a+ S100+

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