Idioms - 1

Question 1

1.

1. John was able in seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
2. John was able of seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
3. John was able to see the fireworks from his rooftop.
4. John was able for seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.

:

Answer 1

to
Construction:
able to+ base verb

Correct:

• John was able to see the fireworks from his rooftop.

Incorrect:

• John was able in seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
• John was able of seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.
• John was able for seeing the fireworks from his rooftop.

جان توانست آتش بازی را از پشت بام خود ببیند.

Question 2

2.

1. Ants have the ability to lift anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight
2. Ants have the ability for lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
3. Ants have the ability of lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
4. Ants have the ability in lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight..

Answer 2

to
Construction:
ability to+ base verb

Correct:
* Ants have the ability to lift anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight

Incorrect:
* Ants have the ability for lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
* Ants have the ability of lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight.
* Ants have the ability in lifting anywhere from 20 to 100 times their weight..

مورچه ها توانایی بلند کردن 20 تا 100 برابر وزن خود را دارند

Question 3

3.

1. The community board acceded at Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
2. The community board acceded to Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house
3. The community board acceded for Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
4. The community board acceded to do Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.

ækˈsiːd

Answer 3

to
Construction:
accede to+ noun

Correct:

• The community board acceded to Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house

Incorrect:

• The community board acceded at Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
• The community board acceded for Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.
• The community board acceded to do Polly’s request to have the dumpster removed from in front of her house.

انجمن با درخواست پولی برای برداشتن زباله‌دان از جلوی خانه‌اش موافقت کرد

to agree to a demand, proposal etc, especially after first disagreeing with it

Question 4

4.

1. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access in the suspect’s house.
2. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access of the suspect’s house.
3. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access for the suspect’s house.
4. The police needed a warrant in order to gain access to the suspect’s house.

Answer 4

to
Construction:
access to+ noun

Correct:
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access to the suspect’s house.

Incorrect:
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access in the suspect’s house.
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access of the suspect’s house.
* The police needed a warrant in order to gain access for the suspect’s house.

پلیس برای دسترسی به خانه مظنون نیاز به حکم قضایی داشت

Question 5

5.

1. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as being the greatest actor of his generation.
2. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed for being the greatest actor of his generation.
3. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as the greatest actor of his generation.
4. After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed with having been the greatest actor of his generation.

əˈkleɪmd

Answer 5

as
Construction:
acclaimed as+ noun

Correct:

• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as the greatest actor of his generation.

Incorrect:

• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed as being the greatest actor of his generation.
• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed for being the greatest actor of his generation.
• After his performance in the Oscar-winning film, he was acclaimed with having been the greatest actor of his generation.

پس از بازی در فیلم اسکار، او به عنوان بزرگترین بازیگر نسل خود شناخته شد.

publicly praised by a lot of people

Question 6

6.

1. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
2. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
3. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied along with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
4. Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied together by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.

əˈkʌmpəni

Answer 6

by
Construction:
accompanied by+ noun

Correct:

• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.

Incorrect:

• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied along with a parent when they went to see the horror movie.
• Even though they weren’t frightened, the kids had to be accompanied together by a parent when they went to see the horror movie.

با وجود اینکه آنها نمی ترسیدند، اما وقتی بچه ها برای دیدن فیلم ترسناک می رفتند، باید پدر و مادرشان همراهی می کردند.

Question 7

7.

1. The group was arranged in the photo according of height.
2. The group was arranged in the photo according to height.
3. The group was arranged in the photo according by height.
4. The group was arranged in the photo according for height.

Answer 7

to
Construction:
according to+ noun

Correct:

• The group was arranged in the photo according to height.

Incorrect:

• The group was arranged in the photo according of height.
• The group was arranged in the photo according by height.
• The group was arranged in the photo according for height.

گروه در عکس بر اساس قد مرتب شده بود.

Question 8

8.

frequent

1. He couldn’t account to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
2. He couldn’t account as to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
3. He couldn’t account as for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
4. He couldn’t account for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.

Answer 8

for
Construction:
account for+ noun

Correct:

• He couldn’t account for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.

Incorrect:

• He couldn’t account to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
• He couldn’t account as to his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.
• He couldn’t account as for his whereabouts on the night of the murder and was held in police custody until his lawyer arrived.

Account as a verb takes “for”

Means “provide an explanation for” or “represent.”

او در شب قتل نتوانست محل اختفای خود را توضیح دهد و تا رسیدن وکیلش در بازداشت پلیس نگه داشته شد.

Question 9

9.

1. The bank foreclosed on the home on account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
2. The bank foreclosed on the home by account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
3. The bank foreclosed on the home on accounting of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
4. The bank foreclosed on the home on the account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.

Answer 9

of
Construction:
on account of+ noun

Correct:

• The bank foreclosed on the home on account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.

Incorrect:

• The bank foreclosed on the home by account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
• The bank foreclosed on the home on accounting of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.
• The bank foreclosed on the home on the account of the owner’s upside-down mortgage.

بانک خانه را به دلیل وام مسکن وارونه صاحب خانه توقیف کرد.

Note: This is a grammatically correct alternative to “because of” or “due to,” however it is generally not preferred to those other options.

Question 10

10.

1. Dora was accused for petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister for grand larceny.
2. Dora was accused with petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister with grand larceny.
3. Dora was accused of petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister of grand larceny.
4. Dora was accused about petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister over grand larceny.

əˈkjuːz

Answer 10

of
Construction:
accuse X of Y;
accused of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Dora was accused of petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister of grand larceny.

Incorrect:

• Dora was accused for petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister for grand larceny.
• Dora was accused with petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister with grand larceny.
• Dora was accused about petty theft, but the prosecutor accused Dora’s sister over grand larceny.

charge (someone) with an offence or crime

دورا متهم به سرقت کوچک بود، اما دادستان خواهر دورا را به سرقت بزرگ متهم کرد
.
Note: “Accused of” is often followed by “being” and then a noun or adjective (e.g., accused of being a thief, accused of
being lazy).

Question 11

11.

1. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted of them before they entrusted her for the project.
2. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted about them before they entrusted her about the project.
3. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted regarding them before they entrusted her regarding the project.
4. She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted with them before they entrusted her with the project.

əˈkweɪnt

Answer 11

with
Construction:
acquaint with + noun;
acquaint X with Y

Correct:

• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted with them before they entrusted her with the project.

Incorrect:

• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted of them before they entrusted her for the project.
• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted about them before they entrusted her about the project.
• She joined her new coworkers for happy hour in the hopes of getting better acquainted regarding them before they entrusted her regarding the project.

او برای ساعاتی خوش به همکاران جدیدش پیوست به این امید که قبل از اینکه پروژه را به او بسپارند، با آنها بهتر آشنا شود.

Note: The verb entrust can also take this construction. to deliberately find out about something

Question 12

12.

1. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced their demands.
2. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced with their demands.
3. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced to their demands.
4. After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced at their demands.

ˌækwiˈes

Answer 12

to
Construction:

acquiesce to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced to their demands.

Incorrect:

• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced their demands.
• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced with their demands.
• After the workers went on strike, the company acquiesced at their demands.

پس از اعتصاب کارگران، شرکت به خواسته های آنها تن داد.

to do what someone else wants, or allow something to happen, even though you do not really agree with it

Question 13

13.

1. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting into life without children in the house.
2. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting to life without children in the house.
3. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting with life without children in the house.
4. When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting about life without children in the house.

Answer 13

to
Construction:
adapt to+ noun/gerund;
adapt X to Y

Correct:

• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting to life without children in the house.

Incorrect:

• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting into life without children in the house.
• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting with life without children in the house.
• When their daughters went off to college, the couple had a difficult time adapting about life without children in the house.

Note: Means “adjust to.”

وقتی دخترانشان به دانشگاه رفتند، این زوج برای تطبیق با زندگی بدون بچه در خانه مشکل داشتند.

Question 14

14.

1. The curriculum was adapted for students who spoke English as a second language.
2. The curriculum was adapted at students who spoke English as a second language.
3. The curriculum was adapted around students who spoke English as a second language.

Answer 14

for
Construction:
adapted for+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The curriculum was adapted for students who spoke English as a second language.

Incorrect:

• The curriculum was adapted at students who spoke English as a second language.
• The curriculum was adapted around students who spoke English as a second language.

Note: Means “made suitable for.”

برنامه درسی برای دانش آموزانی که انگلیسی را به عنوان زبان دوم صحبت می کنند، متناسب شده است.

Question 15

15.

1. He was deeply affected from the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
2. He was deeply affected about the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
3. He was deeply affected by the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
4. He was deeply affected of the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.

əˈfektɪəd

Answer 15

by
Construction:
affected by+ noun

Correct:

• He was deeply affected by the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.

Incorrect:

• He was deeply affected from the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
• He was deeply affected about the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.
• He was deeply affected of the combat scenes in the film and had to leave the theater.

او به شدت تحت تأثیر صحنه های جنگی فیلم قرار گرفت و مجبور شد تئاتر را ترک کند.

Question 16

16.

1. She was afflicted with a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
2. She was afflicted by a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
3. She was afflicted of a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
4. She was afflicted from a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.

əˈflɪkt

Answer 16

with/by
Construction:
afflicted with/by+ noun

Correct:

• She was afflicted with a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
• She was afflicted by a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.

Incorrect:

• She was afflicted of a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.
• She was afflicted from a disease so rare that few healers had ever heard of it.

to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer

او به بیماری آنقدر نادر مبتلا بود که کمتر شفا دهنده ای تا به حال در مورد آن چیزی شنیده بود.

Question 17

17.

1. The little boy was afraid about the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
2. The little boy was afraid over the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
3. The little boy was afraid of the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
4. The little boy was afraid from the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.

əˈfreɪd

Answer 17

of
Construction:
afraid of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The little boy was afraid of the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.

Incorrect:

• The little boy was afraid about the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
• The little boy was afraid over the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.
• The little boy was afraid from the dark, so his parents bought a nightlight for his room.

پسر کوچک از تاریکی می ترسید، بنابراین والدینش برای اتاقش چراغ خواب خریدند.

Question 18

18.

1. He had agreed into the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
2. He had agreed to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
3. He had agreed as to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
4. He had agreed over the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.

Answer 18

to
Construction:
agree to+ base verb;
agree to+ noun

Correct:

• He had agreed to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.

Incorrect:

• He had agreed into the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
• He had agreed as to the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.
• He had agreed over the terms in writing, so his lawsuit against the company did not hold up in court.

to say yes to an idea, plan, suggestion etc

او به صورت کتبی با شرایط موافقت کرده بود، بنابراین شکایت او علیه شرکت در دادگاه به نتیجه نرسید.

Question 19

1. Let’s try to agree on a date.
2. Let’s try to agree with a date.
3. Let’s try to agree about a date.

Answer 19

on
Construction:
agree/disagree on+ a matter for decision

Correct:

• Let’s try to agree on a date.

Incorrect:

• Let’s try to agree with a date.
• Let’s try to agree about a date.

Question 20

19.

1. Even if you don’t agree over his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate together with him.
2. Even if you don’t agree in his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate in partnership with him.
3. Even if you don’t agree with his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate with him.

əˈgriː

Answer 20

with
Construction:
agree/disagree with+ noun/pronoun

Correct:

• Even if you don’t agree with his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate with him.

Incorrect:

• Even if you don’t agree over his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate together with him.
• Even if you don’t agree in his opinions, you can still respect them and try to collaborate in partnership with him.

with a person, opinion or policy

to believe that a decision, action, or suggestion is correct or right:
I don’t agree with hitting children.
حتی اگر با نظرات او موافق نیستید، باز هم می توانید به آنها احترام بگذارید و سعی کنید با او همکاری کنید.

Note: Other verbs that take this construction are: collaborate, comply, sympathize.

Question 21

20.

frequent

1. The tutor aided the student in preparing for the test.
2. The tutor aided the student to prepare for the test.
3. The tutor aided the student at preparing for the test.
4. The tutor aided the student of preparing for the test.

eɪd

Answer 21

in
Construction:
aid in + noun/gerund;
aid X in Y

Correct:

• The tutor aided the student in preparing for the test.

Incorrect:

• The tutor aided the student to prepare for the test.
• The tutor aided the student at preparing for the test.
• The tutor aided the student of preparing for the test.

استاد راهنما به دانش آموز در آماده شدن برای آزمون کمک کرد.

• Note: You give aid to or for a person, country, etc., but you aid in an activity.
• Note: NEVER use prepposition, if “Aid” used as a verb

Question 22

21.

1. The department allocated the government grant for enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
2. The department allocated the government grant as enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
3. The department allocated the government grant to enhanced training initiatives fo the officers.
4. The department allocated the government grant into enhanced training initiatives for the officers.

ˈæləkeɪt

Answer 22

to
Construction:
allocate X to Y

Correct:
* The department allocated the government grant to enhanced training initiatives for the officers.

Incorrect:
* The department allocated the government grant for enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
* The department allocated the government grant as enhanced training initiatives for the officers.
* The department allocated the government grant into enhanced training initiatives for the officers.

این اداره کمک مالی دولت را به طرح های آموزشی پیشرفته برای افسران اختصاص داد.

Question 23

22.

1. A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time for the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow for such discussion when scheduling the next meeting.
2. A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time to the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow more time to such discussion when scheduling the meeting.

əˈlaʊ

Answer 23

for
Construction:
allow X for Y;
allow for X

Correct:

• A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time for the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow for such discussion when scheduling the next meeting.

Incorrect:

• A one-hour meeting doesn’t allow sufficient time to the board to discuss this quarter’s agenda, so we should allow more time to such discussion when scheduling the meeting.

یک جلسه یک ساعته به هیئت مدیره زمان کافی برای بحث در مورد دستور کار این سه ماهه نمی دهد، بنابراین باید در زمان برنامه ریزی جلسه بعدی اجازه چنین بحثی را بدهیم.

Note: Allow X for Y means to allocate an amount; allow for X means to take into consideration or make a provision for something.

Question 24

23.

1. Gina’s parents didn’t allow on her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted on watching a movie.
2. Gina’s parents didn’t allow her for going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted for watching a movie.
3. Gina’s parents didn’t allow in her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted as to watching a movie.
4. Gina’s parents didn’t allow her to go out on Saturday night, but she was permitted to watch a movie.

Answer 24

to
Construction:
allow X to Y;
allow to+ base verb

• • Correct:
    Gina’s parents didn’t allow her to go out on Saturday night, but she was permitted to watch* a movie.

Incorrect:
* Gina’s parents didn’t allow on her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted on watching a movie.
* Gina’s parents didn’t allow her for going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted for watching a movie.
* Gina’s parents didn’t allow in her going out on Saturday night, but she was permitted as to watching a movie.

پدر و مادر جینا به او اجازه ندادند شنبه شب بیرون برود، اما او اجازه داشت یک فیلم تماشا کند.

Note: Similar verbs that take this construction are encourage, force, permit, persuade.

Question 25

24.

1. In Josh’s country, there was no alternative of his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.
2. In Josh’s country, there was no alternative to his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.
3. In Josh’s country, there was no alternative from his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.
4. In Josh’s county, there was no alternative in comparison to his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.

ɒːlˈtɜːrnətɪv

Answer 25

to
Construction:
alternative to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• In Josh’s country, there was no alternative to his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.

Incorrect:

• In Josh’s country, there was no alternative of his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.
• In Josh’s country, there was no alternative from his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.
• In Josh’s country, there was no alternative in comparison to his internet provider, so he couldn’t switch to a more reliable service.

در کشور جاش، هیچ جایگزینی برای ارائه‌دهنده اینترنت او وجود نداشت، بنابراین او نمی‌توانست به سرویس مطمئن‌تری روی بیاورد.

Question 26

25.

1. The negotiations never amounted in a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount in $100 billion.
2. The negotiations never amounted as a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount as $100 billion.
3. The negotiations never amounted into a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount into $100 billion.
4. The negotiations never amounted to a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount to $100 billion.

əˈmaʊnt

Sum, result

Answer 26

to
Construction:
amount to+ noun

Correct:

• The negotiations never amounted to a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount to $100 billion.

Incorrect:

• The negotiations never amounted in a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount in $100 billion.
• The negotiations never amounted as a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount as $100 billion.
• The negotiations never amounted into a vote because the committee determined that expenses related to the measure would amount into $100 billion.

Note: Meaning “sum to” or “result in.” Verb may be conjugated.

مذاکرات هرگز به رای نرسید زیرا کمیته تعیین کرد که هزینه های مربوط به این اقدام بالغ بر 100 میلیارد دلار خواهد بود.

Question 27

26.

1. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous to giving birth.
2. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous for giving birth.
3. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous of giving birth.
4. The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous as giving birth.

əˈnæləgəs

Answer 27

to
Construction:
analogous to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous to giving birth.

Incorrect:

• The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous for giving birth.
• The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous of giving birth.
• The pretentious artist claimed that creating the sculpture was analogous as giving birth.

این هنرمند پرمدعا ادعا کرد که ایجاد این مجسمه مشابه زایمان است.

similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made
The report’s findings are analogous with our own.

Question 28

27.

1. The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an analogy to a modern-day corporate structure.
2. The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an analogy with a modern-day corporate structure.

əˈnælədʒi

Answer 28

to/with
Construction:
analogy to/with + noun/gerund

Correct:
* The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an analogy to a modern-day corporate structure.
* The teacher explained the complex hierarchy of the royal court by drawing an analogy with a modern-day corporate structure.

معلم سلسله مراتب پیچیده دربار سلطنتی را با تشبیه یک ساختار شرکتی امروزی توضیح داد.

Question 29

28.

1. Lorna was angry over her neighbors because they were late to the potluck and didn’t bring a dish.
2. Lorna was angry at her neighbors because they were late to the potluck and didn’t bring a dish.

Answer 29

at
Construction:
angry at+ [person/entity]

Correct:

• Lorna was angry at her neighbors because they were late to the potluck and didn’t bring a dish.

Incorrect:

• Lorna was angry over her neighbors because they were late to the potluck and didn’t bring a dish.

angry with (sometimes at) a person for doing something.

لورنا از دست همسایه‌هایش عصبانی بود، زیرا آنها دیر به غذا رسیدند و ظرفی نیاوردند.

Question 30

29.

1. The teachers were angry about the ongoing lack of support from the administration.
2. The teachers were angry from the ongoing lack of support from the administration.

Answer 30

about
Construction:
angry about+ [situation/condition/event]

Correct:

• The teachers were angry about the ongoing lack of support from the administration.

Incorrect:

• The teachers were angry from the ongoing lack of support from the administration.

معلمان از عدم حمایت مداوم دولت عصبانی بودند.

Question 31

30.

1. The combination of chicken and waffles didn’t appeal at him, so he ordered a burger instead.
2. The combination of chicken and waffles didn’t appeal to him, so he ordered a burger instead.
3. The combination of chicken and waffles didn’t appeal in him, so he ordered a burger instead.

əˈpiːl

Answer 31

to
Construction:
appeal to+ [person/entity]

Correct:

• The combination of chicken and waffles didn’t appeal to him, so he ordered a burger instead.

Incorrect:

• The combination of chicken and waffles didn’t appeal at him, so he ordered a burger instead.
• The combination of chicken and waffles didn’t appeal in him, so he ordered a burger instead.

To seem attractive and interesting to someone.

ترکیب مرغ و وافل برای او جذابیتی نداشت، بنابراین به جای آن برگر سفارش داد.

Question 32

31.

1. On the surface, Sam appeared at having it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.
2. On the surface, Sam appeared to have it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.
3. On the surface, Sam appeared as having it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.
4. On the surface, Sam appeared he had it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.

Answer 32

to
Construction:
appear to+ base verb

Correct:

• On the surface, Sam appeared to have it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.

Incorrect:

• On the surface, Sam appeared at having it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.
• On the surface, Sam appeared as having it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.
• On the surface, Sam appeared he had it all together, but inside he was panicked and dismayed.

Note: Other verbs that can take this construction are claim, decide

در ظاهر، سم به نظر می رسید که همه چیز را با هم داشته باشد، اما در درون او وحشت زده و ناامید شده بود.

Question 33

32.

1. Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved about her decision to take a year off before college.
2. Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved with her decision to take a year off before college.
3. Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved of her decision to take a year off before college.
4. Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved at her decision to take a year off before college.

Answer 33

of
Construction:
approve/disapprove of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved of her decision to take a year off before college.

Incorrect:

• Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved about her decision to take a year off before college.
• Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved with her decision to take a year off before college.
• Lisa’s parents strongly disapproved at her decision to take a year off before college.

والدین لیزا به شدت با تصمیم او برای مرخصی یک سال قبل از کالج مخالفت کردند.

Question 34

33.

1. Today is the last day to apply about the job.
2. Today is the last day to apply for the job.

Answer 34

for
Construction:
apply for+ noun

Correct:

• Today is the last day to apply for the job.

Incorrect:

• Today is the last day to apply about the job.

امروز آخرین روز برای درخواست کار است.

Question 35

34.

1. Martin Luther King, Jr., argued for equality in American society.
2. Martin Luther King, Jr., argued at racial segregation in American society.
3. Martin Luther King, Jr., argued against racial segregation in American society.

Answer 35

for/against
Construction:
argue for/against+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Martin Luther King, Jr., argued for equality in American society.
• Martin Luther King, Jr., argued against racial segregation in American society.

Incorrect:

• Martin Luther King, Jr., argued at racial segregation in American society.

Note: Another verb that takes this construction is fight.

مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور برای برابری در جامعه آمریکا بحث می کرد.
مارتین لوتر کینگ، جونیور، علیه تبعیض نژادی در جامعه آمریکا استدلال می کرد.

Question 36

35.

1. The co-op board members argued at each other vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.
2. The co-op board members argued to each other vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.
3. The co-op board members argued with each other vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.

Answer 36

with
Construction:
argue with + noun/pronoun

Correct:

• The co-op board members argued with each other vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.

Incorrect:

• The co-op board members argued at each other vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.
• The co-op board members argued to each other vociferously, but they always reached an amicable compromise by the end of their meetings.

اعضای هیئت مدیره تعاونی به شدت با یکدیگر بحث می کردند، اما همیشه در پایان جلسات خود به یک سازش دوستانه می رسیدند.

Question 37

36.

1. Television streaming services are not so popular nationally as cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.
2. Television streaming services are not as popular nationally as cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.
3. Television streaming services are not more popular nationally as cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.
4. Television streaming services are not as popular nationally than cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.

Answer 37

as
Construction:
as X as Y

Correct:

• Television streaming services are not as popular nationally as cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.

Incorrect:

• Television streaming services are not so popular nationally as cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.
• Television streaming services are not more popular nationally as cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.
• Television streaming services are not as popular nationally than cable services, although their market share is rapidly growing.

Note: Used for comparisons.

خدمات پخش تلویزیونی در سطح ملی به اندازه خدمات کابلی محبوب نیستند، اگرچه سهم بازار آنها به سرعت در حال رشد است.

Question 38

37.

1. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director for next Monday.
2. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director as on next Monday.
3. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director as to next Monday.
4. Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director as of next Monday.

Answer 38

of
Construction:
as of+ [time/date]

Correct:

• Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director as of next Monday.

Incorrect:

• Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director for next Monday.
• Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director as on next Monday.
• Jackson will begin his tenure as interim director as to next Monday.

جکسون از دوشنبه آینده کار خود را به عنوان مدیر موقت آغاز خواهد کرد.

Question 39

38.

1. All I ask from a movie is that it make me laugh.
2. All I ask of a movie is that it make me laugh.
3. All I ask to a movie is that it make me laugh.

Answer 39

of
Construction:
ask of+ noun;
ask X of/for Y

Correct:

• All I ask of a movie is that it make me laugh.

Incorrect:

• All I ask from a movie is that it make me laugh.
• All I ask to a movie is that it make me laugh.

تنها چیزی که از یک فیلم می خواهم این است که من را بخنداند.

Note: “Ask of” means “demand from.”

Question 40

39.

1. If the panel cannot be repaired, I will ask for a refund.
2. If the panel cannot be repaired, I will ask into a refund.

Answer 40

for
Construction:
ask for+ noun;
ask X for Y

Correct:

• If the panel cannot be repaired, I will ask for a refund.

Incorrect:

• If the panel cannot be repaired, I will ask into a refund.

اگر پنل قابل تعمیر نباشد، من درخواست بازگشت وجه می کنم.

Note: “Ask for” means “request.”

Question 41

40.

1. The English professor asked the class whether they preferred Updike or Cheever.
2. The English professor asked the class if they preferred Updike or Cheever.
3. The English professor asked the class regarding whether they preferred Updike or Cheever.
4. The English professor asked the class about whether they preferred Updike or Cheever.

Introduces an uncertainty

Answer 41

whether
Construction:
ask X whether Y;
ask whether+ noun clause

Correct:

• The English professor asked the class whether they preferred Updike or Cheever.

Incorrect:

• The English professor asked the class if they preferred Updike or Cheever.
• The English professor asked the class regarding whether they preferred Updike or Cheever.
• The English professor asked the class about whether they preferred Updike or Cheever.

استاد انگلیسی از کلاس پرسید که آیا آپدایک را ترجیح می دهند یا چیور.

Note: Introduces an uncertainty. Other verbs that pair with “whether” to introduce uncertainties include the following: depend on; determine; dispute; question; wonder.

Question 42

41.

1. The press associated his contentious divorce with his subsequent decision to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.
2. The press associated his contentious divorce along with his subsequent decision to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.
3. The press associated his contentious divorce to his subsequent decision to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.

Answer 42

with
Construction:
associate with + noun/gerund;
associate X with Y

Correct:

• The press associated his contentious divorce with his subsequent decision to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.

Incorrect:

• The press associated his contentious divorce along with his subsequent decision to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.
• The press associated his contentious divorce to his subsequent decision to retire from the NFL, but the two events were unrelated.

مطبوعات طلاق جنجالی او را با تصمیم بعدی او برای بازنشستگی از NFL مرتبط کردند، اما این دو رویداد ارتباطی نداشتند.

Question 43

42.

1. The mother assured her son of the loud noise’s being just a car backfiring.
2. The mother assured to her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring.
3. The mother assured her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring.

əˈʃʊr

Answer 43

that
Construction:
assure X that Y;
assure that+ noun clause

Correct:

• The mother assured her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring.

Incorrect:

• The mother assured her son of the loud noise’s being just a car backfiring.
• The mother assured to her son that the loud noise was just a car backfiring.

مادر به پسرش اطمینان داد که صدای بلند فقط یک ماشین است که تهش صدا میده.

Question 44

43.

1. Alice had to leave work early to attend on a family crisis.
2. Alice had to leave work early to attend about a family crisis.
3. Alice had to leave work early to attend for a family crisis.
4. Alice had to leave work early to attend to a family crisis.

Answer 44

to
Construction:
attend to+ noun

Correct:

• Alice had to leave work early to attend to a family crisis.

Incorrect:

• Alice had to leave work early to attend on a family crisis.
• Alice had to leave work early to attend about a family crisis.
• Alice had to leave work early to attend for a family crisis.

Note: Meaning “deal with” or “give attention to.”

آلیس مجبور شد کار را زودتر ترک کند تا به یک بحران خانوادگی رسیدگی کند.

Question 45

44.

1. The wedding will be attended of prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike.
2. The wedding will be attended by prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike.
3. The wedding will be attended with prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike.

Answer 45

by
Construction:
attended by+ noun

Correct:

• The wedding will be attended by prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike.

Incorrect:

• The wedding will be attended of prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike.
• The wedding will be attended with prominent politicians and Hollywood celebrities alike.

در این عروسی سیاستمداران برجسته و افراد مشهور هالیوود به طور یکسان حضور خواهند داشت.

Question 46

45.

1. The psychiatrist attested to the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.
2. The psychiatrist attested into the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.
3. The psychiatrist attested regarding the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.
4. The psychiatrist attested on the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.

əˈtest

Answer 46

to
Construction:
attest to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The psychiatrist attested to the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.

Incorrect:

• The psychiatrist attested into the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.
• The psychiatrist attested regarding the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.
• The psychiatrist attested on the defendant’s fitness to stand trial.

SYN: testify Note: Verb may be conjugated.

روانپزشک آمادگی متهم را برای محاکمه تایید کرد.

Question 47

46.

1. Gregory attributed his father’s death from negligent hospital care and planned to sue.
2. Gregory attributed his father’s death to negligent hospital care and planned to sue.
3. Gregory attributed his father’s death as negligent hospital care and planned to sue. Gregory attributed his father’s death as a result of negligent hospital care and planned to sue.

Answer 47

to
Construction:
attribute X to Y;
attribute to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Gregory attributed his father’s death to negligent hospital care and planned to sue.

Incorrect:

• Gregory attributed his father’s death from negligent hospital care and planned to sue.
• Gregory attributed his father’s death as negligent hospital care and planned to sue. Gregory attributed his father’s death as a result of negligent hospital care and planned to sue.

گرگوری مرگ پدرش را ناشی از مراقبت های بیمارستانی سهل انگارانه دانست و قصد داشت شکایت کند.

• he attributed the firm’s success to the efforts of the managing director
• his resignation was attributed to stress.

Question 48

47.

1. Surprisingly, the school board is not averse about radical changes to the curriculum.
2. Surprisingly, the school board is not averse as to radical changes to the curriculum.
3. Surprisingly, the school board is not averse to radical changes to the curriculum.

əˈvɜːrs

Answer 48

to
Construction:
averse to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Surprisingly, the school board is not averse to radical changes to the curriculum.

Incorrect:

• Surprisingly, the school board is not averse about radical changes to the curriculum.
• Surprisingly, the school board is not averse as to radical changes to the curriculum.

unwilling to do something or not liking something

با کمال تعجب، هیئت مدیره مدرسه مخالف تغییرات اساسی در برنامه درسی نیست.

Question 49

48.

1. Based on the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.
2. Based from the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.
3. Based about the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.
4. Based onto the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.

Answer 49

on
Construction:
based on + noun

Correct:

• Based on the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.

Incorrect:

• Based from the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.
• Based about the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.
• Based onto the experiences of five scientists, the book provides a rare glimpse of the challenges a leading researcher can face.

این کتاب بر اساس تجربیات پنج دانشمند، نگاه اجمالی نادری از چالش‌هایی را که یک محقق پیشرو می‌تواند با آن روبرو شود، ارائه می‌کند.

Question 50

49.

1. We couldn’t play soccer outdoors because the rain, so we moved the game inside.
2. We couldn’t play soccer outdoors because of the rain, so we moved the game inside.

Answer 50

of
Construction:
because of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• We couldn’t play soccer outdoors because of the rain, so we moved the game inside.

Incorrect:

• We couldn’t play soccer outdoors because the rain, so we moved the game inside.

به دلیل باران نمی توانستیم در فضای باز فوتبال بازی کنیم، بنابراین بازی را به داخل منتقل کردیم.

Note: “Because of” functions as a preposition and introduces a prepositional phrase that acts adverbially, expressing why something is true.

Question 51

50.

1. Her belief of ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe of ghosts.
2. Her belief on ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe on ghosts.
3. Her belief as to ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe regarding ghosts.
4. Her belief in ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe in ghosts.

Answer 51

in
Construction:
belief/believe in + noun

Correct:

• Her belief in ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe in ghosts.

Incorrect:

• Her belief of ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe of ghosts.
• Her belief on ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe on ghosts.
• Her belief as to ghosts made spending the night in such an old house a scary prospect for her, but the other guests did not believe regarding ghosts.

اعتقاد او به ارواح باعث شده بود که شب را در چنین خانه قدیمی برای او ترسناک کند، اما مهمانان دیگر به ارواح اعتقاد نداشتند.

Question 52

51.

1. There are still some conspiracy theorists who believe in the moon landing was staged.
2. There are still some conspiracy theorists who believe that the moon landing was staged.
3. There are still some conspiracy theorists who believe in that the moon landing was staged.

Answer 52

that
Construction:
believe that+ clause

Correct:
* There are still some conspiracy theorists who believe that the moon landing was staged.

Incorrect:
* There are still some conspiracy theorists who believe in the moon landing was staged.
* There are still some conspiracy theorists who believe in that the moon landing was staged.

هنوز برخی از نظریه پردازان توطئه وجود دارند که معتقدند فرود روی ماه صحنه سازی شده است.

Question 53

52.

1. Fire department officials believed in faulty wiring to be the cause of the explosion.
2. Fire department officials believed faulty wiring as being the cause of the explosion.
3. Fire department officials believed in faulty wiring as the cause of the explosion.
4. Fire department officials believed faulty wiring to be the cause of the explosion.

Answer 53

to be
Construction:
believe X to be Y;
is believed to be+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Fire department officials believed faulty wiring to be the cause of the explosion.

Incorrect:

• Fire department officials believed in faulty wiring to be the cause of the explosion.
• Fire department officials believed faulty wiring as being the cause of the explosion.
• Fire department officials believed in faulty wiring as the cause of the explosion.

مسئولان آتش نشانی علت این انفجار را سیم کشی معیوب می دانند.

Question 54

53.

1. Many of her supporters would benefit from her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.
2. Many of her supporters would benefit resulting from her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.
3. Many of her supporters would benefit by her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.
4. Many of her supporters would benefit out of her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.

Answer 54

from
Construction:
benefit from + noun/gerund

Correct:

• Many of her supporters would benefit from her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.

Incorrect:

• Many of her supporters would benefit resulting from her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.
• Many of her supporters would benefit by her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.
• Many of her supporters would benefit out of her plan to expand tax breaks for the middle class.

بسیاری از حامیان او از طرح او برای گسترش معافیت های مالیاتی برای طبقه متوسط سود می برند.

Question 55

54.

1. There is nothing better compared to a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things besides water.
2. There is nothing better than a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things than water.
3. There is nothing better as a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things as water.
4. There is nothing better rather than a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things rather than water.

Answer 55

than
Construction:
better than+ noun/gerund;
better X than Y

Correct:

• There is nothing better than a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things than water.

Incorrect:

• There is nothing better compared to a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things besides water.
• There is nothing better as a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things as water.
• There is nothing better rather than a glass of iced tea on a hot summer day, but there are worse things rather than water.

هیچ چیز بهتر از یک لیوان چای سرد در یک روز گرم تابستانی نیست، اما چیزهایی بدتر از آب وجود دارد.
Note: This construction is also valid for the following: worse than, greater than, less than, more than, larger than, smaller than, sooner than.

Question 56

55.

1. The couple couldn’t decide between a DJ and a band for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.
2. The couple couldn’t decide between a DJ or a band for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.
3. The couple couldn’t decide between a DJ or else a band for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.

Answer 56

… and
Construction:
between X and Y

Correct:
* The couple couldn’t decide between a DJ and a band for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.

Incorrect:
* The couple couldn’t decide between a DJ or a band for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.
* The couple couldn’t decide between a DJ or else a band for their wedding, so they flipped a coin.

این زوج نمی توانستند بین یک دی جی و یک گروه برای عروسی خود تصمیم بگیرند، بنابراین یک سکه انداختند.

Question 57

56.

1. His success was born of hard work.
2. His success was born out from hard work.

Answer 57

of
Construction:
born of+ noun

Correct:
* His success was born of hard work.

Incorrect:
* His success was born out from hard work.

موفقیت او زاییده سخت کوشی بود.

Note: Means “a result of.”

Question 58

57.

1. Material from both the readings as well as the class discussion will be covered on the test.
2. Material from both the readings and the class discussion will be covered on the test.
3. Material from both the readings in addition to the class discussion will be covered on the test.

Answer 58

… and
Construction:
both X and Y

Correct:
* Material from both the readings and the class discussion will be covered on the test.

Incorrect:
* Material from both the readings as well as the class discussion will be covered on the test.
* Material from both the readings in addition to the class discussion will be covered on the test.

مطالب مربوط به خواندن و بحث کلاس در آزمون پوشش داده خواهد شد.

Question 59

58.

1. Recent studies show that humans are far less capable for multitasking than people previously believed.
2. Recent studies show that humans are far less capable about multitasking than people previously believed.
3. Recent studies show that humans are far less capable of multitasking than people previously believed.
4. Recent studies show that humans are far less capable to multitask than people previously believed.

Answer 59

of
Construction:
capable of+ noun/gerund

Correct:
* Recent studies show that humans are far less capable of multitasking than people previously believed.

Incorrect:
* Recent studies show that humans are far less capable for multitasking than people previously believed.
* Recent studies show that humans are far less capable about multitasking than people previously believed.
* Recent studies show that humans are far less capable to multitask than people previously believed.

مطالعات اخیر نشان می‌دهد که انسان‌ها به مراتب کمتر از آنچه که قبلاً تصور می‌شد، توانایی انجام چند کار را دارند.

Question 60

59.

1. The discussion centered around fracking’s environmental impact.
2. The discussion centered on fracking’s environmental impact.
3. The discussion centered onto fracking’s environmental impact.
4. The discussion centered in fracking’s environmental impact.

Answer 60

on
Construction:
center on+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The discussion centered on fracking’s environmental impact.

Incorrect:

• The discussion centered around fracking’s environmental impact.
• The discussion centered onto fracking’s environmental impact.
• The discussion centered in fracking’s environmental impact.

بحث بر روی تاثیرات زیست محیطی فرکینگ متمرکز بود.

Question 61

60.

1. The prix fixe offered a choice for three main courses.
2. The prix fixe offered a choice about three main courses.
3. The prix fixe offered a choice of three main courses.
4. The prix fixe offered a choice as to three main courses.

Answer 61

of
Construction:
choice of+ noun

Correct:

• The prix fixe offered a choice of three main courses.

Incorrect:

• The prix fixe offered a choice for three main courses.
• The prix fixe offered a choice about three main courses.
• The prix fixe offered a choice as to three main courses.

فیکس جایزه انتخابی از سه کورس اصلی را ارائه می‌کرد.

Question 62

61.

1. The actor chose a brightly colored suit from the designer’s fall collection.
2. The actor chose a brightly colored suit among the designer’s fall collection.

Answer 62

from
Construction:
choose from+ noun;
choose X from Y

Correct:

• The actor chose a brightly colored suit from the designer’s fall collection.

این بازیگر کت و شلواری با رنگ روشن از مجموعه پاییزی این طراح انتخاب کرده است.

Question 63

62.

1. The actor chose to practice his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.
2. The actor chose on practicing his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.
3. The actor chose about practicing his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.

Answer 63

to
Construction:

choose to + base verb;
choose X to Y

Correct:
* The actor chose to practice his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.

Incorrect:

• The actor chose on practicing his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.
• The actor chose about practicing his lines without the aid of a teleprompter.

این بازیگر تصمیم گرفت خطوط دیالوگ خود را بدون کمک تله پرومتر تمرین کند.

Question 64

63.

1. The cars collided into each other in the intersection.
2. The cars collided with each other in the intersection.
3. The cars collided on each other in the intersection.
4. The cars collided to each other in the intersection.

kəˈlaɪd

Answer 64

with
Construction:
collide with + noun

Correct:

• The cars collided with each other in the intersection.

Incorrect:

• The cars collided into each other in the intersection.
• The cars collided on each other in the intersection.
• The cars collided to each other in the intersection.

خودروها در چهارراه با یکدیگر برخورد کردند.

Question 65

64.

1. The police commissioner refused to comment into an active investigation.
2. The police commissioner refused to comment on an active investigation.
3. The police commissioner refused to comment as to an active investigation.

Answer 65

on
Construction:
comment on + noun/gerund

Correct:

• The police commissioner refused to comment on an active investigation.

Incorrect:

• The police commissioner refused to comment into an active investigation.
• The police commissioner refused to comment as to an active investigation.

کمیسر پلیس از اظهار نظر در مورد تحقیقات فعال خودداری کرد.

Question 66

65.

1. After they compared the new model with the old one, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.
2. After they compared between the new model and the old one, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.
3. After they compared the new model from the old one, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.

Answer 66

with
Construction:
compare X with Y

Correct:

• After they compared the new model with the old one, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.

Incorrect:

• After they compared between the new model and the old one, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.
• After they compared the new model from the old one, the reviewers were unsure which they preferred.

پس از مقایسه مدل جدید با مدل قبلی، بازبینان مطمئن نبودند که کدام را ترجیح می دهند.
Note: When we compare X with Y, we compare two items and consider their similarities and
differences.

Question 67

66.

1. The young artist is already being compared as being like Dali.
2. The young artist is already being compared to Dali.

Answer 67

to
Construction:
compare X to Y

Correct:

• The young artist is already being compared to Dali.

Incorrect:

• The young artist is already being compared as being like Dali.

این هنرمند جوان در حال حاضر با دالی مقایسه شده است.

Note: When we compare X to Y, generally we are expressing that X is similar to Y. However, people also use “compare X to Y” in the same way as they use “compare X with Y,” to express that two items are being compared and their similarities and differences are being considered.

Question 68

67.

1. Olive oil combined along with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon makes a delicious salad dressing.
2. Olive oil combined to balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon makes a delicious salad dressing.
3. Olive oil combined with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon makes a delicious salad dressing.

Answer 68

with
Construction:
combine X with Y;
X combines with Y

Correct:

• Olive oil combined with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon makes a delicious salad dressing.

Incorrect:

• Olive oil combined along with balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon makes a delicious salad dressing.
• Olive oil combined to balsamic vinegar and fresh lemon makes a delicious salad dressing.

روغن زیتون همراه با سرکه بالزامیک و لیموی تازه یک سس سالاد خوشمزه می سازد.

Question 69

68.

1. Political opponents must reach across the aisle to address the concerns that are common regarding all of us.
2. Political opponents must reach across the aisle to address the concerns that are common to all of us.

Answer 69

to
Construction:
X is common to Y

Correct:

• Political opponents must reach across the aisle to address the concerns that are common to all of us.

Incorrect:

• Political opponents must reach across the aisle to address the concerns that are common regarding all of us.

Note: “Common to” is used to mean “shared by.”
رقبای سیاسی باید برای رفع نگرانی‌هایی که برای همه ما مشترک است، به یک مصالحه متقابل برسند.

Question 70

69.

1. Natasha had nothing in common with her coworkers, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.
2. Natasha had nothing in common to her coworkers, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.
3. Natasha had nothing in common along with her coworkers, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.

Answer 70

with
Construction:
X [has] Y in common with Z

Correct:

• Natasha had nothing in common with her coworkers, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.

Incorrect:

• Natasha had nothing in common to her coworkers, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.
• Natasha had nothing in common along with her coworkers, so she felt very uncomfortable at happy hour.

ناتاشا هیچ وجه اشتراکی با همکارانش نداشت، بنابراین در هپی آور تا حدودی احساس ناراحتی می کرد.

Question 71

70.

1. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate about the late start.
2. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate for the late start.
3. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate as to the late start.
4. The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate in light of the late start.

Answer 71

for
Construction:
compensate for+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate for the late start.

Incorrect:

• The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate about the late start.
• The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate as to the late start.
• The meeting ended a half-hour later than scheduled to compensate in light of the late start.

برای جبران تاخیر شروع جلسه نیم ساعت دیرتر از موعد مقرر به پایان رسید.

Question 72

71.

1. If you don’t comply to the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.
2. If you don’t comply about the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.
3. If you don’t comply with the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.
4. If you don’t comply along with the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.

kəmˈplaɪ

Answer 72

with
Construction:
comply with+ noun

Correct:

• If you don’t comply with the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.

Incorrect:

• If you don’t comply to the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.
• If you don’t comply about the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.
• If you don’t comply along with the officer’s instructions, you may be charged with resisting arrest.

to do what you have to do or are asked to do

اگر از دستورات افسر تبعیت نکنید، ممکن است به «مقاومت در برابر دستگیری» متهم شوید.

Question 73

72.

1. The city council was composed of residents of all ages and backgrounds.
2. The city council was composed from residents of all ages and backgrounds.
3. The city council was composed by residents of all ages and backgrounds.

Answer 73

of
Construction:
composed of+ noun

Correct:

• The city council was composed of residents of all ages and backgrounds.

Incorrect:

• The city council was composed from residents of all ages and backgrounds.
• The city council was composed by residents of all ages and backgrounds.

شورای شهر متشکل از ساکنان با هر سن و پیشینه بود

Note: Means “made up of.”

Question 74

73.

1. The metropolitan area comprises the city and five surrounding counties.
2. The metropolitan area comprises with the city and five surrounding counties.

kəmˈpraɪzez

Answer 74

Construction:
comprises+ noun

Correct:

• The metropolitan area comprises the city and five surrounding counties.

Note: Means “includes,” “contains,” or “consists of.”

Question 75

74.

1. The board was more concerned on passing a balanced budget than on anything else on the agenda.
2. The board was more concerned in passing a balanced budget than in anything else on the agenda.
3. The board was more concerned to pass a balanced budget than anything else on the agenda.
4. The board was more concerned with passing a balanced budget than with anything else on the agenda.

Answer 75

with
Construction:
concerned with+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The board was more concerned with passing a balanced budget than with anything else on the agenda.

Incorrect:

• The board was more concerned on passing a balanced budget than on anything else on the agenda.
• The board was more concerned in passing a balanced budget than in anything else on the agenda.
• The board was more concerned to pass a balanced budget
• than anything else on the agenda.

هیئت مدیره بیش از هر چیز دیگری که در دستور کار بود، به تصویب یک بودجه متوازن توجه داشت.
Note: Indicates a focus on or interest in something (as opposed to a worry about something).

Question 76

75.

1. Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive for productive debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.
2. Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive to productive debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.
3. Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive of productive debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.
4. Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive to productively debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.

kənˈduːsɪv

Answer 76

to
Construction:
conducive to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive to productive debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.

Incorrect:

• Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive for productive debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.
• Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive of productive debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.
• Such harsh rhetoric is not conducive to productively debate and is unlikely to lead to compromise.

چنین لفاظی های تند برای بحث های سازنده مناسب نیست و بعید است که منجر به سازش شود.

Question 77

76.

1. Avant-garde artists do not conform into social and cultural trends, and thus are often viewed as controversial.
2. Avant-garde artists do not conform regarding social and cultural trends, and thus are often viewed as controversial.
3. Avant-garde artists do not conform to social and cultural trends, and thus are often viewed as controversial.

kənˈfɔːrm

Answer 77

to
Construction:
conform to+ noun

Correct:

• Avant-garde artists do not conform to social and cultural trends, and thus are often viewed as controversial.

Incorrect:

• Avant-garde artists do not conform into social and cultural trends, and thus are often viewed as controversial.
• Avant-garde artists do not conform regarding social and cultural trends, and thus are often viewed as controversial.

هنرمندان آوانگارد از روندهای اجتماعی و فرهنگی تبعیت نمی کنند و بنابراین اغلب بحث برانگیز تلقی می شوند.
Note: Means “be or act in accordance with.” Widely considered interchangeable with “conform with.”

Question 78

77.

1. All articles submitted for publication must conform under this format.
2. All articles submitted for publication must conform with this format.
3. All articles submitted for publication must conform onto this format.

match or fit

Answer 78

with
Construction:
conform with + noun

Correct:

• All articles submitted for publication must conform with this format.

Incorrect:

• All articles submitted for publication must conform under this format.
• All articles submitted for publication must conform onto this format.

کلیه مقالات ارسال شده برای چاپ باید با این قالب مطابقت داشته باشد.

Note: Means “match or fit with.” Widely considered interchangeable with “conform to.”

Question 79

78.

1. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence from the corporate restructuring.
2. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence of the corporate restructuring.
3. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence because of the corporate restructuring.
4. Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence to the corporate restructuring.

Answer 79

of
Construction:
consequence of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence of the corporate restructuring.

Incorrect:

• Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence from the corporate restructuring.
• Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence because of the corporate restructuring.
• Numerous mid-level employees were laid off as a consequence to the corporate restructuring.

تعداد زیادی از کارکنان سطح متوسط در نتیجه تجدید ساختار شرکت اخراج شدند.

Question 80

79

1. Pundits consider the referendum likely to pass with overwhelming support.
2. Pundits consider the referendum to be likely to pass with overwhelming support.
3. Pundits consider the referendum as being to pass with overwhelming support.
4. Pundits consider that the referendum is likely to pass with overwhelming support.

Answer 80

Construction:
Consider X [BLANK] Y
consider+ noun/gerund
+[characteristic/thing]

Correct:

• Pundits consider the referendum likely to pass with overwhelming support.

Incorrect:

• Pundits consider the referendum to be likely to pass with overwhelming support.
• Pundits consider the referendum as being to pass with overwhelming support.
• Pundits consider that the referendum is likely to pass with overwhelming support.

کارشناسان احتمال می دهند که همه پرسی با حمایت قاطع به تصویب برسد.

Question 81

80.

1. The reading list consisted about both novels and nonfiction works on the Soviet era.
2. The reading list consisted with both novels and nonfiction works on the Soviet era.
3. The reading list consisted of both novels and nonfiction works on the Soviet era.

Answer 81

of
Construction:
consist of+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The reading list consisted of both novels and nonfiction works on the Soviet era.

Incorrect:

• The reading list consisted about both novels and nonfiction works on the Soviet era.
• The reading list consisted with both novels and nonfiction works on the Soviet era.

فهرست مطالعه شامل رمان‌ها و آثار غیرداستانی مربوط به دوران شوروی بود.

Question 82

81.

1. The shattered window was consistent to a break-in.
2. The shattered window was consistent with a break-in.
3. The shattered window was consistent of a break-in.

Answer 82

with
Construction:
consistent with+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• The shattered window was consistent with a break-in.

Incorrect:

• The shattered window was consistent to a break-in.
• The shattered window was consistent of a break-in.

پنجره لرزیده با یک شکستگی درونی مانده بود.

if a fact, idea etc is consistent with another one, it seems to match it

Question 83

82.

1. The soldiers continued to advance through the wilderness as night fell.
2. The soldiers continued in advancing through the wilderness as night fell.
3. The soldiers continued at advancing through the wilderness as night fell.

Answer 83

to
Construction:
continue to+ base verb

Correct:

• The soldiers continued to advance through the wilderness as night fell.

Incorrect:

• The soldiers continued in advancing through the wilderness as night fell.
• The soldiers continued at advancing through the wilderness as night fell.

با فرا رسیدن شب، سربازان به پیشروی در بیابان ادامه دادند.

Question 84

83.

1. If you contrast his findings against those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.
2. If you contrast his findings from those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.
3. If you contrast his findings along with those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.
4. If you contrast his findings with those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.

ˈkɑːntræst

Answer 84

with
Construction:
contrast X with Y;
X contrasts with Y

Correct:

• If you contrast his findings with those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.

Incorrect:

• If you contrast his findings against those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.
• If you contrast his findings from those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.
• If you contrast his findings along with those of previous studies, you will see that further research is necessary.

اگر یافته های او را با یافته های مطالعات قبلی مقایسه کنید، خواهید دید که تحقیقات بیشتر ضروری است.

Question 85

84.

1. The executive order stands in stark contrast to the president’s campaign promise.
2. The executive order stands in stark contrast against the president’s campaign promise.
3. The executive order stands in stark contrast compared to the president’s campaign promise.
4. The executive order stands in stark contrast from the president’s campaign promise.

Answer 85

to
Construction:
in contrast to+ noun;
in contrast to X, Y

Correct:

• The executive order stands in stark contrast to the president’s campaign promise.

Incorrect:

• The executive order stands in stark contrast against the president’s campaign promise.
• The executive order stands in stark contrast compared to the president’s campaign promise.
• The executive order stands in stark contrast from the president’s campaign promise.

فرمان اجرایی کاملاً در تضاد با وعده تبلیغاتی رئیس جمهور است.

Question 86

85.

1. Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed for the end of the Cold War.
2. Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed as to the end of the Cold War.
3. Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed to the end of the Cold War.
4. Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed into the end of the Cold War.

Answer 86

to
Construction:
contribute to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed to the end of the Cold War.

Incorrect:

• Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed for the end of the Cold War.
• Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed as to the end of the Cold War.
• Gorbachev’s glasnost policy greatly contributed into the end of the Cold War.

سیاست گلاسنوست گورباچف کمک زیادی به پایان جنگ سرد کرد.

Question 87

86.

1. Contrary from popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.
2. Contrary against popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.
3. Contrary to popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.
4. Contrary of popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.

ˈkɑːntreri

Answer 87

to
Construction:
contrary to+ noun

Correct:

• Contrary to popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.

Incorrect:

• Contrary from popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.
• Contrary against popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.
• Contrary of popular belief, pearls do not typically form from grains of sand.

برخلاف تصور رایج، مرواریدها معمولاً از دانه های شن تشکیل نمی شوند.

Question 88

87.

1. The human body converts carbohydrates to glucose for energy.
2. The human body converts carbohydrates over to glucose for energy.

Answer 88

to
Construction:
convert X to Y;
convert to+ noun

Correct:

• The human body converts carbohydrates to glucose for energy.

Incorrect:

• The human body converts carbohydrates over to glucose for energy.

بدن انسان کربوهیدرات ها را برای انرژی به گلوکز تبدیل می کند.

Question 89

88.

1. Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn’t convinced that she will be able to stick with it.
2. Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn’t convincing that she will be able to stick with it.

Answer 89

that
Construction:
convince [someone] that+ noun clause;
is convinced that+ noun clause

Correct:

• Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn’t convinced that she will be able to stick with it.

Incorrect:

• Although Rashida likes her workout routine, she isn’t convincing that she will be able to stick with it.

اگرچه رشیدا برنامه تمرینی خود را دوست دارد، اما متقاعد نشده است که بتواند به آن پایبند باشد.

Question 90

89.

1. Andrei’s best friend convinced him into joining the organization.
2. Andrei’s best friend convinced him as to joining the organization.
3. Andrei’s best friend convinced him on joining the organization.
4. Andrei’s best friend convinced him to join the organization.

Answer 90

to
Construction:
convince [someone] to+ base verb

Correct:

• Andrei’s best friend convinced him to join the organization.

Incorrect:

• Andrei’s best friend convinced him into joining the organization.
• Andrei’s best friend convinced him as to joining the organization.
• Andrei’s best friend convinced him on joining the organization.

بهترین دوست آندری او را متقاعد کرد که به سازمان بپیوندد.

Question 91

90.

1. The number of ballots counted did not correspond given the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.
2. The number of ballots counted did not correspond to the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.
3. The number of ballots counted did not correspond in the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.
4. The number of ballots counted did not correspond along with the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.

ˌkɑːrɪəˈspɑːnd,

Answer 91

to
Construction:
correspond to+ noun

Correct:

• The number of ballots counted did not correspond to the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.

Incorrect:

• The number of ballots counted did not correspond given the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.
• The number of ballots counted did not correspond in the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.
• The number of ballots counted did not correspond along with the number of signatures on the voter roll, so a recount was done.

تعداد آرای شمارش شده با تعداد امضاهای فهرست رای دهندگان مطابقت نداشت، بنابراین بازشماری انجام شد.
Note: Means “match” or “be equivalent/analogous to” (as opposed to an exchange of communications, i.e., “correspond with”).

Question 92

91.

1. As the cost for college continued to rise, the cost from families became untenable.
2. As the cost of college continued to rise, the cost to families became untenable

Answer 92

of/to
Construction:
cost of/to+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• As the cost of college continued to rise, the cost to families became untenable.

Incorrect:

• As the cost for college continued to rise, the cost from families became untenable.

Untenable: so difficult that it is impossible to continue

با افزایش هزینه های دانشگاه، هزینه های خانواده ها غیرقابل تحمل شد.

Question 93

92.

1. Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited in inventing the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.
2. Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited for inventing the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.
3. Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited to have invented the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.
4. Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.

Answer 93

with
Construction:
credit X with Y;
credit with+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited with inventing the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.

Incorrect:

• Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited in inventing the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.
• Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited for inventing the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.
• Although Alexander Graham Bell is credited to have invented the telephone, Antonio Meucci developed a design for the telephone several years before Bell filed his patent.

اگرچه الکساندر گراهام بل به عنوان اختراع تلفن شناخته می شود، آنتونیو میوچی چندین سال قبل از ثبت اختراع خود، طرحی را برای تلفن ایجاد کرد.

Question 94

93.

1. Sandy took credit about the creation of the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.
2. Sandy took credit for the creation of the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.
3. Sandy took credit as to the creation of the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.
4. Sandy took credit that she created the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.

Answer 94

for
Construction:
verb+ credit for+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Sandy took credit for the creation of the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.

Incorrect:

• Sandy took credit about the creation of the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.
• Sandy took credit as to the creation of the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.
• Sandy took credit that she created the algorithm, but it was actually a group effort.

سندی اعتبار ایجاد این الگوریتم را بر عهده گرفت، اما در واقع این یک تلاش گروهی بود.
Note: Frequently preceded by the verbs “give” (e.g., give X credit for Y) or “take” (e.g., take credit for X).

Question 95

94.

1. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit to the organization.
2. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit with the organization.
3. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit at the organization.
4. Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit for the organization.

Answer 95

to
Construction:
a credit to+ noun

Correct:

• Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit to the organization.

Incorrect:

• Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit with the organization.
• Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit at the organization.
• Dan, who has handled the situation quite well, is a credit for the organization.

دن، که وضعیت را به خوبی مدیریت کرده است، برای سازمان یک اعتبار است.

Question 96

95.

1. The fossil was dated at 350 million years old.
2. The fossil was dated as being 350 million years old.
3. The fossil was dated to be 350 million years old.
4. The fossil was dated that it was 350 million years old.

Answer 96

at
Construction:
date [thing]+ at [age]

Correct:

• The fossil was dated at 350 million years old.

Incorrect:

• The fossil was dated as being 350 million years old.
• The fossil was dated to be 350 million years old.
• The fossil was dated that it was 350 million years old.

قدمت این فسیل 350 میلیون سال است.

Note: “Date at” is a rarely used idiom that means “determine to be” (x years old).

Question 97

96.

1. Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates in the 5th century.
2. Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates as of the 5th century.
3. Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates from the 5th century.
4. Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates out of the 5th century.

Answer 97

from
Construction:
[thing]+ dates from + [time]

Correct:

• Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates from the 5th century.

Incorrect:

• Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates in the 5th century.
• Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates as of the 5th century.
• Archaeologists have determined that the vase dates out of the 5th century.

باستان شناسان مشخص کرده اند که قدمت این گلدان به قرن پنجم می رسد.
Note: Means “came into being in.”

Question 98

97.

1. Aid workers spent months dealing from the aftermath of the hurricane.
2. Aid workers spent months dealing regarding the aftermath of the hurricane.
3. Aid workers spent months dealing with the aftermath of the hurricane.

Answer 98

with
Construction:
deal with+ noun/gerund

Correct:

• Aid workers spent months dealing with the aftermath of the hurricane.

Incorrect:

• Aid workers spent months dealing from the aftermath of the hurricane.
• Aid workers spent months dealing regarding the aftermath of the hurricane.

امدادگران ماه ها را صرف مقابله با پیامدهای طوفان کردند.

Question 99

98.

1. The debate of how to allocate the revenue lasted well into the night.
2. The debate as to how to allocate the revenue lasted well into the night.
3. The debate over how to allocate the revenue lasted well into the night.

Answer 99

on/over
Construction:
debate on/over+ [issue]

Correct:

• The debate over how to allocate the revenue lasted well into the night.

Incorrect:

• The debate of how to allocate the revenue lasted well into the night.
• The debate as to how to allocate the revenue lasted well into the night.

بحث در مورد نحوه تخصیص درآمد تا پایان شب ادامه داشت.

Question 100

99.

1. His publicist defended him away from the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.
2. His publicist defended him to the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.
3. His publicist defended him against the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.
4. His publicist defended him from the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.

Answer 100

against/from
Construction:
defend against X;
defend X against Y

Correct:

• His publicist defended him against the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.
• His publicist defended him from the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.

Incorrect:

• His publicist defended him away from the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.
• His publicist defended him to the media onslaught during his contentious divorce.

مشاور مطبوعاتی اش از او در برابر هجوم رسانه‌ها در طول طلاق جنجالی‌اش دفاع کرد.
مشاور مطبوعاتی اش او در جریان طلاق مشاجره‌آمیزش از او در برابر هجوم رسانه‌ها دفاع کرد.

Question 101

100.

1. Many define healing as being attaining a state of harmony.
2. Many define healing to be attaining a state of harmony.
3. Many define healing as attaining a state of harmony.
4. Many define healing is attaining a state of harmony.

Answer 101

as
Construction:
define X as Y;
define as+ noun

Correct:

• Many define healing as attaining a state of harmony.

Incorrect:

• Many define healing as being attaining a state of harmony.
• Many define healing to be attaining a state of harmony.
• Many define healing is attaining a state of harmony.

بسیاری شفا را رسیدن به حالت هماهنگی تعریف می کنند.

Note: Similar verbs that take this construction include the following: depict, perceive, regard, see, view.

Question 102

101.

1. Lena was delighted from her sister’s suggestion that they split the lottery winnings.
2. Lena was delighted based on her sister’s suggestion that they split the lottery winnings.
3. Lena was delighted by her sister’s suggestion that they split the lottery winnings.

Answer 102

by
Construction:
delighted by+ noun

Correct:

• Lena was delighted by her sister’s suggestion that they split the lottery winnings.

Incorrect:

• Lena was delighted from her sister’s suggestion that they split the lottery winnings.
• Lena was delighted based on her sister’s suggestion that they split the lottery winnings.

لنا از پیشنهاد خواهرش مبنی بر تقسیم بردهای لاتاری خوشحال شد.

Note: “Delighted by” is usually followed by a person or something that someone has done.

Question 103

102.

1. Sienna was delighted from the new technology.
2. Sienna was delighted with the new technology.
3. Sienna was delighted on the new technology.

Answer 103

with
Construction:
delighted with+ noun

Correct:
* Sienna was delighted with the new technology.

Incorrect:
* Sienna was delighted from the new technology.
* Sienna was delighted on the new technology.

سینا از فناوری جدید خوشحال شد.

Note: “Delighted with” is usually followed by an inanimate object or other thing that pleases someone.

Question 104

103.

1. The company demands for all prospective employees to pass a drug test before a formal offer is made.
2. The company demands that all prospective employees pass a drug test before a formal offer is made.
3. The company demands all prospective employees passing a drug test before a formal offer is made.
4. The company demands all prospective employees to pass a drug test before a formal offer is made.

Answer 104

that
Construction:
demand that+ clause

Correct:

• The company demands that all prospective employees pass a drug test before a formal offer is made.

Incorrect:

• The company demands for all prospective employees to pass a drug test before a formal offer is made.
• The company demands all prospective employees passing a drug test before a formal offer is made.
• The company demands all prospective employees to pass a drug test before a formal offer is made.

این شرکت خواستار آن است که همه کارمندان بالقوه قبل از ارائه یک پیشنهاد رسمی آزمایش دارو را انجام دهند.

Question 105

104.

1. All domesticated dogs descended of wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant from British royalty.
2. All domesticated dogs descended with wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant to British royalty.
3. All domesticated dogs descended from wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant of British royalty.
4. All domesticated dogs descended down from wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant out of British royalty.

Answer 105

from / descendant of
Construction:
X descends from Y; descendant of + noun

Correct:

• All domesticated dogs descended from wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant of British royalty.

Incorrect:

• All domesticated dogs descended of wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant from British royalty.
• All domesticated dogs descended with wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant to British royalty.
• All domesticated dogs descended down from wolves, though my dog acts like a descendant out of British royalty.

همه سگ های اهلی از نسل گرگ ها هستند، اگرچه سگ من مانند یک نواده خانواده سلطنتی بریتانیا رفتار می کند.

Question 106

105.

1. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are desirous for wealth and envious for others’ power.
2. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders desirous about wealth and envious on others’ power.
3. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders desirous to get wealth and envious to have others’ power.
4. The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are desirous of wealth and envious of others’ power.

Answer 106

of
Construction:
desirous of+ noun

Correct:
* The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are desirous of wealth and envious of others’ power.

Incorrect:
* The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders who are desirous for wealth and envious for others’ power.
* The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders desirous about wealth and envious on others’ power.
* The populist rhetoric of tyrannical governments provides a smoke screen for leaders desirous to get wealth and envious to have others’ power.

لفاظی های پوپولیستی دولت های ظالم پرده دودی برای رهبرانی فراهم می کند که تشنه ثروت و به قدرت دیگران هستند.

Note: Another adjective that takes this construction is envious.

Question 107

106.

1. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined from both nature and nurture.
2. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined with both nature and nurture.
3. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined considering both nature and nurture.
4. Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined by both nature and nurture.

Answer 107

Construction:
X is determined by Y

Correct:
* Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined by both nature and nurture.

دانشمندان بر این باورند که هوش فردی هم توسط طبیعت و هم توسط پرورش تعیین می شود

Incorrect:
* Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined from both nature and nurture.
* Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined with both nature and nurture.
* Scientists believe that individual intelligence is determined considering both nature and nurture.

دانشمندان بر این باورند که هوش فردی هم توسط طبیعت و هم توسط پرورش تعیین می شود

Question 108

107.

1. IQ tests are very different compared to other types of exams, and thus the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs compared to that of any other exam.
2. IQ tests are very different from other types of exams, and thus the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs from that of any other exam.
3. IQ tests are very different as to other types of exams, and thus the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs as to that of any other exam.

Answer 108

from I differ from
Construction:
Xis different from Y; X differs from Y

Correct:
* IQ tests are very different from other types of exams, and thus the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs from that of any other exam.

Incorrect:
* IQ tests are very different compared to other types of exams, and thus the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs compared to that of any other exam.
* IQ tests are very different as to other types of exams, and thus the scoring methodology for IQ tests differs as to that of any other exam.

تست‌های هوش بسیار متفاوت از انواع دیگر آزمون‌ها هستند و بنابراین روش نمره‌دهی برای تست‌های هوش با هر آزمون دیگری متفاوت است.

Question 109

108.

1. Politically conservative citizens often differ widely as to their beliefs.
2. Politically conservative citizens often differ widely in their beliefs.
3. Politically conservative citizens often differ widely between their beliefs.

Answer 109

in
Construction:
X and Y differ in Z; X differ in Y

Correct:
* Politically conservative citizens often differ widely in their beliefs.

Incorrect:
* Politically conservative citizens often differ widely as to their beliefs.
* Politically conservative citizens often differ widely between their beliefs.

شهروندان محافظه کار سیاسی اغلب در عقایدشان تفاوت های زیادی دارند.

Question 110

109.

1. The difference between investing or speculating is not clear to many market participants.
2. The difference as to investing and speculating is not clear to many market participants.
3. The difference regarding investing and speculating is not clear to many market participants
4. The difference between investing and speculating is not clear to many market participants.

Answer 110

between
Construction:
difference between X and Y

Correct:

• The difference between investing and speculating is not clear to many market participants.

Incorrect:

• The difference between investing or speculating is not clear to many market participants.
• The difference as to investing and speculating is not clear to many market participants.
• The difference regarding investing and speculating is not clear to many market participants.

تفاوت بین سرمایه گذاری و سفته بازی برای بسیاری از فعالان بازار روشن نیست.

Question 111

110.

1. Initially, it was difficult as to assess the damage because the floodwaters were so high.
2. Initially, it was difficult in assessing the damage because the floodwaters were so high.
3. Initially, it was difficult to assess the damage because the floodwaters were so high.

Answer 111

to
Construction:
difficult to+ base verb

Correct:
* Initially, it was difficult to assess the damage because the floodwaters were so high.

Incorrect:
* Initially, it was difficult as to assess the damage because the floodwaters were so high.
* Initially, it was difficult in assessing the damage because the floodwaters were so high.

در ابتدا ارزیابی خسارات وارده دشوار بود زیرا سیلاب بسیار زیاد بود.

Question 112

111.

1. Sheila tried to discourage her son about watching TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.
2. Sheila tried to discourage her son against watching TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.
3. Sheila tried to discourage her son from watching TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.
4. Sheila tried to discourage her son not to watch TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.

Answer 112

from
Construction:
discourage X from Y;
discourage from+ gerund

Correct:
* Sheila tried to discourage her son from watching TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.

Incorrect:
* Sheila tried to discourage her son about watching TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.
* Sheila tried to discourage her son against watching TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.
* Sheila tried to discourage her son not to watch TV all afternoon by suggesting that he play soccer with some of the other kids in the neighborhood.

شیلا سعی کرد پسرش را از تماشای تلویزیون در تمام بعدازظهر منصرف کند و به او پیشنهاد داد که با برخی از بچه‌های همسایه فوتبال بازی کند.

Question 113

112.

1. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed evidence.
2. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed of evidence.
3. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed away evidence.
4. The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed out evidence.

Answer 113

of
Construction:
dispose of+ noun

Correct:
* The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed of evidence.

Incorrect:
* The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed evidence.
* The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed away evidence.
* The judge declared a mistrial after the defense revealed that the investigating officer had improperly disposed out evidence.

قاضی پس از اینکه دفاعیات فاش کرد که افسر تحقیق به طور نامناسبی مدارک را دور ریخته است، اعلام محاکمه کرد.

Question 114

113.

1. Children often have trouble distinguishing right or wrong, but they can at least distinguish between lying or telling the truth.
2. Children often have trouble distinguishing about right and wrong, but they can at least distinguish about lying and telling the truth.
3. Children often have trouble distinguishing right from wrong, but they can at least distinguish between lying and telling the truth.
4. Children often have trouble distinguishing right compared to wrong, but they can at least distinguish as to lying and telling the truth.

Answer 114

between/from
Construction:
distinguish between X and Y; distinguish X from Y

Correct:
* Children often have trouble distinguishing right from wrong, but they can at least distinguish between lying and telling the truth.

Incorrect:
* Children often have trouble distinguishing right or wrong, but they can at least distinguish between lying or telling the truth.
* Children often have trouble distinguishing about right and wrong, but they can at least distinguish about lying and telling
the truth.
* Children often have trouble distinguishing right compared to wrong, but they can at least distinguish as to lying and telling the truth.

کودکان اغلب در تشخیص درست از نادرست مشکل دارند، اما حداقل می توانند بین دروغ گفتن و راستگویی تمایز قائل شوند.
Note: “Between” and “from” are also used with the noun form “distinction”: distinction between X and Y; distinction of
X from Y.

Question 115

114.

1. Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent apart from one another, even varying within cities.
2. Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent away from one another, even varying within cities.
3. Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent to one another, even varying within cities.
4. Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent from one another, even varying within cities.

Answer 115

from
Construction:
diverge/divergent from + noun

Correct:
* Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent from one another, even varying within cities.

Incorrect:
* Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent apart from one another, even varying within cities.
* Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent away from one another, even varying within cities.
* Within the Northeast U.S., local accents are surprisingly divergent to one another, even varying within cities.

در شمال شرقی ایالات متحده، لهجه‌های محلی به طرز شگفت‌آوری از یکدیگر متفاوت است، حتی در شهرها نیز متفاوت است.

Question 116

115.

1. When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she draws out of sad experiences from her own life; in comedic roles, she often draws inspiration out of her childhood.
2. When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she draws on sad experiences from her own life; in comedic roles, she often draws inspiration from her childhood.
3. When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she draws based on sad experiences from her own life; in comedic roles, she often draws inspiration based on her childhood.

Answer 116

on/from
Construction:
draw on X; draw X from Y

Correct:
* When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she draws on sad experiences from her own life; in comedic roles, she often draws inspiration from her childhood.

Incorrect:
* When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she draws out of sad experiences from her own life; in comedic roles, she often draws inspiration out of her childhood.
* When auditioning for a role in a tearjerker, she draws based on sad experiences from her own life; in comedic roles, she often draws inspiration based on her childhood.

او هنگام تست بازیگری برای یک نقش اشک آور، از تجربیات غم انگیز زندگی خود استفاده می کند. در نقش های کمدی، او اغلب از دوران کودکی خود الهام می گیرد.

Question 117

116.

1. The growing trend of “cord-cutting” in recent years has been due from increased competition from streaming services.
2. The growing trend of “cord-cutting” in recent years has been due out of increased competition from streaming services.
3. The growing trend of “cord-cutting” in recent years has been due to increased competition from streaming services.

Answer 117

to
Construction:
due to+ noun

Correct:
* The growing trend of “cord-cutting” in recent years has been due to increased competition from streaming services.

Incorrect:
* The growing trend of “cord-cutting” in recent years has been due from increased competition from streaming services.
* The growing trend of “cord-cutting” in recent years has been due out of increased competition from streaming services.

روند رو به رشد «قطع‌بندی» در سال‌های اخیر به دلیل افزایش رقابت از سوی سرویس‌های استریم بوده است.

Note: “Due to” and “because of” cannot be used interchangeably on the GMAT. “Due to” must essentially mean “caused by” in a sentence. Try replacing “due to” with “caused by” to see whether “due to” is correct.

Question 118

117.

1. You can either eat your vegetables or else go to your room; neither your father or else I will be happy if you choose the latter.
2. You can either eat your vegetables or otherwise go to your room; neither your father or I will be happy if you choose the latter.
3. You can either eat your vegetables, otherwise go to your room; not your father nor I will be happy if you choose the latter.
4. You can either eat your vegetables or go to your room; neither your father nor I will be happy if you choose the latter.

Answer 118

…or / …nor
Construction:
either X or Y; neither X nor Y

Correct:
* You can either eat your vegetables or go to your room; neither your father nor I will be happy if you choose the latter.

Incorrect:
* You can either eat your vegetables or else go to your room; neither your father or else I will be happy if you choose the latter.
* You can either eat your vegetables or otherwise go to your room; neither your father or I will be happy if you choose the latter.
* You can either eat your vegetables, otherwise go to your room; not your father nor I will be happy if you choose the latter.

می توانید سبزیجات خود را بخورید یا به اتاق خود بروید. اگر دومی را انتخاب کنی نه من و نه پدرت خوشحال نخواهیم شد.

Question 119

118.

1. John was embarrassed from his parents’ public displays of affection.
2. John was embarrassed by his parents’ public displays of affection.
3. John was embarrassed as to his parents’ public displays of affection.
4. John was embarrassed based on his parents’ public displays of affection.

Answer 119

by
Construction:
embarrassed by+ noun

Correct:
* John was embarrassed by his parents’ public displays of affection.

Incorrect:
* John was embarrassed from his parents’ public displays of affection.
* John was embarrassed as to his parents’ public displays of affection.
* John was embarrassed based on his parents’ public displays of affection.

جان از جلب توجه متظاهرانه والدینش خجالت کشید.
Note: Encouraged and discouraged can also take this construction.

Question 120

119.

1. While employed as being a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as being a bartender during the summers.
2. While employed as a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as a bartender during the summers.
3. While employed to be a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked in being a bartender during the summers.
4. While employed for a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as that of a bartender during the summers.

Answer 120

as
Construction:
employ as+ noun

Correct:
* While employed as a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as a bartender during the summers.

Incorrect:
* While employed as being a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as being a bartender during the summers.
* While employed to be a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked in being a bartender during the summers.
* While employed for a kindergarten teacher, Bethany also worked as that of a bartender during the summers.

بتانی در حالی که به عنوان معلم مهدکودک مشغول به کار بود، تابستان ها نیز به عنوان بارمن کار می کرد.
Note: Work also takes this construction. Verb may be conjugated.

Question 121

120.

1. The funding increase enabled the school in purchasing new textbooks.
2. The funding increase enabled the school to purchase new textbooks.
3. The funding increase enabled the school in the purchase of new textbooks.
4. The funding increase enabled the school of purchasing new textbooks.

Answer 121

to
Construction:
enable X to Y.

Correct:
* The funding increase enabled the school to purchase new textbooks.

Incorrect:
* The funding increase enabled the school in purchasing new textbooks.
* The funding increase enabled the school in the purchase of new textbooks.
* The funding increase enabled the school of purchasing new textbooks.

افزایش بودجه مدرسه را قادر به خرید کتاب های درسی جدید کرد.

Question 122

121.

1. The boys were enamored at the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.
2. The boys were enamored of the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.
3. The boys were enamored on the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.
4. The boys were enamored with the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.

Answer 122

of/with
Construction:
enamored of/with+ noun

Correct:
* The boys were enamored of the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.
* The boys were enamored with the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.

Incorrect:
* The boys were enamored at the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.
* The boys were enamored on the puppy and played fetch with it all morning.

پسرها شیفته توله سگ بودند و تمام صبح با او بازی می کردند.

Question 123

122.

1. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal to the task.
2. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal up against the task.
3. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal in facing the task.
4. Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal for the task.

Answer 123

to
Construction:
equal to+ noun

Correct:
* Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal to the task.

Incorrect:
* Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal up against the task.
* Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal in facing the task.
* Winning the tournament took incredible focus and stamina, but the team showed that they were equal for the task.

پیروزی در این تورنمنت تمرکز و استقامت باورنکردنی داشت، اما تیم نشان داد که توانایی اش را دارد

Question 124

123.

1. The family fortune was estimated as being nearly a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.
2. The family fortune was estimated for nearly a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.
3. The family fortune was estimated to be nearly a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.
4. The family fortune was estimated near to a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.

Answer 124

to be
Construction:
estimate X to be Y

Correct:
* The family fortune was estimated to be nearly a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.

Incorrect:
* The family fortune was estimated as being nearly a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.
* The family fortune was estimated for nearly a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.
* The family fortune was estimated near to a billion dollars, but much of the money was invested overseas.

ثروت خانواده نزدیک به یک میلیارد دلار تخمین زده شد، اما بسیاری از پول در خارج از کشور سرمایه گذاری شد.

Question 125

124.

1. Ruth expects for her kids to clean their dishes, so she didn’t expect for finding a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.
2. Ruth expects as to her kids cleaning their dishes, so she didn’t expect as to finding a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.
3. Ruth expects her kids to clean their dishes, so she didn’t expect to find a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.

Answer 125

to
Construction:
expect to + base verb;
expect X to Y

Correct:
Ruth expects her kids to clean their dishes, so she didn’t expect to find a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.

Incorrect:
Ruth expects for her kids to clean their dishes, so she didn’t expect for finding a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.
Ruth expects as to her kids cleaning their dishes, so she didn’t expect as to finding a mess in the kitchen when she got home late from work.

روث از بچه‌هایش انتظار دارد ظرف‌هایشان را تمیز کنند، بنابراین انتظار نداشت وقتی دیر از سر کار به خانه می‌رسد، آشفتگی در آشپزخانه پیدا کند.

Question 126

125.

1. The company expended so much of its annual budget on the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.
2. The company expended so much of its annual budget for the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.
3. The company expended so much of its annual budget to the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.
4. The company expended so much of its annual budget into the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.

Answer 126

on
Construction:
expend [time/resource]+ on [activity/thing]

Correct:
* The company expended so much of its annual budget on the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.

Incorrect:
* The company expended so much of its annual budget for the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.
* The company expended so much of its annual budget to the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.
* The company expended so much of its annual budget into the marketing campaign that there was no money left to give holiday bonuses to the employees.

این شرکت آنقدر از بودجه سالانه خود را صرف کمپین بازاریابی کرد که دیگر پولی برای دادن پاداش تعطیلات به کارمندان باقی نماند.

Question 127

126.

1. I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand onto those in need and expose their children into other ways of life.
2. I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand regarding those in need and expose their children regarding other ways of life.
3. I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand to those in need and expose their children to other ways of life.
4. I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand as to those in need and expose their children as to other ways of life.

Answer 127

to
Construction: extend X to Y; extend to + noun

Correct:
* I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand to those in need and expose their children to other ways of life.

Incorrect:
* I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand onto those in need and expose their children into other ways of life.
* I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand regarding those in need and expose their children regarding other ways of life.
* I admire celebrities who extend a helping hand as to those in need and expose their children as to other ways of life.

من افراد مشهوری را تحسین می کنم که دست یاری به سوی نیازمندان دراز می کنند و فرزندان خود را در معرض شیوه های دیگر زندگی قرار می دهند.

Note: The verbs expose and explain can also take this construction.

Question 128

127.

1. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent as to Charles Manson’s madness.
2. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent in regard to Charles Manson’s madness.
3. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent of Charles Manson’s madness.
4. The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent about Charles Manson’s madness.

Answer 128

of
Construction:
extent of+ noun

Correct:
* The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent of Charles Manson’s madness.

Incorrect:
* The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent as to Charles Manson’s madness.
* The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent in regard to Charles Manson’s madness.
* The interviews, conducted over many years, revealed the full extent about Charles Manson’s madness.

مصاحبه‌ها که طی سال‌ها انجام شد، گستره کامل جنون چارلز منسون را نشان داد.

Question 129

128.

1. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes for a more comfortable pair.
2. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair.
3. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair.
4. He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes into a more comfortable pair.

Answer 129

for
Construction:
exchange X for Y; exchange for+ noun

Correct:
* He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes for a more comfortable pair.

Incorrect:
* He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair.
* He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes to be a more comfortable pair.
* He knew he would be on his feet for most of the night, so he exchanged the shoes into a more comfortable pair.

او می‌دانست که بیشتر شب روی پا خواهد بود، بنابراین کفش‌ها را با یک جفت راحت‌تر عوض کرد.

Question 130

129.

1. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar about Beethoven’s Fifth.
2. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar as to Beethoven’s Fifth.
3. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar regarding Beethoven’s Fifth.
4. Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar with Beethoven’s Fifth.

Answer 130

with
Construction:
familiar with+ noun

Correct:
* Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar with Beethoven’s Fifth.

Incorrect:
* Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar about Beethoven’s Fifth.
* Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar as to Beethoven’s Fifth.
* Before he took the course in classical music, he wasn’t even familiar regarding Beethoven’s Fifth.

قبل از گذراندن دوره موسیقی کلاسیک، او حتی با قطعه پنجم بتهوون آشنا نبود.

Question 131

130.

1. Frannie is particularly fascinated by string theory.
2. Frannie is particularly fascinated on string theory.
3. Frannie is particularly fascinated about string theory.
4. Frannie is particularly fascinated with string theory.

Answer 131

by/with
Construction:
fascinated by/with + noun

Correct:
* Frannie is particularly fascinated by string theory.
* Frannie is particularly fascinated with string theory.

Incorrect:
* Frannie is particularly fascinated on string theory.
* Frannie is particularly fascinated about string theory.

فرانی به ویژه شیفته نظریه ریسمان است.

Question 132

131.

1. Frannie’s fascination with physics isn’t limited to controversial theories.
2. Frannie’s fascination on physics isn’t limited to controversial theories.
3. Frannie’s fascination about physics isn’t limited to controversial theories.

Answer 132

with
Construction:
fascination with+ noun

Correct:
* Frannie’s fascination with physics isn’t limited to controversial theories.

Incorrect:
* Frannie’s fascination on physics isn’t limited to controversial theories.
* Frannie’s fascination about physics isn’t limited to controversial theories.

شیفتگی فرانی به فیزیک به نظریه های بحث برانگیز محدود نمی شود.

Question 133

132.

1. Recent fluctuations to the stock market have made investors wary.
2. Recent fluctuations by the stock market have made investors wary.
3. Recent fluctuations in the stock market have made investors wary.
4. Recent fluctuations from the stock market have made investors wary.

Answer 133

in
Construction:
fluctuation in + noun

Correct:
* Recent fluctuations in the stock market have made investors wary.

Incorrect:
* Recent fluctuations to the stock market have made investors wary.
* Recent fluctuations by the stock market have made investors wary.
* Recent fluctuations from the stock market have made investors wary.

نوسانات اخیر در بازار سهام سرمایه گذاران را نگران کرده است.

Question 134

133.

1. You will get more accomplished by focusing on the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.
2. You will get more accomplished by focusing at the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.
3. You will get more accomplished by focusing to the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next
4. You will get more accomplished by focusing into the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.

Answer 134

on
Construction:
focus on+ noun/gerund

Correct:
* You will get more accomplished by focusing on the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.

Incorrect:
* You will get more accomplished by focusing at the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.
* You will get more accomplished by focusing to the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.
* You will get more accomplished by focusing into the task at hand rather than worrying about what you need to do next.

با تمرکز بر روی کاری که در دست دارید به جای نگرانی در مورد کارهایی که باید انجام دهید، به موفقیت بیشتری دست خواهید یافت.

Question 135

134.

1. The reading will be followed with a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.
2. The reading will be followed by a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.
3. The reading will be followed to a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.
4. The reading will be followed along with a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.

Answer 135

by
Construction:
followed by+ noun

Correct:
* The reading will be followed by a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.

Incorrect:
* The reading will be followed with a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.
* The reading will be followed to a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.
* The reading will be followed along with a brief question-and-answer period and then a book signing.

پس از قرائت یک دوره پرسش و پاسخ کوتاه و سپس امضای کتاب انجام خواهد شد.

Question 136

135.

1. For every thousand dollars in sales, then the company will donate one dollar to charity.
2. For every thousand dollars in sales, that means the company will donate one dollar to charity.
3. For every thousand dollars in sales, the company will donate one dollar to charity.

Answer 136

x, y
Construction:
for every+ noun, independent clause

Correct:
* For every thousand dollars in sales, the company will donate one dollar to charity.

Incorrect:
* For every thousand dollars in sales, then the company will donate one dollar to charity.
* For every thousand dollars in sales, that means the company will donate one dollar to charity.

به ازای هر هزار دلار فروش، این شرکت یک دلار به امور خیریه کمک می کند.

Note: Used to show a cause-and-effect relationship.

Question 137

136.

1. The hunters were forbidden to enter private lands.
2. The hunters were forbidden from entering private lands.
3. The hunters were forbidden entering private lands.
4. The hunters were forbidden about entering private lands.

Answer 137

to
Construction:
forbid X to Y;
forbidden to + base verb

Correct:

• The hunters were forbidden to enter private lands.

Incorrect:

• The hunters were forbidden from entering private lands.
• The hunters were forbidden entering private lands.
• The hunters were forbidden about entering private lands.

شکارچیان از ورود به زمین های شخصی منع شدند.

Question 138

137.

1. The frequency of the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.
2. The frequency about the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.
3. The frequency as to the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.
4. The frequency regarding the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.Frequency/infrequency

Answer 138

of
Construction:
frequency/infrequency of+ noun

Correct:
* The frequency of the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.

Incorrect:
* The frequency about the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.
* The frequency as to the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.
* The frequency regarding the collisions indicates that we need to reevaluate the traffic signals in this intersection.

فراوانی تصادفات نشان می دهد که باید علائم راهنمایی و رانندگی در این تقاطع را دوباره ارزیابی کنیم.

Question 139

138.

1. If you drive from New York to New Jersey, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop from $4.00 to $2.50.
2. If you drive out from New York into New Jersey, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop from $4.00 into $2.50.
3. If you drive out from New York over to New Jersey, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop down from $4.00 to $2.50.

Answer 139

X to Y
Construction:
from [location/amount]+ to [location/amount]

Correct:
* If you drive from New York to New Jersey, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop from $4.00 to $2.50.

Incorrect:
* If you drive out from New York into New Jersey, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop from $4.00 into $2.50.
* If you drive out from New York over to New Jersey, you will see the price of a gallon of gasoline drop down from $4.00 to $2.50.

اگر از نیویورک به نیوجرسی رانندگی کنید، قیمت هر گالن بنزین از 4.00 دلار به 2.50 دلار کاهش می یابد.
Note: Used to indicate a range, a distance, or a change in amount.

Question 140

139.

1. His advancement in the company has been hindered with his lack of confidence, not with a lack of competence.
2. His advancement in the company has been hindered out of his lack of confidence, not from a lack of competence.
3. His advancement in the company has been hindered by his lack of confidence, not by a lack of competence.

Answer 140

by
Construction:
to be+ hindered by+ noun

Correct:
* His advancement in the company has been hindered by his lack of confidence, not by a lack of competence.

Incorrect:
* His advancement in the company has been hindered with his lack of confidence, not with a lack of competence.
* His advancement in the company has been hindered out of his lack of confidence, not from a lack of competence.

پیشرفت او در شرکت به دلیل عدم اعتماد به نفس او معوق شده است، نه فقدان شایستگی.

Question 141

140.

1. She was inclined of refusing the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.
2. She was inclined to refuse the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.
3. She was inclined for refusing the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.
4. She was inclined at refusal of the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.

Answer 141

to
Construction:
inclined/disinclined to+ base verb

Correct:
* She was inclined to refuse the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.

Incorrect:
* She was inclined of refusing the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.
* She was inclined for refusing the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.
* She was inclined at refusal of the promotion because of the weekend hours, but the generous salary increase made her think twice.

او تمایل داشت به دلیل ساعات آخر هفته از ترفیع امتناع کند، اما افزایش دستمزد سخاوتمندانه او را وادار کرد دو بار فکر کند.

Question 142

141.

1. Fraternal twins are not identical of each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.
2. Fraternal twins are not identical in regard to each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.
3. Fraternal twins are not identical to each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.
4. Fraternal twins are not identical between each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.

aɪˈdentɪkəl

Answer 142

to
Construction:
identical to+ noun

Correct:
* Fraternal twins are not identical to each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.

Incorrect:
* Fraternal twins are not identical of each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.
* Fraternal twins are not identical in regard to each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.
* Fraternal twins are not identical between each other in physical appearance or genetic makeup.

دوقلوهای برادر از نظر ظاهر فیزیکی یا ساختار ژنتیکی با یکدیگر یکسان نیستند.

Note: “Identical with” is also considered correct on the GMAT.

Question 143

142.

1. Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species of plant to be in the wetlands.
2. Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species inside the wetlands.
3. Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species of plant as being in the wetlands.
4. Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species of plant to the wetlands.

Answer 143

to
Construction:
introduce X to Y; introduce to+ noun

Correct:
* Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species of plant to the wetlands.

Incorrect:
* Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species of plant to be in the wetlands.
* Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species inside the wetlands.
* Nomadic tribes inadvertently introduced the invasive species of plant as being in the wetlands.

قبایل کوچ نشین ناخواسته گونه مهاجم این گیاه را وارد تالاب ها کردند.

Question 144

143.

1. He inherited the economic crisis off his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.
2. He inherited the economic crisis from his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.
3. He inherited the economic crisis by his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.
4. He inherited the economic crisis out of his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.

ɪnˈherɪət

Answer 144

from
Construction:
inherit X from Y; inherit from+ noun

Correct:
* He inherited the economic crisis from his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.

Incorrect:
* He inherited the economic crisis off his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.
* He inherited the economic crisis by his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.
* He inherited the economic crisis out of his predecessor but was nonetheless tasked with solving it.

او بحران اقتصادی را از سلف خود به ارث برده بود اما با این وجود وظیفه حل آن را بر عهده داشت.

Question 145

144.

1. In an effort of making her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.
2. In an effort for making her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.
3. In an effort in order to make her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.
4. In an effort to make her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.

ˈefərt

Answer 145

در تلاش برای
to
Construction:
in an effort to+ base verb

Correct:
* In an effort to make her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.

Incorrect:
* In an effort of making her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.
* In an effort for making her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.
* In an effort in order to make her patients feel more comfortable, the doctor had soothing music playing in the waiting room.

دکتر بمنظور اینکه بیمارانش احساس راحتی بیشتری کنند، موسیقی آرام بخش در اتاق انتظار پخش شد.

Question 146

145.

1. Robert was in awe from his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.
2. Robert was in awe about his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.
3. Robert was in awe of his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.
4. Robert was in awe as to his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.

ɒː

Answer 146

of
Construction:
[to be]+ in awe of+ noun

Correct:
* Robert was in awe of his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.

Incorrect:
* Robert was in awe from his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.
* Robert was in awe about his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.
* Robert was in awe as to his mentor’s accomplishments and hoped to follow in her footsteps.

رابرت از دستاوردهای مرشد خود در شگفت بود و امیدوار بود که راه او را دنبال کند.

Note: In favor of also takes this construction.

Question 147

146.

1. Luke was in danger to fail the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.
2. Luke was in danger of failing the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.
3. Luke was in danger with failing the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.
4. Luke was in danger for failing the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.

ˈdeɪndʒər

Answer 147

of
Construction:
[to be]+ in danger of+ gerund

Correct:
* Luke was in danger of failing the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.

Incorrect:
* Luke was in danger to fail the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.
* Luke was in danger with failing the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.
* Luke was in danger for failing the class if he didn’t do well on the final exam.

لوک در خطر مردود شدن بود اگر در آزمون نهایی خوب عمل نمی کرد.

Question 148

147.

1. The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice in order for preserving his anonymity.
2. The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice in order of preserving his anonymity.
3. The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice in order to preserve his anonymity.

ˈɔːrdər

Answer 148

to
Construction:
in order to + base verb

Correct:
* The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice in order to preserve his anonymity.

Incorrect:
* The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice in order for preserving his anonymity.
* The whistleblower asked the news program to blur his face and disguise his voice in order of preserving his anonymity.

افشاگر از برنامه خبری خواست تا برای حفظ نامش، صورتش را محو و صدایش را پنهان کند.

Question 149

148.

1. The three branches of government are independent one another.
2. The three branches of government are independent to one another.
3. The three branches of government are independent from one another.
4. The three branches of government are independent with one another.

ˌɪndɪəˈpendənt◂

Answer 149

from
Construction:
independent from + noun

Correct:
* The three branches of government are independent from one another.

Incorrect:
* The three branches of government are independent one another.
* The three branches of government are independent to one another.
* The three branches of government are independent with one another.

سه قوه حکومت از یکدیگر مستقل هستند.

Note: Used to indicate autonomy or mean “separate from.”

Question 150

149.

1. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent as to personal politics.
2. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent of personal politics.
3. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent in regard to personal politics.
4. The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent personal politics.

Answer 150

of
Construction:
independent of+ noun

Correct:
* The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent of personal politics.

Incorrect:
* The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent as to personal politics.
* The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent in regard to personal politics.
* The Supreme Court is supposed to uphold the Constitution, independent personal politics.

قرار است دادگاه عالی مستقل از سیاست شخصی از قانون اساسی حمایت کند.

Note: Meaning “free from the influence of” or “without consideration of.”

Question 151

150.

1. His indifference from the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
2. His indifference for the plight of the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
3. His indifference towards the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
4. His indifference to the plight of the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
5. His indifference about the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.

ɪnˈdɪfərəns

Answer 151

Construction:
indifferent/indifference+ to/towards+ noun

Correct:
* His indifference towards the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
* His indifference to the plight of the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.

Incorrect:
* His indifference from the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
* His indifference for the plight of the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.
* His indifference about the homeless makes his ostentatious displays of wealth seem all the more tasteless.

بی‌تفاوتی او نسبت به بی‌خانمان‌ها باعث می‌شود که نمایش‌های متظاهر ثروت او بی مزه تر به نظر برسد.
بی‌تفاوتی او نسبت به وضعیت اسفبار بی‌خانمان‌ها باعث می‌شود که نمایش‌های متظاهر ثروتش بیش از پیش بی مزه به نظر برسد.

Question 152

151.

1. Those who became** infected from Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
2. Those who became infected of Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
3. Those who became infected with Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
4. Those who became infected in Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
5. Those who became infected by Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.

Answer 152

Construction:
infect with+ noun

Correct:
* Those who became infected with Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.

Incorrect:
* Those who became** infected from Ebola** during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
* Those who became infected of Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
* Those who became infected in Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.
* Those who became infected by Ebola during the medical mission were immediately quarantined and treated when they returned to the United States.

کسانی که در طول ماموریت پزشکی به ابولا مبتلا شده بودند، بلافاصله پس از بازگشت به ایالات متحده قرنطینه و تحت درمان قرار گرفتند.

Question 153

152.

1. The meetings revealed yet another instance that was a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.
2. The meetings revealed yet another instance of being a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.
3. The meetings revealed yet another instance of a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.
4. The meetings revealed yet another instance regarding a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.

ˈɪnstəns

Answer 153

of
Construction:
instance of+ noun

Correct:
* The meetings revealed yet another instance of a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.

Incorrect:
* The meetings revealed yet another instance that was a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.
* The meetings revealed yet another instance of being a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.
* The meetings revealed yet another instance regarding a quid pro quo at the highest levels of government, and the public voiced its disapproval in the voting booths.

quid pro quo: ˌkwɪd prəʊ ˈkwəʊ اختلاص

این نشست ها نمونه دیگری از اختلاس را در بالاترین سطوح حکومت نشان داد و مردم مخالفت خود را در صندوق های رای اعلام کردند.

Question 154

153.

1. When she is running late, she takes the car instead of the train.
2. When she is running late, she takes the car instead of taking the train.
3. When she is running late, she takes the car instead of she takes the train.
4. When she is running late, she takes the car instead of by the train.

ɪnˈsted

Answer 154

of
Construction:
noun + instead of+ noun;
verb + instead of+ verb-ing

Correct:
* When she is running late, she takes the car instead of the train.
* When she is running late, she takes the car instead of taking the train.

Incorrect:
* When she is running late, she takes the car instead of she takes the train.
* When she is running late, she takes the car instead of by the train.

وقتی دیرش می شود، به جای قطار سوار ماشین می شود.
وقتی دیرش می شود، به جای سوار شدن به قطار، سوار ماشین می شود.

Question 155

154.

1. The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled to the children from a very young age.
2. The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled into the children from a very young age.
3. The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled inside the children from a very young age.
4. The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled in the children from a very young age.

ɪnˈstɪl

Answer 155

in/into
Construction:
instill X in/into Y;
instill in/into+ noun

Correct:

• The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled in the children from a very young age.
• The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled into the children from a very young age.

Incorrect:

• The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled to the children from a very young age.
• The importance of volunteering in one’s community was instilled inside the children from a very young age.

اهمیت کار داوطلبانه در جامعه از سنین بسیار پایین به کودکان فهمانده شد.

Note: The verb invest also takes this construction.

Question 156

155.

1. George intended of complimenting his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.
2. George intended at complimenting to his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.
3. George intended to compliment his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.

Answer 156

to
Construction:
intend/intent to+ base verb

Correct:

• George intended to compliment his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.

Incorrect:

• George intended of complimenting his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.
• George intended at complimenting to his girlfriend on her new haircut, but she thought he was teasing her.

جورج قصد داشت از دوست دخترش بابت مدل موی جدیدش تعریف کند، اما او فکر کرد که او او را مسخره می کند.

Note: Verb may be conjugated (base verb is never conjugated).

Question 157

156.

1. The interaction of stearic acid to lye causes saponification.
2. The interaction from stearic acid and lye causes saponification.
3. The interaction from stearic acid to lye causes saponification.
4. The interaction of stearic acid with lye causes saponification.

ˌɪntərˈækʃən

Answer 157

of
Construction:
interaction of X and Y;
interaction of X with Y;
interaction of+ plural noun

Correct:
* The interaction of stearic acid and lye causes saponification.

Incorrect:
* The interaction of stearic acid to lye causes saponification.
* The interaction from stearic acid and lye causes saponification.
* The interaction from stearic acid to lye causes saponification.

برهمکنش اسید استئاریک و لیمو باعث صابونی شدن می شود.

Question 158

157.

1. At the dinner, Fredericka introduced her best friend with her new boyfriend, but to her dismay, the two didn’t seem to get along.
2. At the dinner, Fredericka introduced her best friend to her new boyfriend, but to her dismay, the two didn’t seem to get along.
3. At the dinner, Fredericka introduced between her best friend and her new boyfriend, but to her dismay, the two didn’t seem to get along.

ˌɪntrəˈduːs

Answer 158

to
Construction:
introduce X to Y

Correct:
* At the dinner, Fredericka introduced her best friend to her new boyfriend, but to her dismay, the two didn’t seem to get along.

Incorrect:
* At the dinner, Fredericka introduced her best friend with her new boyfriend, but to her dismay, the two didn’t seem to get along.
* At the dinner, Fredericka introduced between her best friend and her new boyfriend, but to her dismay, the two didn’t seem to get along.

در شام، فردریکا بهترین دوستش را به دوست پسر جدیدش معرفی کرد، اما در کمال تاسف، به نظر نمی رسید که آن دو با هم کنار بیایند.

Question 159

158.

1. Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel isolated out of the rest of the team.
2. Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel isolated apart from the rest of the team.
3. Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel isolated from the rest of the team.
4. Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel isolated in regards to the rest of the team.

ˈaɪsəleɪt

Answer 159

from
Construction: isolate X from Y; isolated from + noun

Correct:
* Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel
* isolated from the rest of the team.

Incorrect:
* Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel
* isolated out of the rest of the team.
* Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel isolated apart from the rest of the team.
* Randy’s awkwardness on the soccer field made him feel isolated in regards to the rest of the team.

بی دست و پا بودن رندی در زمین فوتبال باعث شد که او از بقیه اعضای تیم احساس انزوا کند.
Note: The verb separate also takes this construction.

Question 160

159.

1. After the lead actor took his bows, he was joined on stage by the rest of the cast for the standing ovation.
2. After the lead actor took his bows, he was joined on stage along with the rest of the cast for the standing ovation.

dʒɔɪn

Answer 160

by
Construction:
joined by+ noun

Correct:
* After the lead actor took his bows, he was joined on stage by the rest of the cast for the standing ovation.

Incorrect:
* After the lead actor took his bows, he was joined on stage along with the rest of the cast for the standing ovation.

پس از اینکه بازیگر اصلی تعظیم کرد، بقیه بازیگران برای تشویق ایستاده به روی صحنه پیوستند.

Question 161

160.

1. Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be judged with the color of their skin, but with the content of their character.
2. Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be judged as to the color of their skin, but as to the content of their character.
3. Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.

dʒʌdʒ

Answer 161

by
Construction: judge by+ noun; judge X by Y

Correct:
* Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.

Incorrect:
* Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be judged with the color of their skin, but with the content of their character.
* Martin Luther King, Jr., famously hoped for a nation where his children would not be judged as to the color of their skin, but as to the content of their character.

مارتین لوتر کینگ جونیور، مشخصا آرزومند ملتی بود که فرزندانش نه بر اساس رنگ پوستشان، بلکه بر اساس محتوای شخصیتشان قضاوت شوند.

Note: Meaning “evaluated on the basis of.”

Question 162

161.

1. Just as the President leads the executive branch of the United States, so the Prime Minister is the head of state in Canada.
2. Just like the President leads the executive branch of the United States, so the Prime Minister is the head of state in Canada.

dʒʌst

Answer 162

… so (too)
Construction:
just as X, so (too) Y

Correct:
Just as the President leads the executive branch of the United States, so the Prime Minister is the head of state in Canada.

Incorrect:
Just like the President leads the executive branch of the United States, so the Prime Minister is the head of state in Canada.

means: in the same way

همانطور که رئیس جمهور قوه مجریه ایالات متحده را رهبری می کند، نخست وزیر نیز رئیس دولت در کانادا است.
Note: Used to compare similar things (i.e., “in the same way that…”).

Question 163

162.

1. The serial killer known as being Jack the Ripper was never identified or captured by authorities.
2. The serial killer known as Jack the Ripper was never identified or captured by authorities.
3. The serial killer known as that he was Jack the Ripper was never identified or captured by authorities.

Answer 163

as
Construction:
known as+ noun/pronoun

Correct:
* The serial killer known as Jack the Ripper was never identified or captured by authorities.

Incorrect:
* The serial killer known as being Jack the Ripper was never identified or captured by authorities.
* The serial killer known as that he was Jack the Ripper was never identified or captured by authorities.

قاتل زنجیره ای معروف به جک چاک دهنده هرگز توسط مقامات شناسایی یا دستگیر نشد.

Question 164

163.

1. Peyote is known for its hallucinogenic properties.
2. The ancient Polynesians are known on their navigation skills.
3. The ancient Polynesians are known for their navigation skills.
4. The ancient Polynesians are known regarding their navigation skills.

Answer 164

for
Construction:
known for+ noun

Correct:
* Peyote is known for its hallucinogenic properties.
* The ancient Polynesians are known for their navigation skills.

ncorrect:
* The ancient Polynesians are known on their navigation skills.
* The ancient Polynesians are known regarding their navigation skills.

پیوت به دلیل خواص توهم زایی اش شناخته شده است.
پلینزی های باستان به دلیل مهارت های ناوبری خود شناخته شده اند.

Question 165

164.

1. Monkeys of many types are known to be quite playful.
2. Monkeys of many types are known as being quite playful.

Answer 165

to be
Construction:
known to be+ noun/characteristic

Correct:
* Monkeys of many types are known to be quite playful.

Incorrect:
* Monkeys of many types are known as being quite playful.

انواع مختلف میمون ها کاملاً بازیگوش شناخته شده اند.

“known as” indicates an alias or nickname, whereas “known to be” indicates a characteristic.

Question 166

165.

1. Catalonia’s recent declaration of its independence led to worries from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.
2. Catalonia’s recent declaration of its independence led into worries from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.
3. Catalonia’s recent declaration of its independence led for worries from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.

Answer 166

to
Construction:
lead to+ noun; lead X to Y

Correct:
* Catalonia’s recent declaration of its independence led to worries from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.

Incorrect:
* Catalonia’s recent declaration of its independence led into worries from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.
* Catalonia’s recent declaration of its independence led for worries from European Union leaders that Spain would respond with a show of force in the region.

اعلام استقلال اخیر کاتالونیا باعث نگرانی رهبران اتحادیه اروپا شد مبنی بر اینکه اسپانیا ممکن است در منطقه نمایش قدرت انجام دهد.

Question 167

166.

1. Rachel is likely of being accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.
2. Rachel is likely for being accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.
3. Rachel is likely to be accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.
4. Rachel is likely as being accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.

ˈlaɪkli

Answer 167

to
Construction:
likely to + base verb

Correct:
* Rachel is likely to be accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.

Incorrect:
* Rachel is likely of being accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.
* Rachel is likely for being accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.
* Rachel is likely as being accepted to a prestigious college because her grades are top-notch.

Question 168

167.

The poet likened the woman’s eyes to being sapphires.
The poet likened the woman’s eyes as sapphires.
The poet likened the woman’s eyes to sapphires.
The poet likened the woman’s eyes with sapphires.

Answer 168

to
Construction:
liken X to Y;
liken to+ noun

Correct:
* The poet likened the woman’s eyes to sapphires.

Incorrect:
* The poet likened the woman’s eyes to being sapphires.
* The poet likened the woman’s eyes as sapphires.
* The poet likened the woman’s eyes with sapphires.

Sapphires: ˈsæfaɪə یاقوت کبود

شاعر چشمان زن را به یاقوت کبود تشبیه کرده است

Question 169

168.

1. Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were localized into a town directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides.
2. Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were localized in a town directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides.
3. Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were localized from a town directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides.

ˈloʊkəlaɪzd

Answer 169

in
Construction:
localized in+ [place]

Correct:
* Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were localized in a town directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides.

Incorrect:
* Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were localized into a town directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides.
* Researchers found that incidences of the rare bone cancer were localized from a town directly downwind of a factory that produced pesticides.

محققان متوجه شیوع سرطان استخوان نادری در شهری شدند که مستقیماً در سمت باد کارخانه ای که آفت کش تولید می کرد، قرار گرفته بود

Question 170

169.

1. No matter how difficult things get, she always manages to land on her feet.
2. No matter how difficult things get, she always manages at landing on her feet.
3. No matter how difficult things get, she always manages as to landing on her feet.

ˈmænɪdʒ

Answer 170

to
Construction:
manage to+ base verb

Correct:
* No matter how difficult things get, she always manages to land on her feet.

Incorrect:
* No matter how difficult things get, she always manages at landing on her feet.
* No matter how difficult things get, she always manages as to landing on her feet.

مهم نیست که چقدر کارها سخت می شود، او همیشه موفق می شود روی پاهایش فرود آید.

Question 171

170.

frequent

While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective means into treating insomnia, for now it is at least a means into relaxing.
While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective
means in treating insomnia, for now it is at least a means at relaxing.
While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective means of treating insomnia, for now it is at least a means to relax.

Answer 171

means of/to
Construction:
means of+ noun/gerund;
means for+ noun/gerund;
means to+ noun/base verb

Correct:

• While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective means of treating insomnia, for now it is at least a means to relax.

Incorrect:

• While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective means into treating insomnia, for now it is at least a means into relaxing.
• While drinking chamomile tea may not be the most effective
• means in treating insomnia, for now it is at least a means at relaxing.

در حالی که نوشیدن چای بابونه ممکن است موثرترین روش درمان بی خوابی نباشد، در حال حاضر حداقل** وسیله ای** برای آرامش است.

Note: Think of means of or means for as “TYPE of or for doing (something).”
Think of means to as “METHOD to achieve (some goal or outcome).”

Question 172

171.

1. Jane mistook Randall’s car keys as being her own and had to walk back to the house.
2. Jane mistook Randall’s car keys for her own and had to walk back to the house.
3. Jane mistook Randall’s car keys with her own and had to walk back to the house.

mɪəˈsteɪk

Answer 172

for
Construction:
mistake X for Y;
mistake for+ noun

Correct:
* Jane mistook Randall’s car keys for her own and had to walk back to the house.

Incorrect:
* Jane mistook Randall’s car keys as being her own and had to walk back to the house.
* Jane mistook Randall’s car keys with her own and had to walk back to the house.

جین کلیدهای ماشین رندال را با خودش اشتباه گرفت و مجبور شد پیاده به خانه برگردد.

Question 173

172.

1. The solar-powered concept car is modeled as the American muscle cars of the 1960s.
2. The solar-powered concept car is modeled as in the American muscle cars of the 1960s.
3. The solar-powered concept car is modeled in regards to the American muscle cars of the 1960s.
4. The solar-powered concept car is modeled after the American muscle cars of the 1960s.

ˈmɑːdl

Answer 173

Construction:
model X after Y; model after+ noun

Correct:
* The solar-powered concept car is modeled after the American muscle cars of the 1960s.

Incorrect:
* The solar-powered concept car is modeled as the American muscle cars of the 1960s.
* The solar-powered concept car is modeled as in the American muscle cars of the 1960s.
* The solar-powered concept car is modeled in regards to the American muscle cars of the 1960s.

خودروی مفهومی با انرژی خورشیدی از خودروهای عضلانی آمریکایی دهه 1960 الگوبرداری شده است.

Question 174

173.

The new party leaders are moving away of the more regressive policy proposals of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.
The new party leaders are moving away from the more regressive policy proposals of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.
The new party leaders are moving away as to the more regressive policy proposals of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.

Answer 174

from
Construction:
move away from+ noun/gerund

Correct:
* The new party leaders are moving away from the more regressive policy proposals of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.

Incorrect:
* The new party leaders are moving away of the more regressive policy proposals of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.
* The new party leaders are moving away as to the more regressive policy proposals of the past in an attempt to court younger voters.

رهبران جدید حزب در تلاش برای جلب نظر رای دهندگان جوان تر، از سیاست های پیشنهادی قهقرایی تر گذشته دور می شوند.

Question 175

174.

1. The botanist, a native of Boston, specialized in the study of medicinal plants native to the Amazon rainforest.
2. The botanist, native to Boston, specialized in the study of medicinal plants native out of the Amazon rainforest.
3. The botanist, a native to Boston, specialized in the study of medicinal plants native of the Amazon rainforest.

ˈneɪtɪv

Answer 175

native … to/ a native of
Construction:
[person] is a native of [place]; [thing] is native to [place]

Correct:

• The botanist, a native of Boston, specialized in the study of medicinal plants native to the Amazon rainforest.

Incorrect:

• The botanist, a native to Boston, specialized in the study of medicinal plants native of the Amazon rainforest.
• The botanist, native to Boston, specialized in the study of medicinal plants native out of the Amazon rainforest.

این گیاه شناس، بومی بوستون، در مطالعه گیاهان دارویی بومی جنگل های آمازون تخصص داشت.

Question 176

175.

1. Although you need working hard, it is still necessary prioritizing your health.
2. Although you need to work hard, it is still necessary to prioritize your health.

Answer 176

Necessary to
I need to
Construction:
necessary/need to+ base verb

Correct:
* Although you need to work hard, it is still necessary to prioritize your health.

Incorrect:
* Although you need working hard, it is still necessary prioritizing your health.

اگرچه باید سخت کار کنید، اما همچنان لازم است سلامتی خود را در اولویت قرار دهید.

Question 177

176.

1. The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the need as to creative solutions to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation’s young workers.
2. The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the need in regard to creative solutions to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation’s young workers.
3. The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the need for creative solutions to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation’s young workers.

Answer 177

for
Construction:
need for+ noun

Correct:
* The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the need for creative solutions to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation’s young workers.

Incorrect:
* The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the need as to creative solutions to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation’s young workers.
* The declining birth rate in Japan highlights the need in regard to creative solutions to economic instability and sporadic unemployment among the nation’s young workers.

کاهش نرخ زاد و ولد در ژاپن نیاز به راه حل های خلاقانه برای بی ثباتی اقتصادی و بیکاری پراکنده در میان کارگران جوان این کشور را برجسته می کند.

Question 178

177.

1. The Paris Agreement emphasizes the necessity to transparency among governments in order to mitigate global climate change.
2. The Paris Agreement emphasizes the necessity of transparency among governments in order to mitigate global climate change.
3. The Paris Agreement emphasizes the necessity in regard to transparency among governments in order to mitigate global climate change.

nəˈsesəti

Answer 178

of/for
Construction:
the necessity of/for + noun/gerund

Correct:
* The Paris Agreement emphasizes the necessity of transparency among governments in order to mitigate global climate change.

Incorrect:
* The Paris Agreement emphasizes the necessity to transparency among governments in order to mitigate global climate change.
* The Paris Agreement emphasizes the necessity in regard to transparency among governments in order to mitigate global climate change.

توافقنامه پاریس بر ضرورت شفافیت بین دولت ها به منظور کاهش تغییرات آب و هوایی جهانی تاکید دارد.

Question 179

178.

1. The loan came from not from his parents but from his cousin.
2. The meeting involved not a discussion but a shouting match.
3. The loan came not from his parents but also from his cousin.

Answer 179

Construction:
not X but Y

Correct:
The loan came from not from his parents but from his cousin.
The meeting involved not a discussion but a shouting match.

Incorrect:
The loan came not from his parents but also from his cousin.

وام نه از پدر و مادرش بلکه از پسر عمویش بود.

Question 180

179.

1. Clint Eastwood is known not only as an actor but also as a director.
2. Clint Eastwood is known not only as an actor but as well as a director.
3. Clint Eastwood is known not only as an actor and also as a director.

Answer 180

Construction:
Not only … but (also)/ Not just … but also

Correct:

• Clint Eastwood is known not only as an actor but also as a director.

Incorrect:

• Clint Eastwood is known not only as an actor but as well as a director.
• Clint Eastwood is known not only as an actor and also as a director.

کلینت ایستوود نه تنها به عنوان بازیگر بلکه به عنوان کارگردان نیز شناخته می شود.

It’s also acceptable to say not only X but Y and it’s even sometimes okay to have not only X, also Y. And this is one of those times!

Here’s an example of a “normal” usage of the full idiom: She likes not only pizza but also ice cream. In this example, all of the pieces fit the not only X but also Y structure super neatly.

This choice also leaves in the original not only X (but) also Y construction from the original sentence—because it’s correct! When you have this weird construction in which the not only element is inverted, do not also invert the second half; instead, in the second element, the subject comes before the verb. Separately, you’re omitting the word but, so the subject (and possibly the verb as well) will come first after the comma, before the word also.

Correct: Not only are you really smart, but you’re also kind.
Correct: Not only are you really smart, but you’re kind.
Correct: Not only are you really smart, you’re also kind.

In all of the examples, the you’re is before the also (when the also is present). It just seems weird in the third case because the word but is omitted (which is unusual but still allowed!), so it can sound to your ear as though the you’re is in the wrong place and should come later in the sentence.

Question 181

180.

1. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known not so much for holding office but because of raising awareness of climate change.
2. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known not so much for holding office as for raising awareness of climate change.
3. Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known not that much for holding office as for raising awareness about climate change.Not so much

Answer 181

as
Construction:
not so much X as Y

Correct:
Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known not so much for holding office as for raising awareness of climate change.

Incorrect:
Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known not so much for holding office but because of raising awareness of climate change.
Among the younger generation of Americans, Al Gore is known not that much for holding office as for raising awareness about climate change.

در میان نسل جوان آمریکایی‌ها، ال گور نه به خاطر تصدی پست خود، بلکه به دلیل افزایش آگاهی در مورد تغییرات آب و هوایی شناخته شده است.

Question 182

181.

1. Doctors noted that patients of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.
2. Doctors noted about patients of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.
3. Doctors noted as to how patients of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.

nəʊt

Answer 182

that
Construction:
Note/notice that+ clause

Correct:

• Doctors noted that patients of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.

Incorrect:

• Doctors noted about patients of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.
• Doctors noted as to how patients of similar ages still exhibited disparate symptoms.

پزشکان خاطرنشان کردند که بیماران در سنین مشابه هنوز علائم متفاوتی از خود نشان می دهند.

Question 183

182.

1. Selfish people are often oblivious for the concerns of others.
2. Selfish people are often oblivious from the concerns of others.
3. Selfish people are often oblivious to the concerns of others.
4. Selfish people are often oblivious over the concerns of others.

əˈblɪviəs

Answer 183

to
Construction:
oblivious to+ noun

Correct:
* Selfish people are often oblivious to the concerns of others.

Incorrect:
* Selfish people are often oblivious for the concerns of others.
* Selfish people are often oblivious from the concerns of others.
* Selfish people are often oblivious over the concerns of others.

افراد خودخواه اغلب از نگرانی های دیگران غافل هستند.

Question 184

183.

1. The company retreat is an opportunity in everyone on the team getting better acquainted, an opportunity in open dialogue, and an opportunity in relaxing.
2. The company retreat is an opportunity for everyone on the team to get better acquainted, an opportunity for open dialogue, and an opportunity to relax.
3. The company retreat is an opportunity as to everyone on the team getting better acquainted, an opportunity as to open dialogue, and an opportunity as to relaxing.

ɑːpərˈtuːnɪəti

Answer 184

for/to
Construction:
opportunity for+ noun/pronoun;
opportunity to+ base verb

Correct:
* The company retreat is an opportunity for everyone on the team to get better acquainted, an opportunity for open dialogue, and an opportunity to relax.

Incorrect:
* The company retreat is an opportunity in everyone on the team getting better acquainted, an opportunity in open dialogue, and an opportunity in relaxing.
* The company retreat is an opportunity as to everyone on the team getting better acquainted, an opportunity as to open dialogue, and an opportunity as to relaxing.

گردهمایی مدیران و کارکنان شرکت فرصتی برای همه اعضای تیم برای آشنایی بهتر، فرصتی برای گفتگوی باز و فرصتی برای آرامش است.

Question 185

184.

1. Opposition to the union’s demands is strong, although union leaders are not opposed to compromise.
2. Opposition at the union’s demands is strong, although union leaders are not opposed at compromise.

Answer 185

to
Construction:
opposed/opposition to+ noun/gerund

Correct:
* Opposition to the union’s demands is strong, although union leaders are not opposed to compromise.

Incorrect:
* Opposition at the union’s demands is strong, although union leaders are not opposed at compromise.

مخالفت با خواسته های اتحادیه شدید است، اگرچه رهبران اتحادیه مخالف سازش نیستند.

Question 186

185.

1. His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact opposite from what he had told her in private the day before.
2. His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact opposite compared to what he had told her in private the day before.
3. His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact opposite of what he had told her in private the day before.

ˈɑːpəzət

Answer 186

of
Construction:
X is the opposite of Y; opposite of+ noun

Correct:
* His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact opposite of what he had told her in private the day before.

Incorrect:
* His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact opposite from what he had told her in private the day before.
* His statement to the newspaper conveyed the exact opposite compared to what he had told her in private the day before.

اظهارات او به روزنامه دقیقاً خلاف آنچه را که روز قبل در خلوت به او (دختره) گفته بود، نشان داد.

Question 187

186.

1. The judge ordered the court quieting down.
2. The judge ordered the court as to quieting down.
3. The judge ordered the court to quiet down.
4. The judge ordered the court that they should quiet down.

ˈɔːrdər

Answer 187

to
Construction:
order X to Y;
order to + base verb

Correct:
* The judge ordered the court to quiet down.

Incorrect:
* The judge ordered the court quieting down.
* The judge ordered the court as to quieting down.
* The judge ordered the court that they should quiet down.

قاضی دستور داد دادگاه سکوت کند.

Question 188

187.

1. You aught to consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.
2. You ought consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.
3. You ought should consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.
4. You ought to consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.

ˈɔːt tuː

Answer 188

to
Construction:
ought to+ base verb

Correct:

• You ought to consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.

Incorrect:

• You aught to consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.
• You ought consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.
• You ought should consider changing your diet if your heartburn continues.

SYN: Should

در صورت ادامه سوزش سر دل، باید رژیم غذایی خود را تغییر دهید.

Question 189

188.

1. The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal out from minor annoyances.
2. The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal out of minor annoyances.

Answer 189

of
Construction:
out of+ noun/gerund

Correct:
* The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal out of minor annoyances.

Incorrect:
* The therapist advised the couple to focus on the issues that were most important to them rather than making a big deal out from minor annoyances.

روان درمانگر به زوجین توصیه کرد که به جای ساختن یک معضل بزرگ از دلخوری های جزئی، روی مسائلی که برایشان مهم است تمرکز کنند.

Question 190

189.

1. Halloween originated from an ancient pagan festival.
2. Halloween originated by an ancient pagan festival.

əˈrɪdʒɪəneɪt

Answer 190

from
Construction:
originate from + [practice/belief/event/source]

Correct:

• Halloween originated from an ancient pagan festival.

Incorrect:

• Halloween originated by an ancient pagan festival.

بوجود آمدن

هالووین از یک جشن باستانی بت پرست سرچشمه گرفته است.
Note: “Originate from” means “arise from.”

Question 191

190.

1. The celebration known as All Hallows Eve originated on eighth century Europe.
2. The celebration known as All Hallows Eve originated in eighth century Europe.

Answer 191

Originate in
Construction:
originate in + [location/time period]

Correct:
* The celebration known as All Hallows Eve originated in eighth century Europe.

Incorrect:
* The celebration known as All Hallows Eve originated on eighth century Europe.

جشنی که به شب یادگاران معروف است در قرن هشتم اروپا آغاز شد.

Note: “Originate in” means “start in.”

Question 192

191.

1. The ancient pagan festival originated with the Celts.
2. The ancient pagan festival originated because of the Celts.

Answer 192

Originate with
Construction:
originate with + [group/person/event]

Correct:
* The ancient pagan festival originated with the Celts.

Incorrect:
* The ancient pagan festival originated because of the Celts.

جشن بت پرستی باستانی از سلت ها سرچشمه گرفت.

Note: “Originate with” means “begin with.”

Question 193

192.

1. Let’s partake at the festivities.
2. Let’s partake on the festivities.
3. Let’s partake to the festivities.
4. Let’s partake in the festivities.

pɑːˈteɪk

Answer 193

Partake in
Construction:
partake in+ [activity]

Correct:
* Let’s partake in the festivities.

Incorrect:
* Let’s partake at the festivities.
* Let’s partake on the festivities.
* Let’s partake to the festivities.

بیایید در جشن ها شرکت کنیم.

نوشیدن و خوردن
Note: Partake in means “take part in.”
participate implies a having or taking part in an undertaking, activity, or discussion. partake implies accepting or acquiring a share especially of food or drink.

Question 194

193.

1. As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners participated in the cleanup of the vacant lot.
2. As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners participated into the cleanup of the vacant lot.
3. As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners participated on the cleanup of the vacant lot.

pɑːrˈtɪsɪəpeɪt

Answer 194

in
Construction:
participate/participant in+ noun

Correct:
* As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners participated in the cleanup of the vacant lot.

Incorrect:
* As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners participated into the cleanup of the vacant lot.
* As a show of support for the planned community garden, local business owners participated on the cleanup of the vacant lot.

به عنوان نشان دادن حمایت از باغ اجتماعی برنامه ریزی شده، صاحبان مشاغل محلی در پاکسازی زمین خالی شرکت کردند.

Question 195

194.

1. Sometime people perceive opportunities as being threats.
2. Sometime people perceive opportunities as if threats.
3. Sometime people perceive opportunities as threats.
4. Sometime people perceive opportunities for threats.

Answer 195

as
Construction:
perceive X as Y; perceive as+ noun

Correct:
* Sometime people perceive opportunities as threats.

Incorrect:
* Sometime people perceive opportunities as being threats.
* Sometime people perceive opportunities as if threats.
* Sometime people perceive opportunities for threats.

گاهی اوقات مردم فرصت ها را به عنوان تهدید درک می کنند.

Question 196

195.

1. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential of changing the way we view consciousness.
2. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential in changing the way we view consciousness.
3. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential to change the way we view consciousness.
4. Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential as to changing the way we view consciousness.

pəˈtenʃəl

Answer 196

to
Construction:
potential to+ base verb

Correct:
* Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential to change the way we view consciousness.

Incorrect:
* Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential of changing the way we view consciousness.
* Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential in changing the way we view consciousness.
* Advancements in artificial intelligence have the potential as to changing the way we view consciousness.

پیشرفت‌های هوش مصنوعی این پتانسیل را دارد که دیدگاه ما نسبت به آگاهی را تغییر دهد.

Question 197

196.

1. Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was predisposed for diabetes.
2. Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was predisposed to diabetes.
3. Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was predisposed in diabetes.

ˌpriːdɪsˈpoʊz

Answer 197

to
Construction:
predispose X to Y;
predisposed to+ noun بعدش فعل نمیاد

Correct:
* Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was predisposed to diabetes.

Incorrect:
* Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was predisposed for diabetes.
* Krista was careful about her diet because her family history indicated that she was predisposed in diabetes.

کریستا مراقب رژیم غذایی خود بود زیرا سابقه خانوادگی او نشان می داد که او مستعد ابتلا به دیابت است.

Question 198

197.

1. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable as opposed to cavities.
2. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable to cavities.
3. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable from cavities.
4. Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable compared to cavities.

prɪˈfɜːr - ˈprefərəbəl

Answer 198

to
Construction:
prefer X to Y;
X is preferable to Y بعدش فعل نمیاد

Correct:
* Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable to cavities.

ncorrect:
* Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable as opposed to cavities.
* Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable from cavities.
* Henry hated going to the dentist, but he knew that a regular checkup was preferable compared to cavities.

هنری از رفتن به دندانپزشک متنفر بود، اما می دانست که معاینه منظم بر حفره ها ارجحیت دارد.

Question 199

198.

1. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced to immigrants.
2. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced from immigrants.
3. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced with immigrants.
4. The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced against immigrants.

ˈpredʒʊədɪəs

Answer 199

against
Construction:
prejudice/prejudiced against+ noun

Correct:
* The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced against immigrants.

Incorrect:
* The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced to immigrants.
* The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced from immigrants.
* The housing discrimination lawsuit presented strong evidence that the landlord was prejudiced with immigrants.

prejudice especially because of their race, sex, religion

دعوای تبعیض مسکن شواهد محکمی مبنی بر** تبعیض** مالک نسبت به مهاجران ارائه کرد.

Question 200

199.

1. Only a narrow barrier prevented the water from entering the area.
2. Only a narrow barrier prevented the water against entering the area.
3. Only a narrow barrier prevented the water not to enter the area.
4. Only a narrow barrier prevented the water to enter the area.

prɪˈvent

Answer 200

from
Construction:
prevent X from Y;
prevent from+ gerund

Correct:
Only a narrow barrier prevented the water from entering the area.

Incorrect:
Only a narrow barrier prevented the water against entering the area.
Only a narrow barrier prevented the water not to enter the area.
Only a narrow barrier prevented the water to enter the area.

فقط یک مانع باریک مانع از ورود آب به منطقه می شد.