What is citizenship and the relevance of the nation state

Question 1

Who has worked on defining citizenship?

Answer 1

Staeheli, 2011

Question 2

How does Mitchell, 2009 define citizenship?

Answer 2

The rights and duties of individuals in a political community

Question 3

Why is citizenship important?

Answer 3

It is automatically viewed as part of the nation state, so there exist de facto and de jure forms of citizenship

Question 4

What are two key themes of citizenship contestations?

Answer 4

1) Rights + liberty -> Responsibilities + welfare (Marshall, 1950, esp former)
2) Imagined -> substantive

Question 5

How does responsibilities framework link to citizenship?

Answer 5

It is earned (Heater, 1990)

Question 6

How can citizenship be viewed as a vertical and horizontal relationship?

Answer 6

Vertical because of hierarchies (class and social status)

Horizontal because of intersectionality with gender, race etc

THINK OF MORE BESIDES

Question 7

What is the problem with ancient Greek conceptualisations of citizenship?

Answer 7

It is often superficial, descriptive and romanticised (Isin, 2002)

Question 8

What is Isin 2002 main point?

Answer 8

That there are always more with “have nots” than those who have things

Question 9

How does citizenship link to biopower?

Answer 9

Social (rebellion) and fiscal (taxation) rationales for studying citizens (links to Foucault, 1972)

Question 10

What are the three rights Marshall (1950) focussed on?

Answer 10

1) Civil (state protection) - 18th C
2) Political (voting) - 19th C
3) Social (welfare state) - 20th C

Question 11

What is one of the main reasons why citizenship is of importance to geography?

Answer 11

Those who are included and excluded varies over space

The role of scale with nation state (de jure) vs everyday (de facto)

Question 12

Why is urban focus important for citizenship?

Answer 12

More social and non-social (cyborg?) interactions?

Question 13

What is the main theorist for liberal citizenship?

Answer 13

TH Marshall 1950

Question 14

What is the main issue with TH Marshall’s liberal citizenship?

Answer 14

Assumes that there is equal provisioning and access to rights (esp important in the postcolonial context)

Question 15

Who has discussed the impact of neoliberalism on the exclusivity of citizenship?

Answer 15

Ong 2006 and how citizenship is unequal based on how much of a competitive advantage they have (consider also UK immigration policy when it comes to those who are “marketable”)

Question 16

Who has highlighted how exclusionary citizenship practices during neoliberaism have an affect on people? And in what way?

Answer 16

• Sparke 2007 (also Wilkinson and Pickett 2009)

- A corporeal component of exclusion

Question 17

Why is neoliberalism dangerous from the perspective of civil society?

Answer 17

If you end up in a vulnerable position it is your fault (Isin, 2002)

What about impact on exclusion??

Question 18

Is citizenship always inclusive?

Answer 18

No - can over romanticise it

As exclusionary as it is inclusionary

(Kabeer 2002)

Question 19

Why is Polanyi’s (1944) “Double Movement” problematic at the global scale?

Answer 19

Welfare state in the North is financed by markets exploiting the South

(Fraser 2011)

Question 20

Why is the move away from the nation-state for citizenship studies appropriate and alarming?

Answer 20

• Appropriate because state more ignorant to those in precarity etc during neoliberal paradigm
• Alarming not just because of legal importance with issuing citizenship
• More because of the way in which the state can legally legitimise actions of corporations and individuals to exclude people from the land, including areas of insurgent citizenship