What is citizenship and the relevance of the nation state Flashcards
Who has worked on defining citizenship?
Staeheli, 2011
How does Mitchell, 2009 define citizenship?
The rights and duties of individuals in a political community
Why is citizenship important?
It is automatically viewed as part of the nation state, so there exist de facto and de jure forms of citizenship
What are two key themes of citizenship contestations?
1) Rights + liberty -> Responsibilities + welfare (Marshall, 1950, esp former)
2) Imagined -> substantive
How does responsibilities framework link to citizenship?
It is earned (Heater, 1990)
How can citizenship be viewed as a vertical and horizontal relationship?
Vertical because of hierarchies (class and social status)
Horizontal because of intersectionality with gender, race etc
THINK OF MORE BESIDES
What is the problem with ancient Greek conceptualisations of citizenship?
It is often superficial, descriptive and romanticised (Isin, 2002)
What is Isin 2002 main point?
That there are always more with “have nots” than those who have things
How does citizenship link to biopower?
Social (rebellion) and fiscal (taxation) rationales for studying citizens (links to Foucault, 1972)
What are the three rights Marshall (1950) focussed on?
1) Civil (state protection) - 18th C
2) Political (voting) - 19th C
3) Social (welfare state) - 20th C
What is one of the main reasons why citizenship is of importance to geography?
Those who are included and excluded varies over space
The role of scale with nation state (de jure) vs everyday (de facto)
Why is urban focus important for citizenship?
More social and non-social (cyborg?) interactions?
What is the main theorist for liberal citizenship?
TH Marshall 1950
What is the main issue with TH Marshall’s liberal citizenship?
Assumes that there is equal provisioning and access to rights (esp important in the postcolonial context)
Who has discussed the impact of neoliberalism on the exclusivity of citizenship?
Ong 2006 and how citizenship is unequal based on how much of a competitive advantage they have (consider also UK immigration policy when it comes to those who are “marketable”)
Who has highlighted how exclusionary citizenship practices during neoliberaism have an affect on people? And in what way?
- Sparke 2007 (also Wilkinson and Pickett 2009)
- A corporeal component of exclusion
Why is neoliberalism dangerous from the perspective of civil society?
If you end up in a vulnerable position it is your fault (Isin, 2002)
What about impact on exclusion??
Is citizenship always inclusive?
No - can over romanticise it
As exclusionary as it is inclusionary
(Kabeer 2002)
Why is Polanyi’s (1944) “Double Movement” problematic at the global scale?
Welfare state in the North is financed by markets exploiting the South
(Fraser 2011)
Why is the move away from the nation-state for citizenship studies appropriate and alarming?
- Appropriate because state more ignorant to those in precarity etc during neoliberal paradigm
- Alarming not just because of legal importance with issuing citizenship
- More because of the way in which the state can legally legitimise actions of corporations and individuals to exclude people from the land, including areas of insurgent citizenship
