How did the indigenous peoples respond to British rule: 1914-1947

Question 1

Causation of the Amritsar Massacre

Answer 1

• 1919 Government of India Act failed to satisfy nationalist demands for Independence
• 1919 Rowlatt Act (political cases to be tried without juries and imprisonment without trial and no more than 5 people gathering outdoors)

Question 2

Events of the Amritsar Massacre

Answer 2

• Amritsar 20,000 people gathered General Dyers warning he would ‘uphold the law’ and fires on crowd for 10 minutes killing 379 and injuring 1200 (some were on a pilgrimage)

Question 3

Effects of the Amritsar Massacre

Answer 3

Indian National Congress states that Britain no longer have moral authority to rule and Gandhi started non-cooperation movement of 1920

Question 4

Gandhi’s actions

Answer 4

Was influential as his effort were non-violent meaning that it undermined British moral authority if they imprisoned him:

• Organised the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920
• Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930-31
• “Quit India” campaign of 1942
• 240 mile Salt March in 1930 as a protest against British imposition of a salt-tax (Gandhi proved that salt shouldn’t be taxed as it was naturally occuring by marching to the sea and making salt)

Question 5

Causation of the 1916 Easter Rising

Answer 5

Agitation over the ‘Home Rule’ bill (both the concept due to sectarianism and the bill’s delay due to WW1)

Question 6

Events of the 1916 Easter Rising

Answer 6

• 1916 Irish Republican Brotherhood (radical nationalist group) seize Dublin general post office and declare Ireland an independent republic leading British troops and artillery ‘batter into submission’ while general public watch

Question 7

Consequences of the 1916 Easter Rising

Answer 7

More Irish Catholics support Dublin uprising and independence following executions of key members of the uprisings and those who were released who became leaders of the Irish War of Independence

Question 8

1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty

Answer 8

• Creates Irish Free State as a self-governing dominions
• Eamon de Valera refuses to accept because protestants in the north ‘opt. out’ but de Valera wants a republic and unity
• Irish Civil War in 1923 sees de Valera and republicans defeated and the southern states being treated as a dominion, gaining equality under 1931 Statute of Westminster
• Left commonwealth in 1949 following de Valera writing new constitution - Eire was a republic

Question 9

Causation to resistance of British rule in Burma

Answer 9

• Political: last attempt to restore Burmese monarchy
• religious
• economic/social: Burmese peasants dispossessed by Indian moneylenders, were heavily taxed

Question 10

Events of the resistance of British rule in Burma

Answer 10

• Saya San organised peasant discontent (“Galon Army”) and proclaimed himself a pretender to the throne who would unite the people and expel the British invader
• Outbreak occurred in Tharrawaddy, 22/23 Dec district with Galon Army being armed with swords and spears
• He was captured to be tried before special tribunal and was hung Tharrawaddy jail