Idioms - 1

Question 1

1.

1. John was able in seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
2. John was able of seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
3. John was able to see the fireworks from his rooftop.
4. John was able for seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.

:

Answer 1

to
Construction:
able to+ base verb

Correct:

• John was able to see the fireworks from his rooftop.

Incorrect:

• John was able in seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
• John was able of seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
• John was able for seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.

جان توانست آتش بازی را از پشت بام خود ببیند.

Question 2

2.

1. Ants have the ability to lift anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight
2. Ants have the ability for lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
3. Ants have the ability of lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
4. Ants have the ability in lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight..

Answer 2

to
Construction:
ability to+ base verb

Correct:
* Ants have the ability to lift anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight

Incorrect:
* Ants have the ability for lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
* Ants have the ability of lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
* Ants have the ability in lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight..

مورچه ها توانایی بلند کردن 20 تا 100 برابر وزن خود را دارند

Question 3

3.

1. The community board acceded at Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
2. The community board acceded to Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house
3. The community board acceded for Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
4. The community board acceded to do Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.

ækˈsiːd

Answer 3

to
Construction:
accede to+ noun

Correct:

• The community board acceded to Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house

Incorrect:

• The community board acceded at Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
• The community board acceded for Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
• The community board acceded to do Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.

انجمن با درخواست پولی برای برداشتن زباله‌دان از جلوی خانه‌اش موافقت کرد

to agree to a demand, proposal etc, especially after first disagreeing with it

Question 4

4.

1. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access in the suspect’s house.
2. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access of the suspect’s house.
3. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access for the suspect’s house.
4. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access to the suspect’s house.

Answer 4

to
Construction:
access to+ noun

Correct:
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access to the suspect’s house.

Incorrect:
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access in the suspect’s house.
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access of the suspect’s house.
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access for the suspect’s house.

پلیس برای دسترسی به خانه مظنون نیاز به حکم قضایی داشت

Question 5

5.

1. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as being the greatest actor of his generation.
2. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed for being the greatest actor of his generation.
3. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as the greatest actor of his generation.
4. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed with having been the greatest actor of his generation.

əˈkleɪmd

Answer 5

as
Construction:
acclaimed as+ noun

Correct:

• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as the greatest actor of his generation.

Incorrect:

• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as being the greatest actor of his generation.
• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed for being the greatest actor of his generation.
• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed with having been the greatest actor of his generation.

پس از بازی در فیلم اسکار، او به عنوان بزرگترین بازیگر نسل خود شناخته شد.

publicly praised by a lot of people

Question 6

6.

1. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
2. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
3. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied along with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
4. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied together by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.

əˈkʌmpəni

Answer 6

by
Construction:
accompanied by+ noun

Correct:

• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.

Incorrect:

• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied along with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied together by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.

با وجود اینکه آنها نمی ترسیدند، اما وقتی بچه ها برای دیدن فیلم ترسناک می رفتند، باید پدر و مادرشان همراهی می کردند.

Question 7

7.

1. The group was arranged in the photo according of height.
2. The group was arranged in the photo according to height.
3. The group was arranged in the photo according by height.
4. The group was arranged in the photo according for height.

Answer 7

to
Construction:
according to+ noun

Correct:

• The group was arranged in the photo according to height.

Incorrect:

• The group was arranged in the photo according of height.
• The group was arranged in the photo according by height.
• The group was arranged in the photo according for height.

گروه در عکس بر اساس قد مرتب شده بود.

Question 8

8.

frequent

1. He couldn’t account to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
2. He couldn’t account as to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
3. He couldn’t account as for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
4. He couldn’t account for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.

Answer 8

for
Construction:
account for+ noun

Correct:

• He couldn’t account for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.

Incorrect:

• He couldn’t account to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
• He couldn’t account as to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
• He couldn’t account as for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.

Account as a verb takes “for”

Means “provide an explanation for” or “represent.”

او در شب قتل نتوانست محل اختفای خود را توضیح دهد و تا رسیدن وکیلش در بازداشت پلیس نگه داشته شد.

Question 9

9.

1. The bank foreclosed on the home on account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
2. The bank foreclosed on the home by account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
3. The bank foreclosed on the home on accounting of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
4. The bank foreclosed on the home on the account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.

Answer 9

of
Construction:
on account of+ noun

Correct:

• The bank foreclosed on the home on account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.

Incorrect:

• The bank foreclosed on the home by account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
• The bank foreclosed on the home on accounting of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
• The bank foreclosed on the home on the account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.

بانک خانه را به دلیل وام مسکن وارونه صاحب خانه توقیف کرد.

Note: This is a grammatically correct alternative to “because of” or “due to,” however it is generally not preferred to those other options.

Question 10

10.

1. Dora was accused for petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister for grand larceny.
2. Dora was accused with petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister with grand larceny.
3. Dora was accused of petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister of grand larceny.
4. Dora was accused about petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister over grand larceny.

əˈkjuːz

Answer 10

of
Construction:
accuse X of Y;
accused of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Dora was accused of petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister of grand larceny.

Incorrect:

• Dora was accused for petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister for grand larceny.
• Dora was accused with petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister with grand larceny.
• Dora was accused about petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister over grand larceny.

charge (someone) with an offence or crime

دورا متهم به سرقت کوچک بود، اما دادستان خواهر دورا را به سرقت بزرگ متهم کرد
.
Note: “Accused of” is often followed by “being” and then a noun or adjective (e.g., accused of being a thief, accused of
being lazy).

Question 11

11.

1. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted of them before they entrusted her for the project.
2. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted about them before they entrusted her about the project.
3. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted regarding them before they entrusted her regarding the project.
4. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted with them before they entrusted her with the project.

əˈkweɪnt

Answer 11

with
Construction:
acquaint with + noun;
acquaint X with Y

Correct:

• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted with them before they entrusted her with the project.

Incorrect:

• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted of them before they entrusted her for the project.
• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted about them before they entrusted her about the project.
• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted regarding them before they entrusted her regarding the project.

او برای ساعاتی خوش به همکاران جدیدش پیوست به این امید که قبل از اینکه پروژه را به او بسپارند، با آنها بهتر آشنا شود.

Note: The verb entrust can also take this construction. to deliberately find out about something

Question 12

12.

1. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced their demands.
2. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced with their demands.
3. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced to their demands.
4. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced at their demands.

ˌækwiˈes

Answer 12

to
Construction:

acquiesce to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced to their demands.

Incorrect:

• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced their demands.
• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced with their demands.
• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced at their demands.

پس از اعتصاب کارگران، شرکت به خواسته های آنها تن داد.

to do what someone else wants, or allow something to happen, even though you do not really agree with it

Question 13

13.

1. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting into life without children in the house.
2. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting to life without children in the house.
3. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting with life without children in the house.
4. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting about life without children in the house.

Answer 13

to
Construction:
adapt to+ noun/gerund;
adapt X to Y

Correct:

• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting to life without children in the house.

Incorrect:

• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting into life without children in the house.
• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting with life without children in the house.
• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting about life without children in the house.

Note: Means “adjust to.”

وقتی دخترانشان به دانشگاه رفتند، این زوج برای تطبیق با زندگی بدون بچه در خانه مشکل داشتند.

Question 14

14.

1. The curriculum was adapted for students who spoke English as a second language.
2. The curriculum was adapted at students who spoke English as a second language.
3. The curriculum was adapted around students who spoke English as a second language.

Answer 14

for
Construction:
adapted for+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The curriculum was adapted for students who spoke English as a second language.

Incorrect:

• The curriculum was adapted at students who spoke English as a second language.
• The curriculum was adapted around students who spoke English as a second language.

Note: Means “made suitable for.”

برنامه درسی برای دانش آموزانی که انگلیسی را به عنوان زبان دوم صحبت می کنند، متناسب شده است.

Question 15

15.

1. He was deeply affected from the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
2. He was deeply affected about the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
3. He was deeply affected by the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
4. He was deeply affected of the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.

əˈfektɪəd

Answer 15

by
Construction:
affected by+ noun

Correct:

• He was deeply affected by the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.

Incorrect:

• He was deeply affected from the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
• He was deeply affected about the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
• He was deeply affected of the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.

او به شدت تحت تأثیر صحنه های جنگی فیلم قرار گرفت و مجبور شد تئاتر را ترک کند.

Question 16

16.

1. She was afflicted with a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
2. She was afflicted by a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
3. She was afflicted of a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
4. She was afflicted from a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.

əˈflɪkt

Answer 16

with/by
Construction:
afflicted with/by+ noun

Correct:

• She was afflicted with a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
• She was afflicted by a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.

Incorrect:

• She was afflicted of a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
• She was afflicted from a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.

to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer

او به بیماری آنقدر نادر مبتلا بود که کمتر شفا دهنده ای تا به حال در مورد آن چیزی شنیده بود.

Question 17

17.

1. The little boy was afraid about the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
2. The little boy was afraid over the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
3. The little boy was afraid of the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
4. The little boy was afraid from the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.

əˈfreɪd

Answer 17

of
Construction:
afraid of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The little boy was afraid of the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.

Incorrect:

• The little boy was afraid about the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
• The little boy was afraid over the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
• The little boy was afraid from the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.

پسر کوچک از تاریکی می ترسید، بنابراین والدینش برای اتاقش چراغ خواب خریدند.

Question 18

18.

1. He had agreed into the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
2. He had agreed to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
3. He had agreed as to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
4. He had agreed over the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.

Answer 18

to
Construction:
agree to+ base verb;
agree to+ noun

Correct:

• He had agreed to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.

Incorrect:

• He had agreed into the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
• He had agreed as to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
• He had agreed over the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.

to say yes to an idea, plan, suggestion etc

او به صورت کتبی با شرایط موافقت کرده بود، بنابراین شکایت او علیه شرکت در دادگاه به نتیجه نرسید.

Question 19

1. Let’s try to agree on a date.
2. Let’s try to agree with a date.
3. Let’s try to agree about a date.

Answer 19

on
Construction:
agree/disagree on+ a matter for decision

Correct:

• Let’s try to agree on a date.

Incorrect:

• Let’s try to agree with a date.
• Let’s try to agree about a date.

Question 20

19.

1. Even if you don’t agree over his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate together with him.
2. Even if you don’t agree in his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate in partnership with him.
3. Even if you don’t agree with his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate with him.

əˈgriː

Answer 20

with
Construction:
agree/disagree with+ noun/pronoun

Correct:

• Even if you don’t agree with his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate with him.

Incorrect:

• Even if you don’t agree over his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate together with him.
• Even if you don’t agree in his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate in partnership with him.

with a person, opinion or policy

to believe that a decision, action, or suggestion is correct or right:
I don’t agree with hitting children.
حتی اگر با نظرات او موافق نیستید، باز هم می توانید به آنها احترام بگذارید و سعی کنید با او همکاری کنید.

Note: Other verbs that take this construction are: collaborate, comply, sympathize.

Question 21

20.

frequent

1. The tutor aided the student in preparing for the test.
2. The tutor aided the student to prepare for the test.
3. The tutor aided the student at preparing for the test.
4. The tutor aided the student of preparing for the test.

eɪd

Answer 21

in
Construction:
aid in + noun/gerund;
aid X in Y

Correct:

• The tutor aided the student in preparing for the test.

Incorrect:

• The tutor aided the student to prepare for the test.
• The tutor aided the student at preparing for the test.
• The tutor aided the student of preparing for the test.

استاد راهنما به دانش آموز در آماده شدن برای آزمون کمک کرد.

• Note: You give aid to or for a person, country, etc., but you aid in an activity.
• Note: NEVER use prepposition, if “Aid” used as a verb

Question 22

21.

1. The department allocated the government grant for enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
2. The department allocated the government grant as enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
3. The department allocated the government grant to enhanced training initiatives fo the officers.
4. The department allocated the government grant into enhanced training initiatives for the officers.

ˈæləkeɪt

Answer 22

to
Construction:
allocate X to Y

Correct:
* The department allocated the government grant to enhanced training initiatives for the officers.

Incorrect:
* The department allocated the government grant for enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
* The department allocated the government grant as enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
* The department allocated the government grant into enhanced training initiatives for the officers.

این اداره کمک مالی دولت را به طرح های آموزشی پیشرفته برای افسران اختصاص داد.

Question 23

22.

1. A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time for the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow for such discussion when scheduling the next meeting.
2. A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time to the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow more time to such discussion when scheduling the meeting.

əˈlaʊ

Answer 23

for
Construction:
allow X for Y;
allow for X

Correct:

• A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time for the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow for such discussion when scheduling the next meeting.

Incorrect:

• A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time to the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow more time to such discussion when scheduling the meeting.

یک جلسه یک ساعته به هیئت مدیره زمان کافی برای بحث در مورد دستور کار این سه ماهه نمی دهد، بنابراین باید در زمان برنامه ریزی جلسه بعدی اجازه چنین بحثی را بدهیم.

Note: Allow X for Y means to allocate an amount; allow for X means to take into consideration or make a provision for something.

Question 24

23.

1. Gina’s parents didn’t allow on her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted on watching a movie.
2. Gina’s parents didn’t allow her for going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted for watching a movie.
3. Gina’s parents didn’t allow in her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted as to watching a movie.
4. Gina’s parents didn’t allow her to go out on Saturday night, but she was permitted to watch a movie.

Answer 24

to
Construction:
allow X to Y;
allow to+ base verb

• • Correct:
    Gina’s parents didn’t allow her to go out on Saturday night, but she was permitted to watch* a movie.

Incorrect:
* Gina’s parents didn’t allow on her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted on watching a movie.
* Gina’s parents didn’t allow her for going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted for watching a movie.
* Gina’s parents didn’t allow in her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted as to watching a movie.

پدر و مادر جینا به او اجازه ندادند شنبه شب بیرون برود، اما او اجازه داشت یک فیلم تماشا کند.

Note: Similar verbs that take this construction are encourage, force, permit, persuade.

Question 25

# 24. 1. In Josh's country, there was no **alternative of his internet provider**, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. 2. In Josh's country, there was no **alternative to his internet provider**, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. 3. In Josh's country, there was no **alternative from his internet provider**, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. 4. In Josh's county, there was no **alternative in comparison to his internet provider**, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. | ɒːlˈtɜːrnətɪv

Answer 25

to Construction: _alternative to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * In Josh's country, there was no **alternative to his internet provider**, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. Incorrect: * In Josh's country, there was no ***alternative of his internet provider***, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. * In Josh's country, there was no ***alternative from his internet provider***, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. * In Josh's country, there was no ***alternative in comparison to his internet provider***, so he couldn't switch to a more reliable service. ## Footnote در کشور جاش، هیچ جایگزینی برای ارائه‌دهنده اینترنت او وجود نداشت، بنابراین او نمی‌توانست به سرویس مطمئن‌تری روی بیاورد.

Question 26

# 25. 1. The negotiations never **amounted in a vote** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would **amount in $100 billion.** 2. The negotiations never **amounted as a vote** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would **amount as $100 billion.** 3. The negotiations never **amounted into a vote** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would **amount into $100 billion.** 4. The negotiations never **amounted to a vote** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would **amount to $100 billion.** | əˈmaʊnt ## Footnote Sum, result

Answer 26

to Construction: _amount to_+ noun Correct: * The negotiations never **amounted to a vote** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would **amount to $100 billion.** Incorrect: * The negotiations never ***amounted in a vote*** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would ***amount in $100 billion.*** * The negotiations never ***amounted as a vote*** because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would ***amount as $100 billion.*** * The negotiations never ***amounted into a*** vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would ***amount into $100 billion.*** ## Footnote Note: Meaning "sum to" or "result in." Verb may be conjugated. مذاکرات هرگز به رای نرسید زیرا کمیته تعیین کرد که هزینه های مربوط به این اقدام بالغ بر 100 میلیارد دلار خواهد بود.

Question 27

# 26. 1. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was **analogous to giving** birth. 2. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was **analogous for giving** birth. 3. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was **analogous of giving** birth. 4. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was **analogous as giving** birth. | əˈnæləgəs

Answer 27

to Construction: _analogous to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was **analogous to giving** birth. Incorrect: * The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was ***analogous for giving*** birth. * The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was ***analogous of giving*** birth. * The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was ***analogous as giving*** birth. | این هنرمند پرمدعا ادعا کرد که ایجاد این مجسمه مشابه زایمان است. ## Footnote similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made **The report’s findings are analogous with our own.**

Question 28

# 27. 1. The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an **analogy to a modern-day corporate structure.** 2. The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an **analogy with a modern-day corporate structure.** | əˈnælədʒi

Answer 28

to/with Construction: _analogy to/with_ + noun/gerund Correct: * The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an **analogy to a modern-day corporate structure.** * The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an **analogy with a modern-day corporate structure.** ## Footnote معلم سلسله مراتب پیچیده دربار سلطنتی را با تشبیه یک ساختار شرکتی امروزی توضیح داد.

Question 29

# 28. 1. Lorna was **angry over her neighbors** because they were late to the potluck and didn't bring a dish. 2. Lorna was **angry at her neighbors** because they were late to the potluck and didn't bring a dish.

Answer 29

at Construction: _angry at_+ [person/entity] Correct: * Lorna was **angry at her neighbors** because they were late to the potluck and didn't bring a dish. Incorrect: * Lorna was ***angry over her neighbors*** because they were late to the potluck and didn't bring a dish. ## Footnote angry **with** (sometimes **at**) a person **for** doing something. لورنا از دست همسایه‌هایش عصبانی بود، زیرا آنها دیر به غذا رسیدند و ظرفی نیاوردند.

Question 30

# 29. 1. The teachers were **angry about the ongoing lack of support from the administration.** 2. The teachers were **angry from the ongoing lack of support from the administration.**

Answer 30

about Construction: _angry about_+ [situation/condition/event] Correct: * The teachers were **angry about the ongoing lack of support from the administration.** Incorrect: * The teachers were ***angry from the ongoing lack of support from the administration.*** | معلمان از عدم حمایت مداوم دولت عصبانی بودند.

Question 31

# 30. 1. The combination of chicken and waffles didn't **appeal at him**, so he ordered a burger instead. 1. The combination of chicken and waffles didn't **appeal to him**, so he ordered a burger instead. 1. The combination of chicken and waffles didn't **appeal in him**, so he ordered a burger instead. | əˈpiːl

Answer 31

to Construction: _appeal to_+ [person/entity] Correct: * The combination of chicken and waffles didn't **appeal to him**, so he ordered a burger instead. Incorrect: * The combination of chicken and waffles didn't ***appeal at him***, so he ordered a burger instead. * The combination of chicken and waffles didn't ***appeal in him***, so he ordered a burger instead. ## Footnote To seem attractive and interesting to someone. ترکیب مرغ و وافل برای او جذابیتی نداشت، بنابراین به جای آن برگر سفارش داد.

Question 32

# 31. 1. On the surface, Sam **appeared at having** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. 2. On the surface, Sam **appeared to have** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. 3. On the surface, Sam **appeared as having** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. 4. On the surface, Sam **appeared he had** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.

Answer 32

to Construction: _appear to_+ **base verb** Correct: * On the surface, Sam **appeared to have** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. Incorrect: * On the surface, Sam ***appeared at having*** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. * On the surface, Sam ***appeared as having*** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. * On the surface, Sam ***appeared he had*** it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed. ## Footnote Note: Other verbs that can take this construction are **claim**, **decide** در ظاهر، سم به نظر می رسید که همه چیز را با هم داشته باشد، اما در درون او وحشت زده و ناامید شده بود.

Question 33

# 32. 1. Lisa's parents strongly **disapproved about her decision** to take a year off before college. 2. Lisa's parents strongly **disapproved with her decision** to take a year off before college. 3. Lisa's parents strongly **disapproved of her decision** to take a year off before college. 4. Lisa's parents strongly **disapproved at her decision** to take a year off before college.

Answer 33

of Construction: _approve/disapprove of_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Lisa's parents strongly **disapproved of her decision** to take a year off before college. Incorrect: * Lisa's parents strongly ***disapproved about her decision*** to take a year off before college. * Lisa's parents strongly ***disapproved with her decision*** to take a year off before college. * Lisa's parents strongly ***disapproved at her decision*** to take a year off before college. ## Footnote والدین لیزا به شدت با تصمیم او برای مرخصی یک سال قبل از کالج مخالفت کردند.

Question 34

# 33. 1. Today is the last day to **apply about the job.** 2. Today is the last day to **apply for the job.**

Answer 34

for Construction: _apply for_+ noun Correct: * Today is the last day to **apply for the job.** Incorrect: * Today is the last day to ***apply about the job.*** | امروز آخرین روز برای درخواست کار است.

Question 35

# 34. 1. Martin Luther King, Jr., **argued for equality in American society.** 2. Martin Luther King, Jr., **argued at racial segregation** in American society. 3. Martin Luther King, Jr., **argued against racial segregation** in American society.

Answer 35

for/against Construction: _argue for/against_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Martin Luther King, Jr., **argued for equality in American society.** * Martin Luther King, Jr., **argued against racial segregation** in American society. Incorrect: * Martin Luther King, Jr., ***argued at racial segregation*** in American society. | Note: Another verb that takes this construction is **fight**. ## Footnote مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور برای برابری در جامعه آمریکا بحث می کرد. مارتین لوتر کینگ، جونیور، علیه تبعیض نژادی در جامعه آمریکا استدلال می کرد.

Question 36

# 35. 1. The co-op board members **argued at each other** vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings. 2. The co-op board members **argued to each other** vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings. 3. The co-op board members **argued with each other** vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.

Answer 36

with Construction: _argue with_ + noun/pronoun Correct: * The co-op board members **argued with each other** vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings. Incorrect: * The co-op board members ***argued at each other*** vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings. * The co-op board members ***argued to each other*** vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings. ## Footnote اعضای هیئت مدیره تعاونی به شدت با یکدیگر بحث می کردند، اما همیشه در پایان جلسات خود به یک سازش دوستانه می رسیدند.

Question 37

# 36. 1. Television streaming services are not **so popular nationally as cable services**, although their market share is rapidly growing. 2. Television streaming services are not **as popular nationally as cable services**, although their market share is rapidly growing. 3. Television streaming services are not **more popular nationally as cable services**, although their market share is rapidly growing. 4. Television streaming services are not **as popular nationally than cable services**, although their market share is rapidly growing.

Answer 37

as Construction: _as X as Y_ Correct: * Television streaming services are not **as popular nationally as cable services**, although their market share is rapidly growing. Incorrect: * Television streaming services are not ***so popular nationally as cable services***, although their market share is rapidly growing. * Television streaming services are not ***more popular nationally as cable services***, although their market share is rapidly growing. * Television streaming services are not ***as popular nationally than cable services***, although their market share is rapidly growing. | Note: Used for comparisons. ## Footnote خدمات پخش تلویزیونی در سطح ملی به اندازه خدمات کابلی محبوب نیستند، اگرچه سهم بازار آنها به سرعت در حال رشد است.

Question 38

# 37. 1. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director **for next Monday**. 2. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director **as on next Monday**. 3. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director **as to next Monday**. 4. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director **as of next Monday**.

Answer 38

of Construction: _as of_+ [time/date] Correct: * Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director **as of next Monday**. Incorrect: * Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director ***for next Monday***. * Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director ***as on next Monday***. * Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director ***as to next Monday***. | جکسون از دوشنبه آینده کار خود را به عنوان مدیر موقت آغاز خواهد کرد.

Question 39

# 38. 1. All I **ask from a movie** is that it make me laugh. 2. All I **ask of a movie** is that it make me laugh. 3. All I **ask to a movie** is that it make me laugh.

Answer 39

of Construction: _ask of_+ noun; _ask X of/for Y_ Correct: * All I **ask of a movie** is that it make me laugh. Incorrect: * All I ***ask from a movie*** is that it make me laugh. * All I ***ask to a movie*** is that it make me laugh. | تنها چیزی که از یک فیلم می خواهم این است که من را بخنداند. ## Footnote Note: "Ask of" means "demand from."

Question 40

# 39. 1. If the panel cannot be repaired, I will **ask for a refund**. 2. If the panel cannot be repaired, I will **ask into a refund**.

Answer 40

for Construction: _ask for_+ noun; _ask X for Y_ Correct: * If the panel cannot be repaired, I will **ask for a refund**. Incorrect: * If the panel cannot be repaired, I will ***ask into a refund***. | اگر پنل قابل تعمیر نباشد، من درخواست بازگشت وجه می کنم. ## Footnote Note: "Ask for" means "request."

Question 41

# 40. 1. The English professor **asked the class whether** they preferred Updike or Cheever. 2. The English professor **asked the class if** they preferred Updike or Cheever. 3. The English professor **asked the class regarding whether** they preferred Updike or Cheever. 4. The English professor **asked the class about whether** they preferred Updike or Cheever. ## Footnote Introduces an uncertainty

Answer 41

whether Construction: _ask X whether Y_; _ask whether_+ noun clause Correct: * The English professor **asked the class whether** they preferred Updike **or** Cheever. Incorrect: * The English professor ***asked the class if*** they preferred Updike or Cheever. * The English professor ***asked the class regarding whether*** they preferred Updike or Cheever. * The English professor ***asked the class about whether*** they preferred Updike or Cheever. | استاد انگلیسی از کلاس پرسید که آیا آپدایک را ترجیح می دهند یا چیور. ## Footnote Note: Introduces an uncertainty. Other verbs that pair with "whether" to introduce uncertainties include the following: **depend on**; **determine**; **dispute**; **question**; **wonder**.

Question 42

# 41. 1. The press **associated his contentious divorce with his subsequent decision** to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated. 2. The press **associated his contentious divorce along with his subsequent decision** to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated. 3. The press **associated his contentious divorce to his subsequent decision** to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.

Answer 42

with Construction: _associate with_ + noun/gerund; _associate X with Y_ Correct: * The press **associated his contentious divorce with his subsequent decision** to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated. Incorrect: * The press ***associated his contentious divorce along with his subsequent decision*** to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated. * The press ***associated his contentious divorce to his subsequent decision*** to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated. ## Footnote مطبوعات طلاق جنجالی او را با تصمیم بعدی او برای بازنشستگی از NFL مرتبط کردند، اما این دو رویداد ارتباطی نداشتند.

Question 43

# 42. 1. The mother **assured her son of the loud noise's being just a car backfiring**. 2. The mother **assured to her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring**. 3. The mother **assured her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring.** | əˈʃʊr

Answer 43

that Construction: _assure X that Y_; _assure that_+ noun clause Correct: * The mother **assured her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring.** Incorrect: * The mother ***assured her son of the loud noise's being just a car backfiring***. * The mother ***assured to her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring***. ## Footnote مادر به پسرش اطمینان داد که صدای بلند فقط یک ماشین است که تهش صدا میده.

Question 44

# 43. 1. Alice had to leave work early to **attend on a family crisis**. 2. Alice had to leave work early to **attend about a family crisis**. 3. Alice had to leave work early to **attend for a family crisis**. 4. Alice had to leave work early to **attend to a family crisis**.

Answer 44

to Construction: _attend to_+ noun Correct: * Alice had to leave work early to **attend to a family crisis**. Incorrect: * Alice had to leave work early to ***attend on a family crisis***. * Alice had to leave work early to ***attend about a family crisis***. * Alice had to leave work early to ***attend for a family crisis***. | Note: Meaning "deal with" or "give attention to.” ## Footnote آلیس مجبور شد کار را زودتر ترک کند تا به یک بحران خانوادگی رسیدگی کند.

Question 45

# 44. 1. The wedding will be **attended of prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities** alike. 2. The wedding will be **attended by prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities** alike. 3. The wedding will be **attended with prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike**.

Answer 45

by Construction: _attended by_+ noun Correct: * The wedding will be **attended by prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities** alike. Incorrect: * The wedding will be ***attended of prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities*** alike. * The wedding will be ***attended with prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike***. ## Footnote در این عروسی سیاستمداران برجسته و افراد مشهور هالیوود به طور یکسان حضور خواهند داشت.

Question 46

# 45. 1. The psychiatrist **attested to the defendant's fitness** to stand trial. 2. The psychiatrist **attested into the defendant's fitness** to stand trial. 3. The psychiatrist **attested regarding the defendant's fitness** to stand trial. 4. The psychiatrist **attested on the defendant's fitness** to stand trial. | əˈtest

Answer 46

to Construction: _attest to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The psychiatrist **attested to the defendant's fitness** to stand trial. Incorrect: * The psychiatrist ***attested into the defendant's fitness*** to stand trial. * The psychiatrist ***attested regarding the defendant's fitness*** to stand trial. * The psychiatrist ***attested on the defendant's fitness*** to stand trial. | SYN: testify Note: Verb may be conjugated. ## Footnote روانپزشک آمادگی متهم را برای محاکمه تایید کرد.

Question 47

# 46. 1. Gregory **attributed his father's death from negligent hospital care** and planned to sue. 2. Gregory **attributed his father's death to negligent hospital care** and planned to sue. 3. Gregory **attributed his father's death as negligent hospital care** and planned to sue. Gregory **attributed his father's death as a result of negligent hospital care** and planned to sue.

Answer 47

to Construction: _attribute X to Y_; _attribute to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Gregory **attributed his father's death to negligent hospital care** and planned to sue. Incorrect: * Gregory ***attributed his father's death from negligent hospital care*** and planned to sue. * Gregory ***attributed his father's death as negligent hospital care*** and planned to sue. Gregory ***attributed his father's death as a result of negligent hospital care*** and planned to sue. ## Footnote گرگوری مرگ پدرش را ناشی از مراقبت های بیمارستانی سهل انگارانه دانست و قصد داشت شکایت کند. * _he_ **attributed** _the firm’s success_ **to** _the efforts_ of the managing director * _his resignation_ **was attributed to** _stress_.

Question 48

# 47. 1. Surprisingly, the school board is not **averse about radical changes** to the curriculum. 2. Surprisingly, the school board is not **averse as to radical changes** to the curriculum. 3. Surprisingly, the school board is not **averse to radical changes** to the curriculum. ##footnote əˈvɜːrs

Answer 48

to Construction: _averse to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Surprisingly, the school board is not **averse to radical changes** to the curriculum. Incorrect: * Surprisingly, the school board is not ***averse about radical changes*** to the curriculum. * Surprisingly, the school board is not ***averse as to radical changes*** to the curriculum. | unwilling to do something or not liking something ## Footnote با کمال تعجب، هیئت مدیره مدرسه مخالف تغییرات اساسی در برنامه درسی نیست.

Question 49

# 48. 1. **Based on the experiences of five scientists**, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. 2. **Based from the experiences of five scientists**, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. 3. **Based about the experiences of five scientists**, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. 4. **Based onto the experiences of five scientists**, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.

Answer 49

on Construction: _based on_ + noun Correct: * **Based on the experiences of five scientists**, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. Incorrect: * ***Based from the experiences of five scientists***, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. * ***Based about the experiences of five scientists***, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. * ***Based onto the experiences of five scientists***, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face. ## Footnote این کتاب بر اساس تجربیات پنج دانشمند، نگاه اجمالی نادری از چالش‌هایی را که یک محقق پیشرو می‌تواند با آن روبرو شود، ارائه می‌کند.

Question 50

# 49. 1. We couldn't play soccer outdoors **because the rain**, so we moved the game inside. 2. We couldn't play soccer outdoors **because of the rain**, so we moved the game inside.

Answer 50

of Construction: _because of_+ noun/gerund Correct: * We couldn't play soccer outdoors **because of the rain**, so we moved the game inside. Incorrect: * We couldn't play soccer outdoors ***because the rain***, so we moved the game inside. ## Footnote به دلیل باران نمی توانستیم در فضای باز فوتبال بازی کنیم، بنابراین بازی را به داخل منتقل کردیم. Note: "Because of" functions as a preposition and introduces a prepositional phrase that acts adverbially, expressing why something is true.

Question 51

# 50. 1. Her **belief of ghosts** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe of ghosts. 2. Her **belief on ghosts** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not **believe on ghosts**. 3. Her **belief as to ghosts** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not **believe regarding ghosts**. 4. Her **belief in ghosts** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not **believe in ghosts**.

Answer 51

in Construction: _belief/believe in_ + noun Correct: * Her **belief in ghosts** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not **believe in ghosts**. Incorrect: * Her ***belief of ghosts*** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe of ghosts. * Her ***belief on ghosts*** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not ***believe on ghosts***. * Her ***belief as to ghosts*** made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not ***believe regarding ghosts***. ## Footnote اعتقاد او به ارواح باعث شده بود که شب را در چنین خانه قدیمی برای او ترسناک کند، اما مهمانان دیگر به ارواح اعتقاد نداشتند.

Question 52

# 51. 1. There are still some conspiracy theorists who **believe in the moon landing was staged**. 2. There are still some conspiracy theorists who **believe that the moon landing was staged**. 3. There are still some conspiracy theorists who **believe in that the moon landing was staged**.

Answer 52

that Construction: _believe that_+ clause Correct: * There are still some conspiracy theorists who **believe that the moon landing was staged**. Incorrect: * There are still some conspiracy theorists who ***believe in the moon landing was staged***. * There are still some conspiracy theorists who ***believe in that the moon landing was staged***. ## Footnote هنوز برخی از نظریه پردازان توطئه وجود دارند که معتقدند فرود روی ماه صحنه سازی شده است.

Question 53

# 52. 1. Fire department officials **believed in faulty wiring to be the cause** of the explosion. 2. Fire department officials **believed faulty wiring as being the cause** of the explosion. 3. Fire department officials **believed in faulty wiring as the cause** of the explosion. 4. Fire department officials **believed faulty wiring to be the cause** of the explosion.

Answer 53

to be Construction: _believe X to be Y_; _is believed to be_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Fire department officials **believed faulty wiring to be the cause** of the explosion. Incorrect: * Fire department officials ***believed in faulty wiring to be the cause*** of the explosion. * Fire department officials ***believed faulty wiring as being the cause*** of the explosion. * Fire department officials ***believed in faulty wiring as the cause*** of the explosion. ## Footnote مسئولان آتش نشانی علت این انفجار را سیم کشی معیوب می دانند.

Question 54

# 53. 1. Many of her supporters would **benefit from her plan** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. 2. Many of her supporters would **benefit resulting from her plan** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. 3. Many of her supporters would **benefit by her plan** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. 4. Many of her supporters would **benefit out of her plan** to expand tax breaks for the middle class.

Answer 54

from Construction: _benefit from_ + noun/gerund Correct: * Many of her supporters would **benefit from her plan** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. Incorrect: * Many of her supporters would ***benefit resulting from her plan*** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. * Many of her supporters would ***benefit by her plan*** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. * Many of her supporters would ***benefit out of her plan*** to expand tax breaks for the middle class. ## Footnote بسیاری از حامیان او از طرح او برای گسترش معافیت های مالیاتی برای طبقه متوسط سود می برند.

Question 55

# 54. 1. There is nothing **better compared to a glass** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are **worse things besides water**. 2. There is nothing **better than a glass** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are **worse things than water**. 3. There is nothing **better as a glass** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are **worse things as water**. 4. There is nothing **better rather than a glass** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are **worse things rather than water**.

Answer 55

than Construction: _better than_+ noun/gerund; _better X than Y_ Correct: * There is nothing **better than a glass** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are **worse things than water**. Incorrect: * There is nothing ***better compared to a glass*** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are ***worse things besides water***. * There is nothing ***better as a glass*** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are ***worse things as water***. * There is nothing ***better rather than a glass*** of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are ***worse things rather than water***. ## Footnote هیچ چیز بهتر از یک لیوان چای سرد در یک روز گرم تابستانی نیست، اما چیزهایی بدتر از آب وجود دارد. Note: This construction is also valid for the following: **worse than**, **greater than**, **less than**, **more than**, **larger than**, **smaller than**, **sooner than**.

Question 56

# 55. 1. The couple couldn't decide **between a DJ and a band** for their wedding, so they flipped a coin. 2. The couple couldn't decide **between a DJ or a band** for their wedding, so they flipped a coin. 3. The couple couldn't decide **between a DJ or else a band** for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.

Answer 56

... and Construction: _between X and Y_ Correct: * The couple couldn't decide **between a DJ and a band** for their wedding, so they flipped a coin. Incorrect: * The couple couldn't decide ***between a DJ or a band*** for their wedding, so they flipped a coin. * The couple couldn't decide ***between a DJ or else a band*** for their wedding, so they flipped a coin. ## Footnote این زوج نمی توانستند بین یک دی جی و یک گروه برای عروسی خود تصمیم بگیرند، بنابراین یک سکه انداختند.

Question 57

# 56. 1. His success was **born of hard work**. 2. His success was **born out from hard work**.

Answer 57

of Construction: _born of_+ noun Correct: * His success was **born of hard work**. Incorrect: * His success was ***born out from hard work***. | موفقیت او زاییده سخت کوشی بود. ## Footnote Note: Means "a result of.”

Question 58

# 57. 1. Material from **both the readings as well as the class discussion** will be covered on the test. 2. Material from **both the readings and the class discussion** will be covered on the test. 3. Material from **both the readings in addition to the class discussion** will be covered on the test.

Answer 58

... and Construction: _both X and Y_ Correct: * Material from **both the readings and the class discussion** will be covered on the test. Incorrect: * Material from ***both the readings as well as the class discussion*** will be covered on the test. * Material from ***both the readings in addition to the class discussion*** will be covered on the test. | مطالب مربوط به خواندن و بحث کلاس در آزمون پوشش داده خواهد شد.

Question 59

# 58. 1. Recent studies show that humans are far less **capable for multitasking** than people previously believed. 2. Recent studies show that humans are far less **capable about multitasking** than people previously believed. 3. Recent studies show that humans are far less **capable of multitasking** than people previously believed. 4. Recent studies show that humans are far less **capable to multitask** than people previously believed.

Answer 59

of Construction: _capable of_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Recent studies show that humans are far less **capable of multitasking** than people previously believed. Incorrect: * Recent studies show that humans are far less ***capable for multitasking*** than people previously believed. * Recent studies show that humans are far less ***capable about multitasking*** than people previously believed. * Recent studies show that humans are far less ***capable to multitask*** than people previously believed. ## Footnote مطالعات اخیر نشان می‌دهد که انسان‌ها به مراتب کمتر از آنچه که قبلاً تصور می‌شد، توانایی انجام چند کار را دارند.

Question 60

# 59. 1. The discussion **centered around fracking's environmental impact**. 2. The discussion **centered on fracking's environmental impact**. 3. The discussion **centered onto fracking's environmental impact**. 4. The discussion **centered in fracking's environmental impact**.

Answer 60

on Construction: _center on_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The discussion **centered on fracking's environmental impact**. Incorrect: * The discussion ***centered around fracking's environmental impact***. * The discussion ***centered onto fracking's environmental impact***. * The discussion ***centered in fracking's environmental impact***. | بحث بر روی تاثیرات زیست محیطی فرکینگ متمرکز بود.

Question 61

# 60. 1. The prix fixe offered a **choice for three main courses**. 2. The prix fixe offered a **choice about three main courses**. 3. The prix fixe offered a **choice of three main courses**. 4. The prix fixe offered a **choice as to three main courses**.

Answer 61

of Construction: _choice of_+ noun Correct: * The prix fixe offered a **choice of three main courses**. Incorrect: * The prix fixe offered a ***choice for three main courses***. * The prix fixe offered a ***choice about three main courses***. * The prix fixe offered a ***choice as to three main courses***. | فیکس جایزه انتخابی از سه کورس اصلی را ارائه می‌کرد.

Question 62

# 61. 1. The actor **chose a brightly colored suit from the designer's fall collection**. 2. The actor **chose a brightly colored suit among the designer's fall collection**.

Answer 62

from Construction: _choose from_+ noun; _choose X from Y_ Correct: * The actor **chose a brightly colored suit from the designer's fall collection**. ## Footnote این بازیگر کت و شلواری با رنگ روشن از مجموعه پاییزی این طراح انتخاب کرده است.

Question 63

# 62. 1. The actor **chose to practice** his lines without the aid of a teleprompter. 2. The actor **chose on practicing** his lines without the aid of a teleprompter. 3. The actor **chose about practicing** his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.

Answer 63

to Construction: _choose to_ + **base verb**; _choose X to Y_ Correct: * The actor **chose to practice** his lines without the aid of a teleprompter. Incorrect: * The actor ***chose on practicing*** his lines without the aid of a teleprompter. * The actor ***chose about practicing*** his lines without the aid of a teleprompter. ## Footnote این بازیگر تصمیم گرفت خطوط دیالوگ خود را بدون کمک تله پرومتر تمرین کند.

Question 64

# 63. 1. The cars **collided into each other** in the intersection. 2. The cars **collided with each other** in the intersection. 3. The cars **collided on each other** in the intersection. 4. The cars **collided to each other** in the intersection. | kəˈlaɪd

Answer 64

with Construction: _collide with_ + noun Correct: * The cars **collided with each other** in the intersection. Incorrect: * The cars ***collided into each other*** in the intersection. * The cars ***collided on each other*** in the intersection. * The cars ***collided to each other*** in the intersection. | خودروها در چهارراه با یکدیگر برخورد کردند.

Question 65

# 64. 1. The police commissioner refused to **comment into an active investigation**. 2. The police commissioner refused to **comment on an active investigation**. 3. The police commissioner refused to **comment as to an active investigation**.

Answer 65

on Construction: _comment on_ + noun/gerund Correct: * The police commissioner refused to **comment on an active investigation**. Incorrect: * The police commissioner refused to ***comment into an active investigation***. * The police commissioner refused to ***comment as to an active investigation***. ## Footnote کمیسر پلیس از اظهار نظر در مورد تحقیقات فعال خودداری کرد.

Question 66

# 65. 1. After they **compared the new model with the old one**, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred. 2. After they **compared between the new model and the old one**, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred. 3. After they **compared the new model from the old one**, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.

Answer 66

with Construction: _compare X with Y_ Correct: * After they **compared the new model with the old one**, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred. Incorrect: * After they ***compared between the new model and the old one***, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred. * After they ***compared the new model from the old one***, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred. ## Footnote پس از مقایسه مدل جدید با مدل قبلی، بازبینان مطمئن نبودند که کدام را ترجیح می دهند. Note: When we compare X with Y, we compare two items and consider their similarities and differences.

Question 67

# 66. 1. The young artist is already being **compared as being like Dali**. 2. The young artist is already being **compared to Dali**.

Answer 67

to Construction: _compare X to Y_ Correct: * The young artist is already being **compared to Dali**. Incorrect: * The young artist is already being ***compared as being like Dali***. | این هنرمند جوان در حال حاضر با دالی مقایسه شده است. ## Footnote Note: When we compare X to Y, generally we are expressing that X is similar to Y. However, people also use "compare X to Y" in the same way as they use "compare X with Y," to express that two items are being compared and their similarities and differences are being considered.

Question 68

# 67. 1. **Olive oil combined along with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon** makes a delicious salad dressing. 2. **Olive oil combined to balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon** makes a delicious salad dressing. 1. **Olive oil combined with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon** makes a delicious salad dressing.

Answer 68

with Construction: _combine X with Y_; _X combines with Y_ Correct: * **Olive oil combined with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon** makes a delicious salad dressing. Incorrect: * ***Olive oil combined along with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon*** makes a delicious salad dressing. * ***Olive oil combined to balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon*** makes a delicious salad dressing. ## Footnote روغن زیتون همراه با سرکه بالزامیک و لیموی تازه یک سس سالاد خوشمزه می سازد.

Question 69

# 68. 1. Political opponents must reach across the aisle to address **the concerns that are common regarding all of us**. 2. Political opponents must reach across **the aisle to address the concerns that are common to all of us**.

Answer 69

to Construction: _X is *common to* Y_ Correct: * Political opponents must reach across **the aisle to address the concerns that are common to all of us**. Incorrect: * Political opponents must reach across the aisle to address ***the concerns that are common regarding all of us***. ## Footnote *Note: "Common to" is used to mean "shared by."* رقبای سیاسی باید برای رفع نگرانی‌هایی که برای همه ما مشترک است، به یک مصالحه متقابل برسند.

Question 70

# 69. 1. **Natasha had nothing in common with her coworkers**, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour. 2. **Natasha had nothing in common to her coworkers**, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour. 3. **Natasha had nothing in common along with her coworkers**, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.

Answer 70

with Construction: _X [has] Y in common with Z_ Correct: * **Natasha had nothing in common with her coworkers**, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour. Incorrect: * ***Natasha had nothing in common to her coworkers***, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour. * ***Natasha had nothing in common along with her coworkers***, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour. ## Footnote ناتاشا هیچ وجه اشتراکی با همکارانش نداشت، بنابراین در هپی آور تا حدودی احساس ناراحتی می کرد.

Question 71

# 70. 1. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to **compensate about the late start**. 2. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to **compensate for the late start**. 3. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to **compensate as to the late start**. 4. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to **compensate in light of the late start**.

Answer 71

for Construction: _compensate for_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to **compensate for the late start**. Incorrect: * The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to ***compensate about the late start***. * The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to ***compensate as to the late start***. * The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to ***compensate in light of the late start***. ## Footnote برای جبران تاخیر شروع جلسه نیم ساعت دیرتر از موعد مقرر به پایان رسید.

Question 72

# 71. 1. If you don't **comply to the officer's instructions**, you may be charged with resisting arrest. 2. If you don't **comply about the officer's instructions**, you may be charged with resisting arrest. 3. If you don't **comply with the officer's instructions**, you may be charged with resisting arrest. 4. If you don't **comply along with the officer's instructions**, you may be charged with resisting arrest. | kəmˈplaɪ

Answer 72

with Construction: _comply with_+ noun Correct: * If you don't **comply with the officer's instructions**, you may be charged with resisting arrest. Incorrect: * If you don't ***comply to the officer's instructions***, you may be charged with resisting arrest. * If you don't ***comply about the officer's instructions***, you may be charged with resisting arrest. * If you don't ***comply along with the officer's instructions***, you may be charged with resisting arrest. | to do what you have to do or are asked to do ## Footnote اگر از دستورات افسر تبعیت نکنید، ممکن است به «مقاومت در برابر دستگیری» متهم شوید.

Question 73

# 72. 1. The city council was **composed of residents** of all ages and backgrounds. 2. The city council was **composed from residents** of all ages and backgrounds. 3. The city council was **composed by residents** of all ages and backgrounds.

Answer 73

of Construction: _composed of_+ noun Correct: * The city council was **composed of residents** of all ages and backgrounds. Incorrect: * The city council was ***composed from residents*** of all ages and backgrounds. * The city council was ***composed by residents*** of all ages and backgrounds. | شورای شهر متشکل از ساکنان با هر سن و پیشینه بود ## Footnote Note: Means "made up of.”

Question 74

# 73. 1. The metropolitan area **comprises the city and five surrounding counties**. 2. The metropolitan area **comprises with the city and five surrounding counties**. | kəmˈpraɪzez

Answer 74

Construction: _comprises_+ noun Correct: * The metropolitan area **comprises the city and five surrounding counties**. ## Footnote Note: Means "includes," "contains," or "consists of.”

Question 75

# 74. 1. The board was more **concerned on passing** a balanced budget than on anything else on the agenda. 2. The board was more **concerned in passing** a balanced budget than in anything else on the agenda. 3. The board was more **concerned to pass** a balanced budget than anything else on the agenda. 4. The board was more **concerned with passing** a balanced budget than with anything else on the agenda.

Answer 75

with Construction: _concerned with_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The board was more **concerned with passing** a balanced budget than with anything else on the agenda. Incorrect: * The board was more ***concerned on passing*** a balanced budget than on anything else on the agenda. * The board was more ***concerned in passing*** a balanced budget than in anything else on the agenda. * The board was more ***concerned to pass*** a balanced budget * than anything else on the agenda. ## Footnote هیئت مدیره بیش از هر چیز دیگری که در دستور کار بود، به تصویب یک بودجه متوازن توجه داشت. Note: Indicates a focus on or interest in something (as opposed to a worry about something).

Question 76

# 75. 1. Such harsh rhetoric is not **conducive for productive debate** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. 2. Such harsh rhetoric is not **conducive to productive debate** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. 3. Such harsh rhetoric is not **conducive of productive debate** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. 4. Such harsh rhetoric is not **conducive to productively debate** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. | kənˈduːsɪv

Answer 76

to Construction: _conducive to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Such harsh rhetoric is not **conducive to productive debate** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. Incorrect: * Such harsh rhetoric is not ***conducive for productive debate*** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. * Such harsh rhetoric is not ***conducive of productive debate*** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. * Such harsh rhetoric is not ***conducive to productively debate*** and is unlikely to lead to compromise. ## Footnote چنین لفاظی های تند برای بحث های سازنده مناسب نیست و بعید است که منجر به سازش شود.

Question 77

# 76. 1. Avant-garde artists do not **conform into social and cultural trends**, and thus are often viewed as controversial. 2. Avant-garde artists do not **conform regarding social and cultural trends**, and thus are often viewed as controversial. 3. Avant-garde artists do not **conform to social and cultural trends**, and thus are often viewed as controversial. | kənˈfɔːrm

Answer 77

to Construction: _conform to_+ noun Correct: * Avant-garde artists do not **conform to social and cultural trends**, and thus are often viewed as controversial. Incorrect: * Avant-garde artists do not ***conform into social and cultural trends***, and thus are often viewed as controversial. * Avant-garde artists do not ***conform regarding social and cultural trends***, and thus are often viewed as controversial. ## Footnote هنرمندان آوانگارد از روندهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی تبعیت نمی کنند و بنابراین اغلب بحث برانگیز تلقی می شوند. Note: Means "be or act in accordance with." Widely considered interchangeable with "conform with.”

Question 78

# 77. 1. All articles submitted for publication must **conform under this format**. 2. All articles submitted for publication must **conform with this format**. 3. All articles submitted for publication must **conform onto this format**. ## Footnote match or fit

Answer 78

with Construction: _conform with_ + noun Correct: * All articles submitted for publication must **conform with this format**. Incorrect: * All articles submitted for publication must ***conform under this format***. * All articles submitted for publication must ***conform onto this format***. | کلیه مقالات ارسال شده برای چاپ باید با این قالب مطابقت داشته باشد. ## Footnote Note: Means "match or fit with." Widely considered interchangeable with "conform to.”

Question 79

# 78. 1. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a **consequence from the corporate restructuring**. 2. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a **consequence of the corporate restructuring**. 3. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a **consequence because of the corporate restructuring**. 4. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a **consequence to the corporate restructuring**.

Answer 79

of Construction: _consequence of_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a **consequence of the corporate restructuring**. Incorrect: * Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a ***consequence from the corporate restructuring***. * Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a ***consequence because of the corporate restructuring***. * Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a ***consequence to the corporate restructuring***. ## Footnote تعداد زیادی از کارکنان سطح متوسط در نتیجه تجدید ساختار شرکت اخراج شدند.

Question 80

# 79 1. Pundits **consider the referendum likely to pass** with overwhelming support. 2. Pundits **consider the referendum to be likely to pass** with overwhelming support. 3. Pundits **consider the referendum as being to pass** with overwhelming support. 4. Pundits **consider that the referendum is likely to pass** with overwhelming support.

Answer 80

Construction: Consider X [**BLANK**] Y _consider+ noun/gerund_ +[characteristic/thing] Correct: * Pundits **consider the referendum likely to pass** with overwhelming support. Incorrect: * Pundits ***consider the referendum to be likely to pass*** with overwhelming support. * Pundits ***consider the referendum as being to pass*** with overwhelming support. * Pundits ***consider that the referendum is likely to pass*** with overwhelming support. ## Footnote کارشناسان احتمال می دهند که همه پرسی با حمایت قاطع به تصویب برسد.

Question 81

# 80. 1. The reading list **consisted about both novels and nonfiction works** on the Soviet era. 2. The reading list **consisted with both novels and nonfiction works** on the Soviet era. 3. The reading list **consisted of both novels and nonfiction works** on the Soviet era.

Answer 81

of Construction: _consist of_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The reading list **consisted of both novels and nonfiction works** on the Soviet era. Incorrect: * The reading list ***consisted about both novels and nonfiction works*** on the Soviet era. * The reading list ***consisted with both novels and nonfiction works*** on the Soviet era. | فهرست مطالعه شامل رمان‌ها و آثار غیرداستانی مربوط به دوران شوروی بود.

Question 82

# 81. 1. The shattered window was **consistent to a break-in**. 2. The shattered window was **consistent with a break-in**. 3. The shattered window was **consistent of a break-in**.

Answer 82

with Construction: _consistent with_+ noun/gerund Correct: * The shattered window was **consistent with a break-in**. Incorrect: * The shattered window was ***consistent to a break-in***. * The shattered window was ***consistent of a break-in***. | پنجره لرزیده با یک شکستگی درونی مانده بود. ## Footnote if a fact, idea etc is consistent with another one, it seems to match it

Question 83

# 82. 1. The soldiers **continued to advance** through the wilderness as night fell. 2. The soldiers **continued in advancing** through the wilderness as night fell. 3. The soldiers **continued at advancing** through the wilderness as night fell.

Answer 83

to Construction: _continue to_+ **base verb** Correct: * The soldiers **continued to advance** through the wilderness as night fell. Incorrect: * The soldiers ***continued in advancing*** through the wilderness as night fell. * The soldiers ***continued at advancing*** through the wilderness as night fell. ## Footnote با فرا رسیدن شب، سربازان به پیشروی در بیابان ادامه دادند.

Question 84

# 83. 1. If you **contrast his findings against those** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. 2. If you **contrast his findings from those** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. 3. If you **contrast his findings along with those** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. 4. If you **contrast his findings with those** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. | ˈkɑːntræst

Answer 84

with Construction: _contrast X with Y_; _X contrasts with Y_ Correct: * If you **contrast his findings with those** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. Incorrect: * If you ***contrast his findings against those*** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. * If you ***contrast his findings from those*** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. * If you ***contrast his findings along with those*** of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary. ## Footnote اگر یافته های او را با یافته های مطالعات قبلی مقایسه کنید، خواهید دید که تحقیقات بیشتر ضروری است.

Question 85

# 84. 1. The executive order stands **in stark contrast to the president's campaign promise**. 2. The executive order stands **in stark contrast against the president's campaign promise**. 3. The executive order stands **in stark contrast compared to the president's campaign promise**. 4. The executive order stands **in stark contrast from the president's campaign promise**.

Answer 85

to Construction: _in contrast to_+ noun; _in contrast to X, Y_ Correct: * The executive order stands **in stark contrast to the president's campaign promise**. Incorrect: * The executive order stands ***in stark contrast against the president's campaign promise***. * The executive order stands ***in stark contrast compared to the president's campaign promise***. * The executive order stands ***in stark contrast from the president's campaign promise***. ## Footnote فرمان اجرایی کاملاً در تضاد با وعده تبلیغاتی رئیس جمهور است.

Question 86

# 85. 1. Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly **contributed for the end** of the Cold War. 2. Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly **contributed as to the end** of the Cold War. 3. Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly **contributed to the end** of the Cold War. 4. Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly **contributed into the end** of the Cold War.

Answer 86

to Construction: _contribute to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly **contributed to the end** of the Cold War. Incorrect: * Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly ***contributed for the end*** of the Cold War. * Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly ***contributed as to the end*** of the Cold War. * Gorbachev's glasnost policy greatly ***contributed into the end*** of the Cold War. ## Footnote سیاست گلاسنوست گورباچف کمک زیادی به پایان جنگ سرد کرد.

Question 87

# 86. 1. **Contrary from popular belief**, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. 2. **Contrary against popular belief**, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. 3. **Contrary to popular belief**, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. 4. **Contrary of popular belief**, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. | ˈkɑːntreri

Answer 87

to Construction: _contrary to_+ noun Correct: * **Contrary to popular belief**, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. Incorrect: * ***Contrary from popular belief***, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. * ***Contrary against popular belief***, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. * ***Contrary of popular belief***, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand. ## Footnote برخلاف تصور رایج، مرواریدها معمولاً از دانه های شن تشکیل نمی شوند.

Question 88

# 87. 1. The human body **converts carbohydrates to glucose** for energy. 2. The human body **converts carbohydrates over to glucose** for energy.

Answer 88

to Construction: _convert X to Y_; _convert to_+ noun Correct: * The human body **converts carbohydrates to glucose** for energy. Incorrect: * The human body ***converts carbohydrates over to glucose*** for energy. | بدن انسان کربوهیدرات ها را برای انرژی به گلوکز تبدیل می کند.

Question 89

# 88. 1. Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn't **convinced that she will be able to stick with it**. 2. Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn't **convincing that she will be able to stick with it**.

Answer 89

that Construction: _convince [someone] that+ noun clause_; _is convinced that_+ noun clause Correct: * Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn't **convinced that she will be able to stick with it**. Incorrect: * Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn't ***convincing that she will be able to stick with it***. ## Footnote اگرچه رشیدا برنامه تمرینی خود را دوست دارد، اما متقاعد نشده است که بتواند به آن پایبند باشد.

Question 90

# 89. 1. Andrei's best friend **convinced him into joining** the organization. 2. Andrei's best friend **convinced him as to joining** the organization. 3. Andrei's best friend **convinced him on joining** the organization. 4. Andrei's best friend **convinced him to join** the organization.

Answer 90

to Construction: _convince [someone] to_+ **base verb** Correct: * Andrei's best friend **convinced him to join** the organization. Incorrect: * Andrei's best friend ***convinced him into joining*** the organization. * Andrei's best friend ***convinced him as to joining*** the organization. * Andrei's best friend ***convinced him on joining*** the organization. ## Footnote بهترین دوست آندری او را متقاعد کرد که به سازمان بپیوندد.

Question 91

# 90. 1. The number of ballots counted did not **correspond given the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done. 2. The number of ballots counted did not **correspond to the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done. 3. The number of ballots counted did not **correspond in the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done. 4. The number of ballots counted did not **correspond along with the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done. | ˌkɑːrɪəˈspɑːnd,

Answer 91

to Construction: _correspond to_+ noun Correct: * The number of ballots counted did not **correspond to the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done. Incorrect: * *The number of ballots counted did not **correspond given the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.* * *The number of ballots counted did not **correspond in the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.* * *The number of ballots counted did not **correspond along with the number** of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.* ## Footnote تعداد آرای شمارش شده با تعداد امضاهای فهرست رای دهندگان مطابقت نداشت، بنابراین بازشماری انجام شد. Note: Means "match" or "be equivalent/analogous to" (as opposed to an exchange of communications, i.e., "correspond with”).

Question 92

# 91. 1. As the **cost for college** continued to rise, the **cost from families** became untenable. 2. As the **cost of college** continued to rise, the **cost to families** became untenable

Answer 92

of/to Construction: _cost of/to_+ noun/gerund Correct: * As the **cost of college** continued to rise, the **cost to families** became untenable. Incorrect: * As the ***cost for college*** continued to rise, the ***cost from families*** became untenable. | Untenable: so difficult that it is impossible to continue ## Footnote با افزایش هزینه های دانشگاه، هزینه های خانواده ها غیرقابل تحمل شد.

Question 93

# 92. 1. Although Alexander Graham Bell is **credited in inventing the telephone**, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. 2. Although Alexander Graham Bell is **credited for inventing the telephone**, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. 3. Although Alexander Graham Bell is **credited to have invented the telephone**, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. 4. Although Alexander Graham Bell is **credited with inventing the telephone**, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.

Answer 93

with Construction: _credit X with Y_; _credit with_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Although Alexander Graham Bell is **credited with inventing the telephone**, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. Incorrect: * Although Alexander Graham Bell is ***credited in inventing the telephone***, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. * Although Alexander Graham Bell is ***credited for inventing the telephone***, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. * Although Alexander Graham Bell is ***credited to have invented the telephone***, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent. ## Footnote اگرچه الکساندر گراهام بل به عنوان اختراع تلفن شناخته می شود، آنتونیو میوچی چندین سال قبل از ثبت اختراع خود، طرحی را برای تلفن ایجاد کرد.

Question 94

# 93. 1. Sandy **took credit about the creation of the algorithm**, but it was actually a group effort. 2. Sandy **took credit for the creation of the algorithm**, but it was actually a group effort. 3. Sandy **took credit as to the creation of the algorithm**, but it was actually a group effort. 4. Sandy **took credit that she created the algorithm**, but it was actually a group effort.

Answer 94

for Construction: **verb**+ _credit for_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Sandy **took credit for the creation of the algorithm**, but it was actually a group effort. Incorrect: * Sandy ***took credit about the creation of the algorithm***, but it was actually a group effort. * Sandy ***took credit as to the creation of the algorithm***, but it was actually a group effort. * Sandy ***took credit that she created the algorithm***, but it was actually a group effort. ## Footnote سندی اعتبار ایجاد این الگوریتم را بر عهده گرفت، اما در واقع این یک تلاش گروهی بود. Note: Frequently preceded by the verbs "give" (e.g., give X credit for Y) or "take" (e.g., take credit for X).

Question 95

# 94. 1. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is **a credit to the organization**. 2. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is **a credit with the organization**. 3. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is **a credit at the organization**. 4. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is **a credit for the organization**.

Answer 95

to Construction: _a credit to_+ noun Correct: * Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is **a credit to the organization**. Incorrect: * Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is ***a credit with the organization***. * Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is ***a credit at the organization***. * Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is ***a credit for the organization***. ## Footnote دن، که وضعیت را به خوبی مدیریت کرده است، برای سازمان یک اعتبار است.

Question 96

# 95. 1. The fossil was **dated at 350 million years old**. 2. The fossil was **dated as being 350 million years old**. 3. The fossil was **dated to be 350 million years old**. 4. The fossil was **dated that it was 350 million years old**.

Answer 96

at Construction: _date_ [thing]+ _at_ [age] Correct: * The fossil was **dated at 350 million years old**. Incorrect: * The fossil was ***dated as being 350 million years old***. * The fossil was ***dated to be 350 million years old***. * The fossil was ***dated that it was 350 million years old***. | قدمت این فسیل 350 میلیون سال است. ## Footnote Note: "Date at" is a rarely used idiom that means "determine to be" (x years old).

Question 97

# 96. 1. Archaeologists have determined that the **vase dates in the 5th century**. 2. Archaeologists have determined that the **vase dates as of the 5th century**. 3. Archaeologists have determined that the **vase dates from the 5th century**. 4. Archaeologists have determined that the **vase dates out of the 5th century**.

Answer 97

from Construction: [thing]+ _dates from_ + [time] Correct: * Archaeologists have determined that the **vase dates from the 5th century**. Incorrect: * Archaeologists have determined that the ***vase dates in the 5th century***. * Archaeologists have determined that the ***vase dates as of the 5th century***. * Archaeologists have determined that the ***vase dates out of the 5th century***. ## Footnote باستان شناسان مشخص کرده اند که قدمت این گلدان به قرن پنجم می رسد. Note: Means "came into being in.”

Question 98

# 97. 1. Aid workers spent months **dealing from the aftermath** of the hurricane. 2. Aid workers spent months **dealing regarding the aftermath** of the hurricane. 3. Aid workers spent months **dealing with the aftermath** of the hurricane.

Answer 98

with Construction: _deal with_+ noun/gerund Correct: * Aid workers spent months **dealing with the aftermath** of the hurricane. Incorrect: * Aid workers spent months ***dealing from the aftermath*** of the hurricane. * Aid workers spent months ***dealing regarding the aftermath*** of the hurricane. ## Footnote امدادگران ماه ها را صرف مقابله با پیامدهای طوفان کردند.

Question 99

# 98. 1. The **debate of how to allocate the revenue** lasted well into the night. 2. The **debate as to how to allocate the revenue** lasted well into the night. 3. The **debate over how to allocate the revenue** lasted well into the night.

Answer 99

on/over Construction: _debate on/over_+ [issue] Correct: * The **debate over how to allocate the revenue** lasted well into the night. Incorrect: * The d***ebate of how to allocate the revenue*** lasted well into the night. * The ***debate as to how to allocate the revenue*** lasted well into the night. ## Footnote بحث در مورد نحوه تخصیص درآمد تا پایان شب ادامه داشت.

Question 100

# 99. 1. His publicist **defended him away from the media onslaught** during his contentious divorce. 2. His publicist **defended him to the media onslaught** during his contentious divorce. 3. His publicist **defended him against the media onslaught** during his contentious divorce. 4. His publicist **defended him from the media onslaught** during his contentious divorce.

Answer 100

against/from Construction: _defend against X_; _defend X against Y_ Correct: * His publicist **defended him against the media onslaught** during his contentious divorce. * His publicist **defended him from the media onslaught** during his contentious divorce. Incorrect: * His publicist ***defended him away from the media onslaught*** during his contentious divorce. * His publicist ***defended him to the media onslaught*** during his contentious divorce. ## Footnote مشاور مطبوعاتی اش از او در برابر هجوم رسانه‌ها در طول طلاق جنجالی‌اش دفاع کرد. مشاور مطبوعاتی اش او در جریان طلاق مشاجره‌آمیزش از او در برابر هجوم رسانه‌ها دفاع کرد.

Question 101

# 100. 1. Many **define healing as being** attaining a state of harmony. 2. Many **define healing to be** attaining a state of harmony. 3. Many **define healing as** attaining a state of harmony. 4. Many **define healing is** attaining a state of harmony.

Answer 101

as Construction: _define X as Y_; _define as+ noun_ Correct: * Many define healing as **attaining a state of harmony**. Incorrect: * Many define healing as being ***attaining a state of harmony***. * Many define healing to be ***attaining a state of harmony***. * Many define healing is ***attaining a state of harmony***. | بسیاری شفا را رسیدن به حالت هماهنگی تعریف می کنند. ## Footnote Note: Similar verbs that take this construction include the following: **depict**, **perceive**, **regard**, **see**, **view**.

Question 102

# 101. 1. Lena was **delighted from her sister's suggestion** that they split the lottery winnings. 2. Lena was **delighted based on her sister's suggestion** that they split the lottery winnings. 3. Lena was **delighted by her sister's suggestion** that they split the lottery winnings.

Answer 102

by Construction: delighted by+ noun Correct: * Lena was **delighted by her sister's suggestion** that they split the lottery winnings. Incorrect: * Lena was **delighted from her sister's suggestion** that they split the lottery winnings. * Lena was **delighted based on her sister's suggestion** that they split the lottery winnings. | لنا از پیشنهاد خواهرش مبنی بر تقسیم بردهای لاتاری خوشحال شد. ## Footnote Note: "Delighted by" is usually followed by a person or something that someone has done.

Question 103

# 102. 1. Sienna was **delighted from the new technology**. 2. Sienna was **delighted with the new technology**. 3. Sienna was **delighted on the new technology**.

Answer 103

with Construction: delighted with+ noun Correct: * Sienna was **delighted with the new technology**. Incorrect: * Sienna was **delighted from the new technology**. * Sienna was **delighted on the new technology**. | سینا از فناوری جدید خوشحال شد. ## Footnote Note: "Delighted with" is usually followed by an inanimate object or other thing that pleases someone.

Question 104

# 103. 1. The company **demands for all prospective employees to pass a drug test** before a formal offer is made. 2. The company **demands that all prospective employees pass a drug test** before a formal offer is made. 3. The company **demands all prospective employees passing a drug test** before a formal offer is made. 4. The company **demands all prospective employees to pass a drug test** before a formal offer is made.

Answer 104

that Construction: demand _that_+ clause Correct: * The company **demands that all prospective employees pass a drug test** before a formal offer is made. Incorrect: * The company **demands for all prospective employees to pass a drug test** before a formal offer is made. * The company **demands all prospective employees passing a drug test** before a formal offer is made. * The company **demands all prospective employees to pass a drug test** before a formal offer is made. ## Footnote این شرکت خواستار آن است که همه کارمندان بالقوه قبل از ارائه یک پیشنهاد رسمی آزمایش دارو را انجام دهند.

Question 105

# 104. 1. All domesticated dogs **descended of wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant from British royalty**. 2. All domesticated dogs **descended with wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant to British royalty**. 3. All domesticated dogs **descended from wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant of British royalty**. 4. All domesticated dogs **descended down from wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant out of British royalty**.

Answer 105

from / descendant of Construction: X descends _from_ Y; descendant _of_ + noun Correct: * All domesticated dogs **descended from wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant of British royalty**. Incorrect: * All domesticated dogs **descended of wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant from British royalty**. * All domesticated dogs **descended with wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant to British royalty**. * All domesticated dogs **descended down from wolves**, though my dog acts like a **descendant out of British royalty**. ## Footnote همه سگ های اهلی از نسل گرگ ها هستند، اگرچه سگ من مانند یک نواده خانواده سلطنتی بریتانیا رفتار می کند.

Question 106

# 105. 1. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are **desirous for wealth and envious for others' power**. 2. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders **desirous about wealth and envious on others' power**. 3. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders **desirous to get wealth and envious to have others' power**. 4. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are **desirous of wealth and envious of others' power**.

Answer 106

of Construction: desirous of+ noun Correct: * The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are **desirous of wealth and envious of others' power**. Incorrect: * The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are **desirous for wealth and envious for others' power**. * The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders **desirous about wealth and envious on others' power**. * The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders **desirous to get wealth and envious to have others' power**. ## Footnote لفاظی های پوپولیستی دولت های ظالم پرده دودی برای رهبرانی فراهم می کند که تشنه ثروت و به قدرت دیگران هستند. Note: Another adjective that takes this construction is envious.

Question 107

# 106. 1. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined from both nature and nurture**. 2. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined with both nature and nurture**. 3. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined considering both nature and nurture**. 4. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined by both nature and nurture**.

Answer 107

Construction: X is determined by Y Correct: * Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined **by** both nature and nurture**. دانشمندان بر این باورند که هوش فردی هم توسط طبیعت و هم توسط پرورش تعیین می شود Incorrect: * Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined from both nature and nurture**. * Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined with both nature and nurture**. * Scientists believe that individual intelligence is **determined considering both nature and nurture**. ## Footnote دانشمندان بر این باورند که هوش فردی هم توسط طبیعت و هم توسط پرورش تعیین می شود

Question 108

# 107. 1. **IQ tests are very different compared to other types** of exams, and thus **the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs compared to that** of any other exam. 2. **IQ tests are very different from other types** of exams, and thus **the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs from that** of any other exam. 3. **IQ tests are very different as to other types** of exams, and thus **the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs as to that** of any other exam.

Answer 108

from I differ from Construction: Xis different from Y; X differs from Y Correct: * **IQ tests are very different from other types** of exams, and thus **the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs from that** of any other exam. Incorrect: * **IQ tests are very different compared to other types** of exams, and thus **the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs compared to that** of any other exam. * **IQ tests are very different as to other types** of exams, and thus **the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs as to that** of any other exam. ## Footnote تست‌های هوش بسیار متفاوت از انواع دیگر آزمون‌ها هستند و بنابراین روش نمره‌دهی برای تست‌های هوش با هر آزمون دیگری متفاوت است.

Question 109

# 108. 1. Politically conservative citizens **often differ widely as to their beliefs**. 2. Politically conservative citizens **often differ widely in their beliefs**. 3. Politically conservative citizens **often differ widely between their beliefs**.

Answer 109

in Construction: X and Y differ in Z; X differ in Y Correct: * Politically conservative citizens **often differ widely in their beliefs**. Incorrect: * Politically conservative citizens **often differ widely as to their beliefs**. * Politically conservative citizens **often differ widely between their beliefs**. ## Footnote شهروندان محافظه کار سیاسی اغلب در عقایدشان تفاوت های زیادی دارند.

Question 110

# 109. 1. **The difference between investing or speculating** is not clear to many market participants. 2. **The difference as to investing and speculating** is not clear to many market participants. 3. **The difference regarding investing and speculating** is not clear to many market participants 4. **The difference between investing and speculating** is not clear to many market participants.

Answer 110

between Construction: difference _between_ X _and_ Y Correct: * **The difference between investing and speculating** is not clear to many market participants. Incorrect: * **The difference between investing or speculating** is not clear to many market participants. * **The difference as to investing and speculating** is not clear to many market participants. * **The difference regarding investing and speculating** is not clear to many market participants. ## Footnote تفاوت بین سرمایه گذاری و سفته بازی برای بسیاری از فعالان بازار روشن نیست.

Question 111

# 110. 1. Initially, it was **difficult as to assess** the damage because the floodwaters were so high. 2. Initially, it was **difficult in assessing** the damage because the floodwaters were so high. 3. Initially, it was **difficult to assess** the damage because the floodwaters were so high.

Answer 111

to Construction: difficult to+ **base verb** Correct: * Initially, it was **difficult to assess** the damage because the floodwaters were so high. Incorrect: * Initially, it was **difficult as to assess** the damage because the floodwaters were so high. * Initially, it was **difficult in assessing** the damage because the floodwaters were so high. ## Footnote در ابتدا ارزیابی خسارات وارده دشوار بود زیرا سیلاب بسیار زیاد بود.

Question 112

# 111. 1. Sheila tried to **discourage her son about watching** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. 2. Sheila tried to **discourage her son against watching** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. 3. Sheila tried to **discourage her son from watching** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. 4. Sheila tried to **discourage her son not to watch** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.

Answer 112

from Construction: *discourage X from Y; discourage from+ gerund* Correct: * Sheila tried to **discourage her son from watching** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. Incorrect: * Sheila tried to **discourage her son about watching** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. * Sheila tried to **discourage her son against watching** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. * Sheila tried to **discourage her son not to watch** TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood. ## Footnote شیلا سعی کرد پسرش را از تماشای تلویزیون در تمام بعدازظهر **منصرف کند** و به او پیشنهاد داد که با برخی از بچه‌های همسایه فوتبال بازی کند.

Question 113

# 112. 1. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed evidence**. 2. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed of evidence**. 3. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed away evidence**. 4. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed out evidence**.

Answer 113

of Construction: dispose of+ noun Correct: * The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed of evidence**. Incorrect: * The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed evidence**. * The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed away evidence**. * The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer **had improperly disposed out evidence**. ## Footnote قاضی پس از اینکه دفاعیات فاش کرد که افسر تحقیق به طور نامناسبی مدارک را دور ریخته است، اعلام محاکمه کرد.

Question 114

# 113. 1. Children often have trouble **distinguishing right or wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish between lying or telling the truth**. 2. Children often have trouble **distinguishing about right and wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish about lying and telling** the truth. 3. Children often have trouble **distinguishing right from wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish between lying and telling the truth**. 4. Children often have trouble **distinguishing right compared to wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish as to lying and telling the truth.**

Answer 114

between/from Construction: distinguish between X and Y; distinguish X from Y Correct: * Children often have trouble **distinguishing right from wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish between lying and telling the truth**. Incorrect: * Children often have trouble **distinguishing right or wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish between lying or telling the truth**. * Children often have trouble **distinguishing about right and wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish about lying and telling** the truth. * Children often have trouble **distinguishing right compared to wrong**, but they can at least **distinguish as to lying and telling the truth.** ## Footnote کودکان اغلب در تشخیص درست از نادرست مشکل دارند، اما حداقل می توانند بین دروغ گفتن و راستگویی تمایز قائل شوند. Note: "Between" and "from" are also used with the noun form "distinction": distinction between X and Y; distinction of X from Y.

Question 115

# 114. 1. Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent apart from one another**, even varying within cities. 2. Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent away from one another**, even varying within cities. 3. Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent to one another**, even varying within cities. 4. Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent from one another**, even varying within cities.

Answer 115

from Construction: diverge/divergent from + noun Correct: * Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent from one another**, even varying within cities. Incorrect: * Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent apart from one another**, even varying within cities. * Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent away from one another**, even varying within cities. * Within the Northeast U.S., **local accents are surprisingly divergent to one another**, even varying within cities. ## Footnote در شمال شرقی ایالات متحده، لهجه‌های محلی به طرز شگفت‌آوری از یکدیگر متفاوت است، حتی در شهرها نیز متفاوت است.

Question 116

# 115. 1. When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she **draws out of sad experiences** from her own life; in comedic roles, she often **draws inspiration out of her childhood**. 2. When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she **draws on sad experiences** from her own life; in comedic roles, she often **draws inspiration from her childhood.** 3. When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she **draws based on sad experiences** from her own life; in comedic roles, she often **draws inspiration based on her childhood**.

Answer 116

on/from Construction: draw on X; draw X from Y Correct: * When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she **draws on sad experiences** from her own life; in comedic roles, she often **draws inspiration from her childhood.** Incorrect: * When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she **draws out of sad experiences** from her own life; in comedic roles, she often **draws inspiration out of her childhood**. * When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she **draws based on sad experiences** from her own life; in comedic roles, she often **draws inspiration based on her childhood**. ## Footnote او هنگام تست بازیگری برای یک نقش اشک آور، از تجربیات غم انگیز زندگی خود استفاده می کند. در نقش های کمدی، او اغلب از دوران کودکی خود الهام می گیرد.

Question 117

# 116. 1. The growing trend of "cord-cutting" in recent years has been **due from increased competition from streaming services**. 2. The growing trend of "cord-cutting" in recent years has been **due out of increased competition from streaming services**. 3. The growing trend of "cord-cutting" in recent years has been **due to increased competition from streaming services**.

Answer 117

to Construction: due to+ noun Correct: * The growing trend of "cord-cutting" in recent years has been **due to increased competition from streaming services**. Incorrect: * The growing trend of "cord-cutting" in recent years has been **due from increased competition from streaming services**. * The growing trend of "cord-cutting" in recent years has been **due out of increased competition from streaming services**. ## Footnote روند رو به رشد «قطع‌بندی» در سال‌های اخیر به دلیل افزایش رقابت از سوی سرویس‌های استریم بوده است. Note: "Due to" and "because of" cannot be used interchangeably on the GMAT. "Due to" must essentially mean "caused by" in a sentence. Try replacing "due to" with "caused by" to see whether "due to" is correct.

Question 118

# 117. 1. You can **either eat your vegetables or else go to your room; neither your father or else I** will be happy if you choose the latter. 2. You can **either eat your vegetables or otherwise go to your room; neither your father or I** will be happy if you choose the latter. 3. You can **either eat your vegetables, otherwise go to your room; not your father nor I** will be happy if you choose the latter. 4. You can **either eat your vegetables or go to your room; neither your father nor I** will be happy if you choose the latter.

Answer 118

...or / …nor Construction: either X or Y; neither X nor Y Correct: * You can **either eat your vegetables or go to your room; neither your father nor I** will be happy if you choose the latter. Incorrect: * You can **either eat your vegetables or else go to your room; neither your father or else I** will be happy if you choose the latter. * You can **either eat your vegetables or otherwise go to your room; neither your father or I** will be happy if you choose the latter. * You can **either eat your vegetables, otherwise go to your room; not your father nor I** will be happy if you choose the latter. ## Footnote می توانید سبزیجات خود را بخورید یا به اتاق خود بروید. اگر دومی را انتخاب کنی نه من و نه پدرت خوشحال نخواهیم شد.

Question 119

# 118. 1. John was **embarrassed from his parents' public displays of** affection. 2. John was **embarrassed by his parents' public displays of** affection. 3. John was **embarrassed as to his parents' public displays of** affection. 4. John was **embarrassed based on his parents' public displays of** affection.

Answer 119

by Construction: embarrassed by+ noun Correct: * John was **embarrassed by his parents' public displays of** affection. Incorrect: * John was **embarrassed from his parents' public displays of** affection. * John was **embarrassed as to his parents' public displays of** affection. * John was **embarrassed based on his parents' public displays of** affection. ## Footnote جان از جلب توجه متظاهرانه والدینش خجالت کشید. Note: Encouraged and discouraged can also take this construction.

Question 120

# 119. 1. While **employed as being a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as being a bartender** during the summers. 2. While **employed as a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as a bartender** during the summers. 3. While **employed to be a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked in being a bartender** during the summers. 4. While **employed for a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as that of a bartender** during the summers.

Answer 120

as Construction: employ as+ noun Correct: * While **employed as a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as a bartender** during the summers. Incorrect: * While **employed as being a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as being a bartender** during the summers. * While **employed to be a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked in being a bartender** during the summers. * While **employed for a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as that of a bartender** during the summers. ## Footnote بتانی در حالی که به عنوان معلم مهدکودک مشغول به کار بود، تابستان ها نیز به عنوان بارمن کار می کرد. Note: Work also takes this construction. Verb may be conjugated.

Question 121

# 120. 1. The funding increase **enabled the school in purchasing** new textbooks. 2. The funding increase **enabled the school to purchase** new textbooks. 3. The funding increase **enabled the school in the purchase** of new textbooks. 4. The funding increase **enabled the school of purchasing** new textbooks.

Answer 121

to Construction: enable X to Y. Correct: * The funding increase **enabled the school to purchase** new textbooks. Incorrect: * The funding increase **enabled the school in purchasing** new textbooks. * The funding increase **enabled the school in the purchase** of new textbooks. * The funding increase **enabled the school of purchasing** new textbooks. ## Footnote افزایش بودجه مدرسه را قادر به خرید کتاب های درسی جدید کرد.

Question 122

# 121. 1. The boys were **enamored at the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. 2. The boys were **enamored of the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. 3. The boys were **enamored on the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. 4. The boys were **enamored with the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning.

Answer 122

of/with Construction: enamored of/with+ noun Correct: * The boys were **enamored of the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. * The boys were **enamored with the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. Incorrect: * The boys were **enamored at the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. * The boys were **enamored on the puppy** and played fetch with it all morning. ## Footnote پسرها شیفته توله سگ بودند و تمام صبح با او بازی می کردند.

Question 123

# 122. 1. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal to the task**. 2. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal up against the task**. 3. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal in facing the task**. 4. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal for the task**.

Answer 123

to Construction: equal to+ noun Correct: * Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal to the task**. Incorrect: * Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal up against the task**. * Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal in facing the task**. * Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were **equal for the task**. ## Footnote پیروزی در این تورنمنت تمرکز و استقامت باورنکردنی داشت، اما تیم نشان داد که توانایی اش را دارد

Question 124

# 123. 1. The family fortune was **estimated as being nearly a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. 2. The family fortune was **estimated for nearly a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. 3. The family fortune was **estimated to be nearly a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. 4. The family fortune was **estimated near to a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas.

Answer 124

to be Construction: estimate X to be Y Correct: * The family fortune was **estimated to be nearly a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. Incorrect: * The family fortune was **estimated as being nearly a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. * The family fortune was **estimated for nearly a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. * The family fortune was **estimated near to a billion dollars**, but much of the money was invested overseas. ## Footnote ثروت خانواده نزدیک به یک میلیارد دلار تخمین زده شد، اما بسیاری از پول در خارج از کشور سرمایه گذاری شد.

Question 125

# 124. 1. Ruth **expects for her kids to clean** their dishes, so she didn't expect for finding a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work. 2. Ruth **expects as to her kids cleaning** their dishes, so she didn’t **expect as to finding** a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work. 3. Ruth **expects her kids to clean** their dishes, so she didn't **expect to find** a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.

Answer 125

to Construction: expect to + **base verb**; expect X to Y Correct: Ruth **expects her kids to clean** their dishes, so she didn't **expect to find** a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work. Incorrect: Ruth **expects for her kids to clean** their dishes, so she didn't **expect for finding** a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work. Ruth **expects as to her kids cleaning** their dishes, so she didn’t **expect as to finding** a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work. ## Footnote روث از بچه‌هایش انتظار دارد ظرف‌هایشان را تمیز کنند، بنابراین انتظار نداشت وقتی دیر از سر کار به خانه می‌رسد، آشفتگی در آشپزخانه پیدا کند.

Question 126

# 125. 1. The company **expended so much of its annual budget on the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. 2. The company **expended so much of its annual budget for the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. 3. The company **expended so much of its annual budget to the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. 4. The company **expended so much of its annual budget into the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.

Answer 126

on Construction: expend [time/resource]+ on [activity/thing] Correct: * The company **expended so much of its annual budget on the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. Incorrect: * The company **expended so much of its annual budget for the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. * The company **expended so much of its annual budget to the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. * The company **expended so much of its annual budget into the marketing campaign** that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees. ## Footnote این شرکت آنقدر از بودجه سالانه خود را صرف کمپین بازاریابی کرد که دیگر پولی برای دادن پاداش تعطیلات به کارمندان باقی نماند.

Question 127

# 126. 1. I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand onto those in need** and **expose their children into other ways of life**. 2. I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand regarding those in need** and **expose their children regarding other ways of life**. 3. I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand to those in need** and **expose their children to other ways of life**. 4. I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand as to those in need** and **expose their children as to other ways of life**.

Answer 127

to Construction: extend X to Y; extend to + noun Correct: * I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand to those in need** and **expose their children to other ways of life**. Incorrect: * I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand onto those in need** **and expose their children into other ways of life**. * I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand regarding those in need** and **expose their children regarding other ways of life**. * I admire celebrities who **extend a helping hand as to those in need** and **expose their children as to other ways of life**. ## Footnote من افراد مشهوری را تحسین می کنم که دست یاری به سوی نیازمندان دراز می کنند و فرزندان خود را در معرض شیوه های دیگر زندگی قرار می دهند. Note: The verbs expose and explain can also take this construction.

Question 128

# 127. 1. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent as to Charles Manson's madness**. 2. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent in regard to Charles Manson's madness**. 3. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent of Charles Manson's madness**. 4. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent about Charles Manson's madness**.

Answer 128

of Construction: extent of+ noun Correct: * The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent of Charles Manson's madness**. Incorrect: * The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent as to Charles Manson's madness**. * The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent in regard to Charles Manson's madness**. * The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full **extent about Charles Manson's madness**. ## Footnote مصاحبه‌ها که طی سال‌ها انجام شد، گستره کامل جنون چارلز منسون را نشان داد.

Question 129

# 128. 1. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes for a more comfortable pair**. 2. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair**. 3. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair**. 4. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes into a more comfortable pair**.

Answer 129

for Construction: exchange X for Y; exchange for+ noun Correct: * He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes for a more comfortable pair**. Incorrect: * He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair**. * He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair**. * He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he **exchanged the shoes into a more comfortable pair**. ## Footnote او می‌دانست که بیشتر شب روی پا خواهد بود، بنابراین کفش‌ها را با یک جفت راحت‌تر عوض کرد.

Question 130

# 129. 1. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar about Beethoven's Fifth.** 2. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar as to Beethoven's Fifth.** 3. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar regarding Beethoven's Fifth.** 4. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar with Beethoven's Fifth.**

Answer 130

with Construction: familiar with+ noun Correct: * Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar with Beethoven's Fifth.** Incorrect: * Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar about Beethoven's Fifth.** * Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar as to Beethoven's Fifth.** * Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn't even **familiar regarding Beethoven's Fifth.** ## Footnote قبل از گذراندن دوره موسیقی کلاسیک، او حتی با قطعه پنجم بتهوون آشنا نبود.

Question 131

# 130. 1. Frannie is particularly **fascinated by string theory.** 2. Frannie is particularly **fascinated on string theory.** 3. Frannie is particularly **fascinated about string theory.** 4. Frannie is particularly **fascinated with string theory.**

Answer 131

by/with Construction: fascinated by/with + noun Correct: * Frannie is particularly **fascinated by string theory.** * Frannie is particularly **fascinated with string theory.** Incorrect: * Frannie is particularly **fascinated on string theory.** * Frannie is particularly **fascinated about string theory.** ## Footnote فرانی به ویژه شیفته نظریه ریسمان است.

Question 132

# 131. 1. Frannie's **fascination with physics** isn't limited to controversial theories. 2. Frannie's **fascination on physics** isn't limited to controversial theories. 3. Frannie's **fascination about physics** isn't limited to controversial theories.

Answer 132

with Construction: fascination with+ noun Correct: * Frannie's **fascination with physics** isn't limited to controversial theories. Incorrect: * Frannie's **fascination on physics** isn't limited to controversial theories. * Frannie's **fascination about physics** isn't limited to controversial theories. ## Footnote شیفتگی فرانی به فیزیک به نظریه های بحث برانگیز محدود نمی شود.

Question 133

# 132. 1. Recent **fluctuations to the stock** market have made investors wary. 2. Recent **fluctuations by the stock market** have made investors wary. 3. Recent **fluctuations in the stock market** have made investors wary. 4. Recent **fluctuations from the stock market** have made investors wary.

Answer 133

in Construction: fluctuation in + noun Correct: * Recent **fluctuations in the stock market** have made investors wary. Incorrect: * Recent **fluctuations to the stock** market have made investors wary. * Recent **fluctuations by the stock market** have made investors wary. * Recent **fluctuations from the stock market** have made investors wary. ## Footnote نوسانات اخیر در بازار سهام سرمایه گذاران را نگران کرده است.

Question 134

# 133. 1. You will get more accomplished by **focusing on the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next. 2. You will get more accomplished by **focusing at the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next. 3. You will get more accomplished by **focusing to the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next 4. You will get more accomplished by **focusing into the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.

Answer 134

on Construction: focus on+ noun/gerund Correct: * You will get more accomplished by **focusing on the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next. Incorrect: * You will get more accomplished by **focusing at the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next. * You will get more accomplished by **focusing to the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next. * You will get more accomplished by **focusing into the task** at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next. ## Footnote با تمرکز بر روی کاری که در دست دارید به جای نگرانی در مورد کارهایی که باید انجام دهید، به موفقیت بیشتری دست خواهید یافت.

Question 135

# 134. 1. The reading will be **followed with a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. 2. The reading will be **followed by a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. 3. The reading will be **followed to a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. 4. The reading will be **followed along with a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing.

Answer 135

by Construction: followed by+ noun Correct: * The reading will be **followed by a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. Incorrect: * The reading will be **followed with a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. * The reading will be **followed to a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. * The reading will be **followed along with a brief question-and-answer period** and then a book signing. ## Footnote پس از قرائت یک دوره پرسش و پاسخ کوتاه و سپس امضای کتاب انجام خواهد شد.

Question 136

# 135. 1. **For every thousand dollars in sales, then the company will donate one dollar** to charity. 2. **For every thousand dollars in sales, that means the company will donate one dollar to** charity. 3. **For every thousand dollars in sales, the company will donate one dollar** to charity.

Answer 136

x, y Construction: for every+ noun, independent clause Correct: * **For every thousand dollars in sales, the company will donate one dollar** to charity. Incorrect: * **For every thousand dollars in sales, then the company will donate one dollar** to charity. * **For every thousand dollars in sales, that means the company will donate one dollar to** charity. | به ازای هر هزار دلار فروش، این شرکت یک دلار به امور خیریه کمک می کند. ## Footnote Note: Used to show a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 137

# 136. 1. The hunters were **forbidden to enter** private lands. 2. The hunters were **forbidden from entering** private lands. 3. The hunters were **forbidden entering** private lands. 4. The hunters were **forbidden about entering** private lands.

Answer 137

to Construction: forbid X to Y; forbidden to + base verb Correct: * The hunters were **forbidden to enter** private lands. Incorrect: * The hunters were **forbidden from entering** private lands. * The hunters were **forbidden entering** private lands. * The hunters were **forbidden about entering** private lands. ## Footnote شکارچیان از ورود به زمین های شخصی منع شدند.

Question 138

# 137. 1. The **frequency of the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. 2. The **frequency about the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. 3. The **frequency as to the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. 4. The **frequency regarding the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.Frequency/infrequency

Answer 138

of Construction: frequency/infrequency of+ noun Correct: * The **frequency of the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. Incorrect: * The **frequency about the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. * The **frequency as to the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. * The **frequency regarding the collisions** indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection. ## Footnote فراوانی تصادفات نشان می دهد که باید علائم راهنمایی و رانندگی در این تقاطع را دوباره ارزیابی کنیم.

Question 139

# 138. 1. If you drive **from New York to New Jersey**, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop **from $4.00 to $2.50**. 2. If you drive out **from New York into New Jersey**, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop **from $4.00 into $2.50**. 3. If you drive out **from New York over to New Jersey**, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop down **from $4.00 to $2.50.**

Answer 139

X to Y Construction: from [location/amount]+ to [location/amount] Correct: * If you drive **from New York to New Jersey**, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop **from $4.00 to $2.50**. Incorrect: * If you drive out **from New York into New Jersey**, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop **from $4.00 into $2.50**. * If you drive out **from New York over to New Jersey**, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop down **from $4.00 to $2.50.** ## Footnote اگر از نیویورک به نیوجرسی رانندگی کنید، قیمت هر گالن بنزین از 4.00 دلار به 2.50 دلار کاهش می یابد. Note: Used to indicate a range, a distance, or a change in amount.

Question 140

# 139. 1. His advancement in the company **has been hindered with his lack of confidence**, not with a lack of competence. 2. His advancement in the company **has been hindered out of his lack of confidence**, not from a lack of competence. 3. His advancement in the company **has been hindered by his lack of confidence**, not by a lack of competence.

Answer 140

by Construction: to be+ hindered by+ noun Correct: * His advancement in the company **has been hindered by his lack of confidence**, not by a lack of competence. Incorrect: * His advancement in the company **has been hindered with his lack of confidence**, not with a lack of competence. * His advancement in the company **has been hindered out of his lack of confidence**, not from a lack of competence. ## Footnote پیشرفت او در شرکت به دلیل عدم اعتماد به نفس او معوق شده است، نه فقدان شایستگی.

Question 141

# 140. 1. She was **inclined of refusing** the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. 2. She was **inclined to refuse** the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. 3. She was **inclined for refusing** the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. 4. She was **inclined at refusal** of the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.

Answer 141

to Construction: inclined/disinclined to+ **base verb** Correct: * She was **inclined to refuse** the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. Incorrect: * She was **inclined of refusing** the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. * She was **inclined for refusing** the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. * She was **inclined at refusal** of the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice. ## Footnote او تمایل داشت به دلیل ساعات آخر هفته از ترفیع امتناع کند، اما افزایش دستمزد سخاوتمندانه او را وادار کرد دو بار فکر کند.

Question 142

# 141. 1. Fraternal twins are not **identical of each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. 2. Fraternal twins are not **identical in regard to each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. 3. Fraternal twins are not **identical to each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. 4. Fraternal twins are not **identical between each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. | aɪˈdentɪkəl

Answer 142

to Construction: identical to+ noun Correct: * Fraternal twins are not **identical to each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. Incorrect: * Fraternal twins are not **identical of each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. * Fraternal twins are not **identical in regard to each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. * Fraternal twins are not **identical between each other** in physical appearance or genetic makeup. ## Footnote دوقلوهای برادر از نظر ظاهر فیزیکی یا ساختار ژنتیکی با یکدیگر یکسان نیستند. Note: "Identical with" is also considered correct on the GMAT.

Question 143

# 142. 1. Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species of plant to be in the wetlands**. 2. Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species inside the wetlands**. 3. Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species of plant as being in the wetlands**. 4. Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species of plant to the wetlands**.

Answer 143

to Construction: introduce X to Y; introduce to+ noun Correct: * Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species of plant to the wetlands**. Incorrect: * Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species of plant to be in the wetlands**. * Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species inside the wetlands**. * Nomadic tribes inadvertently **introduced the invasive species of plant as being in the wetlands**. ## Footnote قبایل کوچ نشین ناخواسته گونه مهاجم این گیاه را وارد تالاب ها کردند.

Question 144

# 143. 1. He **inherited the economic crisis off his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. 2. He **inherited the economic crisis from his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. 3. He **inherited the economic crisis by his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. 4. He **inherited the economic crisis out of his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. | ɪnˈherɪət

Answer 144

from Construction: inherit X from Y; inherit from+ noun Correct: * He **inherited the economic crisis from his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. Incorrect: * He **inherited the economic crisis off his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. * He **inherited the economic crisis by his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. * He **inherited the economic crisis out of his predecessor** but was nonetheless tasked with solving it. ## Footnote او بحران اقتصادی را از سلف خود به ارث برده بود اما با این وجود وظیفه حل آن را بر عهده داشت.

Question 145

# 144. 1. **In an effort of making** her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. 2. **In an effort for making** her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. 3. **In an effort in order to** make her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. 4. **In an effort to make** her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. | ˈefərt

Answer 145

در تلاش برای to Construction: in an effort to+ **base verb** Correct: * **In an effort to make** her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. Incorrect: * **In an effort of making** her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. * **In an effort for making** her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. * **In an effort in order to** make her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room. ## Footnote دکتر بمنظور اینکه بیمارانش احساس راحتی بیشتری کنند، موسیقی آرام بخش در اتاق انتظار پخش شد.

Question 146

# 145. 1. Robert was **in awe from his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. 2. Robert was **in awe about his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. 3. Robert was **in awe of his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. 4. Robert was **in awe as to his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. | ɒː

Answer 146

of Construction: [to be]+ in awe of+ noun Correct: * Robert was **in awe of his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. Incorrect: * Robert was **in awe from his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. * Robert was **in awe about his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. * Robert was **in awe as to his mentor's accomplishments** and hoped to follow in her footsteps. ## Footnote رابرت از دستاوردهای مرشد خود **در شگفت بود** و امیدوار بود که راه او را دنبال کند. Note: In favor of also takes this construction.

Question 147

# 146. 1. Luke **was in danger to fail** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. 2. Luke **was in danger of failing** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. 3. Luke **was in danger with failing** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. 4. Luke **was in danger for failing** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. | ˈdeɪndʒər

Answer 147

of Construction: [to be]+ in danger of+ gerund Correct: * Luke **was in danger of failing** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. Incorrect: * Luke **was in danger to fail** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. * Luke **was in danger with failing** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. * Luke **was in danger for failing** the class if he didn't do well on the final exam. ## Footnote لوک در خطر مردود شدن بود اگر در آزمون نهایی خوب عمل نمی کرد.

Question 148

# 147. 1. The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice **in order for preserving** his anonymity. 2. The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice **in order of preserving** his anonymity. 3. The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice **in order to preserve** his anonymity. | ˈɔːrdər

Answer 148

to Construction: in order to + **base verb** Correct: * The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice **in order to preserve** his anonymity. Incorrect: * The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice **in order for preserving** his anonymity. * The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice **in order of preserving** his anonymity. ## Footnote افشاگر از برنامه خبری خواست تا برای حفظ نامش، صورتش را محو و صدایش را پنهان کند.

Question 149

# 148. 1. The three branches of government are **independent one another**. 2. The three branches of government are **independent to one another**. 3. The three branches of government are **independent from one another**. 4. The three branches of government are **independent with one another**. | ˌɪndɪəˈpendənt◂

Answer 149

from Construction: independent from + noun Correct: * The three branches of government are **independent from one another**. Incorrect: * The three branches of government are **independent one another**. * The three branches of government are **independent to one another**. * The three branches of government are **independent with one another**. | سه قوه حکومت از یکدیگر مستقل هستند. ## Footnote Note: Used to indicate autonomy or mean "separate from.”

Question 150

# 149. 1. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent as to personal politics**. 2. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent of personal politics**. 3. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent in regard to personal politics**. 4. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent personal politics**.

Answer 150

of Construction: independent of+ noun Correct: * The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent of personal politics**. Incorrect: * The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent as to personal politics**. * The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent in regard to personal politics**. * The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, **independent personal politics**. ## Footnote قرار است دادگاه عالی مستقل از سیاست شخصی از قانون اساسی حمایت کند. Note: Meaning "free from the influence of" or "without consideration of.”

Question 151

# 150. 1. His **indifference from the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. 2. His **indifference for the plight of the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. 3. His **indifference towards the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. 4. His **indifference to the plight of the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. 5. His **indifference about the homeles**s makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. | ɪnˈdɪfərəns

Answer 151

Construction: indifferent/indifference+ to/towards+ noun Correct: * His **indifference towards the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. * His **indifference to the plight of the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. Incorrect: * His **indifference from the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. * His **indifference for the plight of the homeless** makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. * His **indifference about the homeles**s makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless. ## Footnote بی‌تفاوتی او نسبت به بی‌خانمان‌ها باعث می‌شود که نمایش‌های متظاهر ثروت او بی مزه تر به نظر برسد. بی‌تفاوتی او نسبت به وضعیت اسفبار بی‌خانمان‌ها باعث می‌شود که نمایش‌های متظاهر ثروتش بیش از پیش بی مزه به نظر برسد.

Question 152

# 151. 1. Those who became** infected from Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. 2. Those who became **infected of Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. 3. Those who became **infected with Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. 4. Those who became **infected in Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. 5. Those who became **infected by Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.

Answer 152

Construction: infect with+ noun Correct: * Those who became **infected with Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. Incorrect: * Those who became** infected from Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. * Those who became **infected of Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. * Those who became **infected in Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. * Those who became **infected by Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States. ## Footnote کسانی که در طول ماموریت پزشکی به ابولا مبتلا شده بودند، بلافاصله پس از بازگشت به ایالات متحده قرنطینه و تحت درمان قرار گرفتند.

Question 153

# 152. 1. The meetings revealed yet another **instance that was a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. 2. The meetings revealed yet another **instance of being a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. 3. The meetings revealed yet another **instance of a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. 4. The meetings revealed yet another **instance regarding a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. | ˈɪnstəns

Answer 153

of Construction: instance of+ noun Correct: * The meetings revealed yet another **instance of a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. Incorrect: * The meetings revealed yet another **instance that was a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. * The meetings revealed yet another **instance of being a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. * The meetings revealed yet another **instance regarding a quid pro quo** at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths. | quid pro quo: ˌkwɪd prəʊ ˈkwəʊ اختلاص ## Footnote این نشست ها نمونه دیگری از اختلاس را در بالاترین سطوح حکومت نشان داد و مردم مخالفت خود را در صندوق های رای اعلام کردند.

Question 154

# 153. 1. When she is running late, she takes **the car instead of the train**. 2. When she is running late, she **takes** the car **instead of taking the train**. 3. When she is running late, she **takes the car instead of she takes the train**. 4. When she is running late, she **takes** the car **instead of by the train**. | ɪnˈsted

Answer 154

of Construction: noun + instead of+ noun; **verb** + instead of+ **verb-ing** Correct: * When she is running late, she takes **the car instead of the train**. * When she is running late, she **takes** the car **instead of taking the train**. Incorrect: * When she is running late, she **takes the car instead of she takes the train**. * When she is running late, she **takes** the car **instead of by the train**. ## Footnote وقتی دیرش می شود، به جای قطار سوار ماشین می شود. وقتی دیرش می شود، به جای سوار شدن به قطار، سوار ماشین می شود.

Question 155

# 154. 1. The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled to the children** from a very young age. 2. The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled into the children** from a very young age. 3. The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled inside the children** from a very young age. 4. The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled in the children** from a very young age. | ɪnˈstɪl

Answer 155

in/into Construction: instill X in/into Y; instill in/into+ noun Correct: * The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled in the children** from a very young age. * The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled into the children** from a very young age. Incorrect: * The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled to the children** from a very young age. * The importance of volunteering in one's community was **instilled inside the children** from a very young age. ## Footnote اهمیت کار داوطلبانه در جامعه از سنین بسیار پایین به کودکان فهمانده شد. Note: The verb invest also takes this construction.

Question 156

# 155. 1. George **intended of complimenting** his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her. 2. George **intended at complimenting** to his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her. 3. George **intended to compliment** his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.

Answer 156

to Construction: intend/intent to+ **base verb** Correct: * George **intended to compliment** his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her. Incorrect: * George **intended of complimenting** his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her. * George **intended at complimenting** to his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her. ## Footnote جورج قصد داشت از دوست دخترش بابت مدل موی جدیدش تعریف کند، اما او فکر کرد که او او را مسخره می کند. Note: Verb may be conjugated (base verb is never conjugated).

Question 157

# 156. 1. The **interaction of stearic acid to lye** causes saponification. 2. The **interaction from stearic acid and lye** causes saponification. 3. The **interaction from stearic acid to lye** causes saponification. 4. The **interaction of stearic acid with lye** causes saponification. | ˌɪntərˈækʃən

Answer 157

of Construction: interaction of X and Y; interaction of X with Y; interaction of+ plural noun Correct: * The **interaction of stearic acid and lye** causes saponification. Incorrect: * The **interaction of stearic acid to lye** causes saponification. * The **interaction from stearic acid and lye** causes saponification. * The **interaction from stearic acid to lye** causes saponification. ## Footnote برهمکنش اسید استئاریک و لیمو باعث صابونی شدن می شود.

Question 158

# 157. 1. At the dinner, Fredericka **introduced her best friend with her new boyfriend**, but to her dismay, the two didn't seem to get along. 2. At the dinner, Fredericka **introduced her best friend to her new boyfriend**, but to her dismay, the two didn't seem to get along. 3. At the dinner, Fredericka **introduced between her best friend and her new boyfriend**, but to her dismay, the two didn't seem to get along. | ˌɪntrəˈduːs

Answer 158

to Construction: introduce X to Y Correct: * At the dinner, Fredericka **introduced her best friend to her new boyfriend**, but to her dismay, the two didn't seem to get along. Incorrect: * At the dinner, Fredericka **introduced her best friend with her new boyfriend**, but to her dismay, the two didn't seem to get along. * At the dinner, Fredericka **introduced between her best friend and her new boyfriend**, but to her dismay, the two didn't seem to get along. ## Footnote در شام، فردریکا بهترین دوستش را به دوست پسر جدیدش معرفی کرد، اما در کمال تاسف، به نظر نمی رسید که آن دو با هم کنار بیایند.

Question 159

# 158. 1. Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel **isolated out of the rest** of the team. 2. Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel **isolated apart from the rest** of the team. 3. Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel **isolated from the rest** of the team. 4. Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel **isolated in regards to the rest** of the team. | ˈaɪsəleɪt

Answer 159

from Construction: isolate X from Y; isolated from + noun Correct: * Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel * **isolated from the rest** of the team. Incorrect: * Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel * **isolated out of the rest** of the team. * Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel **isolated apart from the rest** of the team. * Randy's awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel **isolated in regards to the rest** of the team. ## Footnote بی دست و پا بودن رندی در زمین فوتبال باعث شد که او از بقیه اعضای تیم احساس انزوا کند. Note: The verb separate also takes this construction.

Question 160

# 159. 1. After the lead actor took his bows, he was **joined on stage by the rest of the cast** for the standing ovation. 2. After the lead actor took his bows, he was **joined on stage along with the rest of the cast** for the standing ovation. | dʒɔɪn

Answer 160

by Construction: joined by+ noun Correct: * After the lead actor took his bows, he was **joined on stage by the rest of the cast** for the standing ovation. Incorrect: * After the lead actor took his bows, he was **joined on stage along with the rest of the cast** for the standing ovation. ## Footnote پس از اینکه بازیگر اصلی تعظیم کرد، بقیه بازیگران برای تشویق ایستاده به روی صحنه پیوستند.

Question 161

# 160. 1. Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be **judged with the color of their skin, but with** the content of their character. 2. Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be **judged as to the color of their skin, but as to** the content of their character. 3. Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be **judged by the color of their skin, but by** the content of their character. | dʒʌdʒ

Answer 161

by Construction: judge by+ noun; judge X by Y Correct: * Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be **judged by the color of their skin, but by** the content of their character. Incorrect: * Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be **judged with the color of their skin, but with** the content of their character. * Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be **judged as to the color of their skin, but as to** the content of their character. ## Footnote مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور، مشخصا آرزومند ملتی بود که فرزندانش نه بر اساس رنگ پوستشان، بلکه بر اساس محتوای شخصیتشان قضاوت شوند. Note: Meaning "evaluated on the basis of."

Question 162

# 161. 1. **Just as the President leads** the executive branch of the United States, **so the Prime Minister is the head** of state in Canada. 2. **Just like the President leads** the executive branch of the United States, **so the Prime Minister is the head** of state in Canada. | dʒʌst

Answer 162

... so (too) Construction: just as X, so (too) Y Correct: **Just as the President leads** the executive branch of the United States, **so the Prime Minister is the head** of state in Canada. Incorrect: **Just like the President leads** the executive branch of the United States, **so the Prime Minister is the head** of state in Canada. | ***means: in the same way*** ## Footnote همانطور که رئیس جمهور قوه مجریه ایالات متحده را رهبری می کند، نخست وزیر نیز رئیس دولت در کانادا است. Note: Used to compare similar things (i.e., "in the same way that…").

Question 163

# 162. 1. The serial killer **known as being Jack the Ripper** was never identified or captured by authorities. 2. The serial killer **known as Jack the Ripper** was never identified or captured by authorities. 3. The serial killer **known as that he was Jack the Ripper** was never identified or captured by authorities.

Answer 163

as Construction: known as+ **noun/pronoun** Correct: * The serial killer **known as Jack the Ripper** was never identified or captured by authorities. Incorrect: * The serial killer **known as being Jack the Ripper** was never identified or captured by authorities. * The serial killer **known as that he was Jack the Ripper** was never identified or captured by authorities. ## Footnote قاتل زنجیره ای معروف به جک چاک دهنده هرگز توسط مقامات شناسایی یا دستگیر نشد.

Question 164

# 163. 1. Peyote is **known for its hallucinogenic properties**. 2. The ancient Polynesians are **known on their navigation skills**. 3. The ancient Polynesians are **known for their navigation skills**. 4. The ancient Polynesians are **known regarding their navigation skills**.

Answer 164

for Construction: known for+ noun Correct: * Peyote is **known for its hallucinogenic properties**. * The ancient Polynesians are **known for their navigation skills**. ncorrect: * The ancient Polynesians are **known on their navigation skills**. * The ancient Polynesians are **known regarding their navigation skills**. ## Footnote پیوت به دلیل خواص توهم زایی اش شناخته شده است. پلینزی های باستان به دلیل مهارت های ناوبری خود شناخته شده اند.

Question 165

# 164. 1. Monkeys of many types are **known to be quite playful**. 2. Monkeys of many types are **known as being quite playful**.

Answer 165

to be Construction: known to be+ noun/**characteristic** Correct: * Monkeys of many types are **known to be quite playful**. Incorrect: * Monkeys of many types are **known as being quite playful**. ## Footnote انواع مختلف میمون ها کاملاً بازیگوش شناخته شده اند. "known as" indicates an alias or nickname, whereas "known to be" indicates a characteristic.

Question 166

# 165. 1. Catalonia's recent declaration of its independence **led to worries** from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region. 2. Catalonia's recent declaration of its independence **led into worries** from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region. 3. Catalonia's recent declaration of its independence **led for worries** from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.

Answer 166

to Construction: lead to+ noun; lead X to Y Correct: * Catalonia's recent declaration of its independence **led to worries** from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region. Incorrect: * Catalonia's recent declaration of its independence **led into worries** from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region. * Catalonia's recent declaration of its independence **led for worries** from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region. ## Footnote اعلام استقلال اخیر کاتالونیا باعث نگرانی رهبران اتحادیه اروپا شد مبنی بر اینکه اسپانیا ممکن است در منطقه نمایش قدرت انجام دهد.

Question 167

# 166. 1. Rachel is **likely of being** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. 2. Rachel is **likely for being** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. 3. Rachel is **likely to be** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. 4. Rachel is **likely as being** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. | ˈlaɪkli

Answer 167

to Construction: likely to + **base verb** Correct: * Rachel is **likely to be** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. Incorrect: * Rachel is **likely of being** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. * Rachel is **likely for being** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch. * Rachel is **likely as being** accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.

Question 168

# 167. The poet **likened the woman's eyes to being sapphires**. The poet **likened the woman's eyes as sapphires**. The poet **likened the woman's eyes to sapphires**. The poet **likened the woman's eyes with sapphires**.

Answer 168

to Construction: liken X to Y; liken to+ noun Correct: * The poet **likened the woman's eyes to sapphires**. Incorrect: * The poet **likened the woman's eyes to being sapphires**. * The poet **likened the woman's eyes as sapphires**. * The poet **likened the woman's eyes with sapphires**. | Sapphires: ˈsæfaɪə یاقوت کبود ## Footnote شاعر چشمان زن را به یاقوت کبود تشبیه کرده است

Question 169

# 168. 1. Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were **localized into a town** directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides. 2. Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were **localized in a town** directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides. 3. Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were **localized from a town** directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides. | ˈloʊkəlaɪzd

Answer 169

in Construction: localized in+ [place] Correct: * Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were **localized in a town** directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides. Incorrect: * Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were **localized into a town** directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides. * Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were **localized from a town** directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides. ## Footnote محققان متوجه شیوع سرطان استخوان نادری در شهری شدند که مستقیماً در سمت باد کارخانه ای که آفت کش تولید می کرد، قرار گرفته بود

Question 170

# 169. 1. No matter how difficult things get, she always **manages to land** on her feet. 2. No matter how difficult things get, she always **manages at landing** on her feet. 3. No matter how difficult things get, she always **manages as to landing** on her feet. | ˈmænɪdʒ

Answer 170

to Construction: manage to+ **base verb** Correct: * No matter how difficult things get, she always **manages to land** on her feet. Incorrect: * No matter how difficult things get, she always **manages at landing** on her feet. * No matter how difficult things get, she always **manages as to landing** on her feet. ## Footnote مهم نیست که چقدر کارها سخت می شود، او همیشه موفق می شود روی پاهایش فرود آید.

Question 171

# 170. ***frequent*** While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective **means into treating insomnia**, for now it is at least a **means into relaxing**. While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective **means in treating insomnia**, for now it is at least a **means at relaxing**. While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective **means of treating insomnia**, for now it is at least a **means to relax**.

Answer 171

means of/to Construction: means of+ noun/gerund; means for+ noun/gerund; means to+ noun/base verb Correct: * While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective **means of treating insomnia**, for now it is at least a **means to relax**. Incorrect: * While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective **means into treating insomnia**, for now it is at least a **means into relaxing**. * While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective * **means in treating insomnia**, for now it is at least a **means at relaxing**. ## Footnote در حالی که نوشیدن چای بابونه ممکن است موثرترین **روش** درمان بی خوابی نباشد، در حال حاضر حداقل** وسیله ای** برای آرامش است. Note: Think of **means of** or means for as "**TYPE of or for doing (something).**" Think of **means to** as "**METHOD to achieve (some goal or outcome**)."

Question 172

# 171. 1. Jane **mistook Randall's car keys as being her own** and had to walk back to the house. 2. Jane **mistook Randall's car keys for her own** and had to walk back to the house. 3. Jane **mistook Randall's car keys with her own** and had to walk back to the house. | mɪəˈsteɪk

Answer 172

for Construction: mistake X for Y; mistake for+ noun Correct: * Jane **mistook Randall's car keys for her own** and had to walk back to the house. Incorrect: * Jane **mistook Randall's car keys as being her own** and had to walk back to the house. * Jane **mistook Randall's car keys with her own** and had to walk back to the house. ## Footnote جین کلیدهای ماشین رندال را با خودش اشتباه گرفت و مجبور شد پیاده به خانه برگردد.

Question 173

# 172. 1. The solar-powered concept car is **modeled as** the American muscle cars of the 1960s. 2. The solar-powered concept car is **modeled as** in the American muscle cars of the 1960s. 3. The solar-powered concept car is **modeled in** regards to the American muscle cars of the 1960s. 4. The solar-powered concept car is **modeled after** the American muscle cars of the 1960s. | ˈmɑːdl

Answer 173

Construction: model X after Y; model after+ noun Correct: * The solar-powered concept car is **modeled after** the American muscle cars of the 1960s. Incorrect: * The solar-powered concept car is **modeled as** the American muscle cars of the 1960s. * The solar-powered concept car is **modeled as** in the American muscle cars of the 1960s. * The solar-powered concept car is **modeled in** regards to the American muscle cars of the 1960s. ## Footnote خودروی مفهومی با انرژی خورشیدی از خودروهای عضلانی آمریکایی دهه 1960 الگوبرداری شده است.

Question 174

# 173. The new party leaders are **moving away of the more regressive policy proposals** of the past in an attempt to court younger voters. The new party leaders are **moving away from the more regressive policy proposals** of the past in an attempt to court younger voters. The new party leaders are **moving away as to the more regressive policy proposals** of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.

Answer 174

from Construction: move away from+ noun/gerund Correct: * The new party leaders are **moving away from the more regressive policy proposals** of the past in an attempt to court younger voters. Incorrect: * The new party leaders are **moving away of the more regressive policy proposals** of the past in an attempt to court younger voters. * The new party leaders are **moving away as to the more regressive policy proposals** of the past in an attempt to court younger voters. ## Footnote رهبران جدید حزب در تلاش برای جلب نظر رای دهندگان جوان تر، از سیاست های پیشنهادی قهقرایی تر گذشته دور می شوند.

Question 175

# 174. 1. **The botanist, a native of Boston**, specialized in the study of **medicinal plants native to the Amazon rainforest**. 2. **The botanist, native to Boston**, specialized in the study of **medicinal plants native out of the Amazon rainforest**. 3. **The botanist, a native to Boston**, specialized in the study of **medicinal plants native of the Amazon rainforest**. | ˈneɪtɪv

Answer 175

native ... to/ a native of Construction: **[person]** is a native ***of* [place]**; **[thing]** is native ***to* [place]** Correct: * **The botanist, a native of Boston**, specialized in the study of **medicinal plants native to the Amazon rainforest**. Incorrect: * **The botanist, a native to Boston**, specialized in the study of **medicinal plants native of the Amazon rainforest**. * **The botanist, native to Boston**, specialized in the study of **medicinal plants native out of the Amazon rainforest**. ## Footnote این گیاه شناس، بومی بوستون، در مطالعه گیاهان دارویی بومی جنگل های آمازون تخصص داشت.

Question 176

# 175. 1. Although you **need working** hard, it is still **necessary prioritizing** your health. 2. Although you **need to work** hard, it is still **necessary to prioritize** your health.

Answer 176

Necessary to I need to Construction: necessary/need to+ **base verb** Correct: * Although you **need to work** hard, it is still **necessary to prioritize** your health. Incorrect: * Although you **need working** hard, it is still **necessary prioritizing** your health. ## Footnote اگرچه باید سخت کار کنید، اما همچنان لازم است سلامتی خود را در اولویت قرار دهید.

Question 177

# 176. 1. The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the **need as to creative solutions** to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation's young workers. 2. The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the **need in regard to creative solutions** to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation's young workers. 3. The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the **need for creative solutions** to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation's young workers.

Answer 177

for Construction: need for+ noun Correct: * The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the **need for creative solutions** to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation's young workers. Incorrect: * The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the **need as to creative solutions** to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation's young workers. * The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the **need in regard to creative solutions** to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation's young workers. ## Footnote کاهش نرخ زاد و ولد در ژاپن نیاز به راه حل های خلاقانه برای بی ثباتی اقتصادی و بیکاری پراکنده در میان کارگران جوان این کشور را برجسته می کند.

Question 178

# 177. 1. The Paris Agreement emphasizes the **necessity to transparency** among governments in order to mitigate global climate change. 2. The Paris Agreement emphasizes the **necessity of transparency** among governments in order to mitigate global climate change. 3. The Paris Agreement emphasizes the **necessity in regard to transparency** among governments in order to mitigate global climate change. | nəˈsesəti

Answer 178

of/for Construction: the necessity of/for + noun/gerund Correct: * The Paris Agreement emphasizes the **necessity of transparency** among governments in order to mitigate global climate change. Incorrect: * The Paris Agreement emphasizes the **necessity to transparency** among governments in order to mitigate global climate change. * The Paris Agreement emphasizes the **necessity in regard to transparency** among governments in order to mitigate global climate change. ## Footnote توافقنامه پاریس بر ضرورت شفافیت بین دولت ها به منظور کاهش تغییرات آب و هوایی جهانی تاکید دارد.

Question 179

# 178. 1. The loan came from **not from his parents but from his cousin**. 2. The meeting involved **not a discussion but a shouting match**. 3. The loan came **not from his parents but also from his cousin**.

Answer 179

Construction: not X but Y Correct: The loan came from **not from his parents but from his cousin**. The meeting involved **not a discussion but a shouting match**. Incorrect: The loan came **not from his parents but also from his cousin**. ## Footnote وام نه از پدر و مادرش بلکه از پسر عمویش بود.

Question 180

# 179. 1. Clint Eastwood is known **not only as an actor but also as a director**. 2. Clint Eastwood is known **not only as an actor but as well as a director**. 3. Clint Eastwood is known **not only as an actor and also as a director**.

Answer 180

Construction: Not only ... but (also)/ **Not just** ... but also Correct: * Clint Eastwood is known **not only as an actor but also as a director**. Incorrect: * Clint Eastwood is known **not only as an actor but as well as a director**. * Clint Eastwood is known **not only as an actor and also as a director**. ## Footnote کلینت ایستوود نه تنها به عنوان بازیگر بلکه به عنوان کارگردان نیز شناخته می شود. It's also acceptable to say not only X but Y and it's even sometimes okay to have not only X, also Y. And this is one of those times! Here's an example of a "normal" usage of the full idiom: She likes not only pizza but also ice cream. In this example, all of the pieces fit the not only X but also Y structure super neatly. This choice also leaves in the original not only X (but) also Y construction from the original sentence—because it's correct! When you have this weird construction in which the not only element is inverted, do *not* also invert the second half; instead, in the second element, the subject comes before the verb. Separately, you're omitting the word but, so the subject (and possibly the verb as well) will come first after the comma, before the word also. Correct: Not only are you really smart, but you're also kind. Correct: Not only are you really smart, but you're kind. Correct: Not only are you really smart, you're also kind. In all of the examples, the you're is before the also (when the also is present). It just seems weird in the third case because the word but is omitted (which is unusual but still allowed!), so it can sound to your ear as though the you're is in the wrong place and should come later in the sentence.

Question 181

# 180. 1. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known **not so much for holding office but because of raising** awareness of climate change. 2. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known **not so much for holding office as for raising** awareness of climate change. 3. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known **not that much for holding office as for raising** awareness about climate change.Not so much

Answer 181

as Construction: not so much X as Y Correct: Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known **not so much for holding office as for raising** awareness of climate change. Incorrect: Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known **not so much for holding office but because of raising** awareness of climate change. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known **not that much for holding office as for raising** awareness about climate change. ## Footnote در میان نسل جوان آمریکایی‌ها، ال گور نه به خاطر تصدی پست خود، بلکه به دلیل افزایش آگاهی در مورد تغییرات آب و هوایی شناخته شده است.

Question 182

# 181. 1. Doctors **noted that patients** of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms. 2. Doctors **noted about patients** of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms. 3. Doctors **noted as to how patients** of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms. | nəʊt

Answer 182

that Construction: Note/notice that+ clause Correct: * Doctors **noted that patients** of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms. Incorrect: * *Doctors **noted about patients** of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.* * *Doctors **noted as to how patients** of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.* ## Footnote پزشکان خاطرنشان کردند که بیماران در سنین مشابه هنوز علائم متفاوتی از خود نشان می دهند.

Question 183

# 182. 1. Selfish people are often **oblivious for the concerns** of others. 2. Selfish people are often **oblivious from the concerns** of others. 3. Selfish people are often **oblivious to the concerns** of others. 4. Selfish people are often **oblivious over the concerns** of others. | əˈblɪviəs

Answer 183

to Construction: oblivious to+ noun Correct: * Selfish people are often **oblivious to the concerns** of others. Incorrect: * Selfish people are often **oblivious for the concerns** of others. * Selfish people are often **oblivious from the concerns** of others. * Selfish people are often **oblivious over the concerns** of others. ## Footnote افراد خودخواه اغلب از نگرانی های دیگران غافل هستند.

Question 184

# 183. 1. The company retreat is an **opportunity in everyone** on the team getting better acquainted, an **opportunity in open dialogue**, and an **opportunity in relaxing**. 2. The company retreat is an **opportunity for everyone** on the team to get better acquainted, an **opportunity for open dialogue**, and an **opportunity to relax**. 3. The company retreat is an **opportunity as to everyone** on the team getting better acquainted, an **opportunity as to open dialogue**, and an **opportunity as to relaxing**. | ɑːpərˈtuːnɪəti

Answer 184

for/to Construction: opportunity for+ noun/pronoun; opportunity to+ **base verb** Correct: * The company retreat is an **opportunity for everyone** on the team to get better acquainted, an **opportunity for open dialogue**, and an **opportunity to relax**. Incorrect: * The company retreat is an **opportunity in everyone** on the team getting better acquainted, an **opportunity in open dialogue**, and an **opportunity in relaxing**. * The company retreat is an **opportunity as to everyone** on the team getting better acquainted, an **opportunity as to open dialogue**, and an **opportunity as to relaxing**. ## Footnote گردهمایی مدیران و کارکنان شرکت فرصتی برای همه اعضای تیم برای آشنایی بهتر، فرصتی برای گفتگوی باز و فرصتی برای آرامش است.

Question 185

# 184. 1. **Opposition to the union's demands** is strong, although union leaders are not **opposed to compromise**. 2. **Opposition at the union's demands** is strong, although union leaders are not **opposed at compromise**.

Answer 185

to Construction: opposed/opposition to+ noun/gerund Correct: * **Opposition to the union's demands** is strong, although union leaders are not **opposed to compromise**. Incorrect: * **Opposition at the union's demands** is strong, although union leaders are not **opposed at compromise**. ## Footnote مخالفت با خواسته های اتحادیه شدید است، اگرچه رهبران اتحادیه مخالف سازش نیستند.

Question 186

# 185. 1. His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact **opposite from what he had told her** in private the day before. 2. His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact **opposite compared to what he had told her** in private the day before. 3. His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact **opposite of what he had told her** in private the day before. | ˈɑːpəzət

Answer 186

of Construction: X is the opposite of Y; opposite of+ noun Correct: * His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact **opposite of what he had told her** in private the day before. Incorrect: * His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact **opposite from what he had told her** in private the day before. * His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact **opposite compared to what he had told her** in private the day before. ## Footnote اظهارات او به روزنامه دقیقاً خلاف آنچه را که روز قبل در خلوت به او (دختره) گفته بود، نشان داد.

Question 187

# 186. 1. The judge **ordered the court quieting down**. 2. The judge **ordered the court as to quieting down**. 3. The judge **ordered the court to quiet down**. 4. The judge **ordered the court that they should quiet down**. | ˈɔːrdər

Answer 187

to Construction: order X to Y; order to + **base verb** Correct: * The judge **ordered the court to quiet down**. Incorrect: * The judge **ordered the court quieting down**. * The judge **ordered the court as to quieting down**. * The judge **ordered the court that they should quiet down**. ## Footnote قاضی دستور داد دادگاه سکوت کند.

Question 188

# 187. 1. You **aught to consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. 2. You **ought consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. 3. You **ought should consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. 4. You **ought to consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. | ˈɔːt tuː

Answer 188

to Construction: ought to+ **base verb** Correct: * You **ought to consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. Incorrect: * You **aught to consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. * You **ought consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. * You **ought should consider** changing your diet if your heartburn continues. | SYN: Should ## Footnote در صورت ادامه سوزش سر دل، باید رژیم غذایی خود را تغییر دهید.

Question 189

# 188. 1. The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal **out from minor annoyances**. 2. The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal **out of minor annoyances**.

Answer 189

of Construction: out of+ noun/gerund Correct: * The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal **out of minor annoyances**. Incorrect: * The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal **out from minor annoyances**. ## Footnote روان درمانگر به زوجین توصیه کرد که به جای ساختن یک معضل بزرگ از دلخوری های جزئی، روی مسائلی که برایشان مهم است تمرکز کنند.

Question 190

# 189. 1. Halloween **originated from an ancient pagan festival**. 2. Halloween **originated by an ancient pagan festival**. | əˈrɪdʒɪəneɪt

Answer 190

from Construction: originate **from + [practice/belief/event/source]** Correct: * Halloween **originated from an ancient pagan festival**. Incorrect: * Halloween **originated by an ancient pagan festival**. | بوجود آمدن ## Footnote هالووین از یک جشن باستانی بت پرست سرچشمه گرفته است. Note: "**Originate from**" means "**arise from**."

Question 191

# 190. 1. The celebration known as All Hallows Eve **originated on eighth century Europe**. 2. The celebration known as All Hallows Eve **originated in eighth century Europe**.

Answer 191

Originate in Construction: originate **in + [location/time period]** Correct: * The celebration known as All Hallows Eve **originated in eighth century Europe**. Incorrect: * The celebration known as All Hallows Eve **originated on eighth century Europe**. | جشنی که به شب یادگاران معروف است در قرن هشتم اروپا آغاز شد. ## Footnote Note: "**Originate in**" means "**start in**."

Question 192

# 191. 1. The ancient pagan festival **originated with the Celts**. 2. The ancient pagan festival **originated because of the Celts**.

Answer 192

Originate with Construction: originate **with + [group/person/event]** Correct: * The ancient pagan festival **originated with the Celts**. Incorrect: * The ancient pagan festival **originated because of the Celts**. | جشن بت پرستی باستانی از سلت ها سرچشمه گرفت. ## Footnote Note: "**Originate with**" means "**begin with**."

Question 193

# 192. 1. Let's **partake at the festivities**. 2. Let's **partake on the festivities**. 3. Let's **partake to the festivities**. 4. Let's **partake in the festivities**. | pɑːˈteɪk

Answer 193

Partake in Construction: partake in+ [activity] Correct: * Let's **partake in the festivities**. Incorrect: * Let's **partake at the festivities**. * Let's **partake on the festivities**. * Let's **partake to the festivities**. | بیایید در جشن ها شرکت کنیم. ## Footnote نوشیدن و خوردن Note: **Partake in** means "**take part in**.” participate implies a having or taking part in an undertaking, activity, or discussion. partake implies accepting or acquiring a share especially of food or drink.

Question 194

# 193. 1. As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners **participated in the cleanup** of the vacant lot. 2. As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners **participated into the cleanup** of the vacant lot. 3. As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners **participated on the cleanup** of the vacant lot. | pɑːrˈtɪsɪəpeɪt

Answer 194

in Construction: participate/participant in+ noun Correct: * As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners **participated in the cleanup** of the vacant lot. Incorrect: * As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners **participated into the cleanup** of the vacant lot. * As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners **participated on the cleanup** of the vacant lot. ## Footnote به عنوان نشان دادن حمایت از باغ اجتماعی برنامه ریزی شده، صاحبان مشاغل محلی در پاکسازی زمین خالی شرکت کردند.

Question 195

# 194. 1. Sometime people **perceive opportunities as being threats**. 2. Sometime people **perceive opportunities as if threats**. 3. Sometime people **perceive opportunities as threats**. 4. Sometime people **perceive opportunities for threats**.

Answer 195

as Construction: perceive X as Y; perceive as+ noun Correct: * Sometime people **perceive opportunities as threats**. Incorrect: * Sometime people **perceive opportunities as being threats**. * Sometime people **perceive opportunities as if threats**. * Sometime people **perceive opportunities for threats**. ## Footnote گاهی اوقات مردم فرصت ها را به عنوان تهدید درک می کنند.

Question 196

# 195. 1. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential of changing** the way we view consciousness. 2. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential in changing** the way we view consciousness. 3. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential to change** the way we view consciousness. 4. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential as to changing** the way we view consciousness. | pəˈtenʃəl

Answer 196

to Construction: potential to+ **base verb** Correct: * Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential to change** the way we view consciousness. Incorrect: * Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential of changing** the way we view consciousness. * Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential in changing** the way we view consciousness. * Advancements in artificial intelligence have the **potential as to changing** the way we view consciousness. ## Footnote پیشرفت‌های هوش مصنوعی این پتانسیل را دارد که دیدگاه ما نسبت به آگاهی را تغییر دهد.

Question 197

# 196. 1. Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was **predisposed for diabetes**. 2. Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was **predisposed to diabetes**. 3. Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was **predisposed in diabetes**. | ˌpriːdɪsˈpoʊz

Answer 197

to Construction: predispose X to Y; **predisposed to+ noun** بعدش فعل نمیاد Correct: * Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was **predisposed to diabetes**. Incorrect: * Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was **predisposed for diabetes**. * Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was **predisposed in diabetes**. ## Footnote کریستا مراقب رژیم غذایی خود بود زیرا سابقه خانوادگی او نشان می داد که او مستعد ابتلا به دیابت است.

Question 198

# 197. 1. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable as opposed to cavities**. 2. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable to cavities**. 3. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable from cavities**. 4. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable compared to cavities**. | prɪˈfɜːr - ˈprefərəbəl

Answer 198

to Construction: prefer X to Y; X is preferable to Y بعدش فعل نمیاد Correct: * Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable to cavities**. ncorrect: * Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable as opposed to cavities**. * Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable from cavities**. * Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that **a regular checkup was preferable compared to cavities**. ## Footnote هنری از رفتن به دندانپزشک متنفر بود، اما می دانست که معاینه منظم بر حفره ها ارجحیت دارد.

Question 199

# 198. 1. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced to immigrants**. 2. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced from immigrants**. 3. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced with immigrants**. 4. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced against immigrants**. | ˈpredʒʊədɪəs

Answer 199

against Construction: prejudice/prejudiced against+ noun Correct: * The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced against immigrants**. Incorrect: * The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced to immigrants**. * The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced from immigrants**. * The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was **prejudiced with immigrants**. | prejudice especially because of their race, sex, religion ## Footnote دعوای تبعیض مسکن شواهد محکمی مبنی بر** تبعیض** مالک نسبت به مهاجران ارائه کرد.

Question 200

# 199. 1. Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water from entering the area**. 2. Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water against entering the area**. 3. Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water not to enter the area**. 4. Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water to enter the area**. | prɪˈvent

Answer 200

from Construction: prevent X from Y; prevent from+ gerund Correct: Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water from entering the area**. Incorrect: Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water against entering the area**. Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water not to enter the area**. Only a narrow barrier **prevented the water to enter the area**. ## Footnote فقط یک مانع باریک مانع از ورود آب به منطقه می شد.