What influenced imperial policy: 1890-1914

Question 1

Viceroy Curzon’s administration of India (1899-1905)

Answer 1

Dealt with nationalist stirrings from Indian National Congress (est. 1885) and ‘Servants for India Society: Nationalists criticized trading agreements and how it crushed local industry and heavy taxation

-Founded Imperial Cadet Corps in 1901: Native princes and elite figures do training for ‘special’ officer commissions

-Split Bengal into a Muslim province in the east and Hindu province in the west led to large opposition as Hindu elite owned property in the east which they rented to the Muslims in the west and strikes, protests and boycotting of British goods

Question 2

Indian Councils Act (1909)

Answer 2

Part of Morley-Minto reforms:

• 27 Indians to be elected from provincial constituencies to the Viceroy’s council
• Advise and assist in making laws
• However some representatives were chosen by British

Question 3

Morley-Minto reforms (1909 - 1910) - Democratic reforms (1910)

Answer 3

Elections for enlarged provincial councils:

• 135 Indians could secure seats
• playing a greater role in government at provincial level

Question 4

Capitulations (Administration of Egypt)

Answer 4

• All foreigners who came to Egypt had the right to be tried in their own country’s law course and Egyptian law affecting Europeans had to be approved by all governments represented in Egypt

Question 5

Caisse de la Dette (Administration of Egypt)

Answer 5

• Half of Egypt’s revenue went to European bond-holders and members of the Caisse (AH, Fra, Ger, Ita) could prevent British Consul-General from spending money on things they disapproved of

Question 6

Mixed courts (Administration of Egypt)

Answer 6

Mixed Courts: Set up to deal with cases involved Egyptians and Europeans with both European and Egyptian judges