Must Know - SC - Sentence structure Flashcards
True or False?
A noun clause can be the subject of a sentence.
True
ex: That she had the nerve to attend the party is shocking.
Difference between
Dependent clause
and
Independent Clause
Dependent clause: CANNOT stand alone as a sentence
* ex: because they are happy most of the time
Independent clause: CAN stand alone as a sentence
* ex: They are happy most of the time.
True or False?
Linking two independent clauses with only a comma is always incorrect.
True
We must link two independent clauses with either a semicolon, or a comma + FANBOYS conjunction.
relative pronouns
- That
- Which
- Where
- When
- Who
- Whom
- Whose
2 things that can follow a colon in a sentence
1) an independent clause
* ex: There was one problem with the toy: it wore out very quickly
2) a list of examples
* ex: I like three things about strawberries: the taste, the texture, and the smell
independent clause
1) Contains bothe subject and finite verb
and
2) Can stand alone as a sentence
Coordinating conjunctions
FANBOYS:
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
True or False?
What preceds a colon must be able to stand on its own as a complete sentence.
True
ex: My morning routine included some exercises: pushups and sit-ups.
True or False?
Every English sentence must have at least one independent clause.
True
A sentence is complete only if it includes at least one independent clause.
subordinate clauses
a dependent clause that begins with a subordinate conjunction
- since John was at the beach
- although Scott is typing fast
- whereas Douglas complains about the rules
- because you and I are best friends
- unless she arrives at the airport by midnight
- once the mountain lion puts its cubs to bed
- if you want to become a pilot
Difference between
relative clause
and
noun clause
-
relative clause: follows and describes a noun or noun phrase
ex: the elephants that live in the area avoid humans. -
noun clause: plays the role of a noun
ex: That they like apples is clear
Difference between
participle
and
finite verb
-
Participle: describes a noun AND does not indicate when an action takes place
ex: the children swimming in the lake -
Finite verb: name the action a noun does AND indicate when the action takes place
ex: the children swam in the lake
2 use of semicolon
1) to connect two independent clauses
* ex: The wetland was beautiful; the restoration project was a success.
2) to separate items in a list
* ex: When Monica is in Europe, she will visit london, Endland; Paris, France; and Vienna, Austria.
The strategy of crossing off relative clauses helps us to determine …?
whether we have a complete sentence or just a fragment
- Fragment: Mobile phones, which were once rare luxuries
- Complete Sentence: mobile phones, which were once rare luxuries, are common.
The last item in a list of 3 or more items must precedes by …?
a comma + coordinating congjunction
ex: For breakfast, I had cereal, toast, and juice.
