What I want to review about certain prepositions

Question 1

By the time …

Answer 1

BEFORE before or not later than a particular time

• The documents need to be ready by next Friday.
• I reckon the film should be over by 9:30.
• By the end of the day we had sold over 2,000 tickets.
• By the time we got home we were tired and hungry.

Question 2

While

waɪl

Answer 2

(A) You use the present tense, not ‘will’, with while when you are talking about the future:
* I hope to visit the British Museum while I am in London.
* ✗ Don’t say I hope to visit the British Museum while I will be in London.

(B) Can be SYN: Although

(C) Can be used to emphasize the difference between two situations, activities etc → در صورتیکه

• while during the time that you are doing something, or something is happening
  I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the train.
• meanwhile at the same time as something else is happening
  They’re still working on our bedroom. Meanwhile, we’re sleeping downstairs.
• in the meantime during the period of time between now and a future event, or between two events in the past
  More aid is expected soon, but in the meantime these people are going hungry.
• whilst British English while. Whilst sounds a little more formal than while
  Whilst all this was going on, the performers were getting ready for the show.

Question 3

being

Answer 3

Noun form:
1. come into being/be brought into being
2. [countable] a living thing, especially a person

• a human being
• intelligent/conscious/rational etc being
• a story about alien beings who invade Earth

3. [uncountable] literary the most important quality or nature of something, especially of a person
   the core/roots/whole of somebody’s being

• The whole of her being had been taken over by a desire to return to her homeland.

Verb form:
1. the present participle of be
2. used to give the reason for something

• Being a quiet sort of person, I didn’t want to get involved.
• You can’t expect them to sit still for that long, children being what they are.

3. being as: SYN: as

• You might as well drink it, being as you’ve paid for it.

Question 4

do so

Answer 4

used to refer back to an idea, action, quality, situation etc that has just been mentioned

The troops will not advance until ordered to do so.

Question 5

Mandate that vs. Order that

Answer 5

Mandate: گروگیری اموال
Order: دستور انجام کاری

You mandate something
You order … doing …

Question 6

Adverb

Whereby

Formal

Answer 6

که به استناد به آن
(توش یه جور تناقض داره)
که بوسیله آن در عین حال

a proposal whereby EU citizens would be allowed to reside anywhere in the EU

پیشنهادی که به موجب آن شهروندان اتحادیه اروپا اجازه اقامت در هر نقطه از اتحادیه اروپا را خواهند داشت

Question 7

AS

Answer 7

1. Preposition:

• Preposition ₁ : used when you are comparing two people, things, situations etc → as … as
  → Tom’s not as old as you, is he?
• Preposition ₂ : used to say what job, duty, use, or appearance someone or something has
  → As a parent, I feel that more should be done to protect our children.
• Preposition ₃ : used to say what someone thinks or says a person or thing is
  → The problem is regarded as serious.
• Preposition ₄ : when someone was in a particular age group
  → As a young man, Eliot had studied art in Paris.

2. Conjunction:

• Conjunction ₁ : used in comparisons
  as … as
  → They want peace as much as we do.
• Conjunction ₂ : in the way that someone says or that something happens, or in the condition something is in
  → We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive. هیشکی از جاش تکون نخوره
• Conjunction ₃ : used to say that what you are saying is already known or has been stated before
  → As Napoleon once said, attack is the best method of defence. همانطور که جمشید پیشتر اشاره کرد …
• Conjunction ₄ : while or when
  → I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus.
  → As time passed, things seemed to get worse.
• Conjunction ₅ : used to state why a particular situation exists or why someone does something
  → As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home. ≈Because
• Conjunction ₆ : though
  → Unlikely as it might seem, I’m tired too.
  → As popular as he is, the president hasn’t always managed to have his own way.
• Conjunction ₇ : → as for somebody/something
• Conjunction ₈ : → as yet
• Conjunction ₉ : → as if …/as
  though …
• Conjunction ₁₀ : → it’s not as if
• Conjunction ₁₁ : → as it is
• Conjunction ₁₂ : → as from/of something
• Conjunction ₁₃ : → as against something
• Conjunction ₁₄ : → as to something
• Conjunction ₁₅ : → as it were
• Conjunction ₁₆ : → as is/was/does etc
• Conjunction ₁₇ : → as you do
  → not as such, → as well, → as well as, → might (just) as well, → so as to do something

→ such as, → as one USAGE: As, like, as if/though

• Use as in comparisons in the expression as … as, with an adjective or adverb in between:
  → ✔︎ Basketball is as popular as football here. | ✔︎ He can’t sing as well as his brother.
• As is also used after be the same (age/size etc):
  → ✔︎ He is the same age as me.
• ✗ Do not use as on its own before a noun or pronoun in comparisons.
  ✔︎ Use like: → ✔︎A movie is not like a book. | ✔︎ Like other people, he values his privacy.
  ✗ Don’t say: → ✗ A movie is not as a book. | ✗ As other people, he values his privacy.
• Use as if/as though before a clause describing an imaginary situation:
  → ✔︎He talked to them as if they were children.
• ✗ Do not use as if/as though directly before a noun.
  ✔︎ You say: → You treat him as if he were your servant.
  ✗ Don’t say: → You treat him as if your servant.