WH2 Semester 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Act of Supremacy
A
- a document in which Enlgand claimed independence from the Holy Roman Emperor
- marked the creation of the Anglican Church or English Church or Church or England
- Executed under Henry VIII
2
Q
Age of Reason
A
- 17th century pgilosophical movements
- beginning of the application of empiricism and reasoning
- philisophical result of the advances of science
3
Q
Agricultural Revolution
A
- change in the production of farmed goods
- Agricultural Revolution of 1050
- a series of technological breakthroughs that allowed Europeans to produce food easier and more efficiently.
- increased food output> larger population> increased trafe> more money in economy
- led to urban revolution
- helped Europe modernize
4
Q
Anabaptists
A
- Part of the radical reformation
- believed in adult-only baptism
- drew support from middle class artisans and lower class men
- especially Zwingli
5
Q
Anglicanism
A
- Church of England
- erected during the Protestant Reformation
- created by Henry VIII
- A political move that allowed England to liberate themselves from the Roman Catholic Church
- a result of his failed annullment with the Roman Catholic Church
6
Q
Antiquity
A
- the ancient past; period before the Middle Ages
- the predominant time period in which Humanist ideas were brought from
- big theme of Humanism is appreciating texts of the antiquity
7
Q
Aristocrats/Nobility
A
- highest class
- held control of florence w/wealth, political councils, trade routes, influence
- Some did mot work for their money but through inheritance and the passage of land (feudal land=power).
- Others got power through market economy
8
Q
Artisans
A
- a worker in a skilled trade
- Primarily composed the minor guilds
9
Q
Peace of Augsburg
A
- treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League
- officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups
- made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire.
10
Q
Banking Guild
A
- lent money to many tradesmen and guilds workers to start their own businesses by sharing risks and using the idea of interest,
- unprecedented in any other Renaissance society
- has many core values that stick with the banking industry on today
- gained lots of economical and political power during the Renaissance
11
Q
Baroque Art
A
- characterized by energy, drama, and movement
- special sensitivity to light
- major patrons of religious images
- especially Catholic
12
Q
Bill of Exchange
A
- a letter of credit based on the exchange of currencies
- Measured against each other
- Some would switch to a currency wait for a rise in value and switch back to original currency
13
Q
Bishops
A
- Sat in a given city and had control over a given region
- many priests under him
- Argued by protestants too have too much power/authority
14
Q
Anne Boleyn
A
- Part of the affair with Henry VII
- part of reason for the creation of the Anglican church
- 2nd wife
- killed for suspected adultery with her brother
15
Q
Byzantine Empire
A
- Rival to the Italians and was involved in their Italian trades
16
Q
John Calvin
A
- Founder of Calvinism
- studied law and humanities in University of Paris
- had religious crisis in early adulthood similar to Luther
Calvinism
- Shares great deal with Lutheranism
- sinfulness of human beings
- lack of free will
- justification by faith
- baptism and communion
- but big difference was predestination
17
Q
Catherine of Aragon
A
- Henry VIII’s first wife
- originally Henry’s brother’s wife…
- marriage was anulled
- daughter of holy roman emperor
18
Q
Catholicism
A
- split into the east and western churches with the fall of the Roman Empire
- a belief that became dominant as of the fall of the Roman Empire
19
Q
Christendom
A
- the worldwide body of Christians
- increased in size during the Middle Ages with the fall of the Roman Empire
20
Q
Charles I (England)
A
- Son of James I
- seceded James I following his death
- dissolved Parliament and was weak in financial and administrative affairs
- had to control Church of England and
- tried to control the Parliament
- defeated by Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army
21
Q
Charles V (Holy Roman Empire)
A
- called for Luther to offer his defense against papal decree at Diet of Worms
22
Q
Clement VII
A
- a Medici Pope
- Rejected King Henry VIII’s request to annul his marriage, also not disgracing his family via Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
23
Q
Nicolaus Copernicus
A
- Wrote De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
- believed in the heliocentric model over the geocentric model
- used observation and empiricism
24
Q
Council of Trent
A
- Part of the Counter Reformation
- document that banned all books involving Luther or heresy
25
Q
Counter Reformation
A
- name given to the policies introduced by the Roman Catholic Church as its official response to the Protestant Reformation.
- very successful
26
Q
Dark Ages
A
- 500-800 AD, Europe without a government which resulted in political chaos
- Europe defaulted to a much more disorganized structure that struggled to gain stability
- Catholic CHurch became the prime unifying force
- also became incredibly rich
27
Q
Diet of Worms
A
- Called by the Holy Roman Emperor
- asked Luther to offer his defense against papal decree at Diet of Worms
- in which Martin Luther argued with a canon on the church, its powers, and its motives
- although Luther used reasoning, the church defaulted on it authority.
28
Q
Duomo
A
29
Q
Elizabeth I
A
30
Q
Empiricism
A
31
Q
English Civil War
A
32
Q
Erasmus
A
33
Q
Famine
A
34
Q
Feudalism
A
35
Q
Florence
A
36
Q
Gold Florins
A
37
Q
Galileo
A
38
Q
Geocentric Model
A
39
Q
Giotto
A
40
Q
Major Guilds
A
41
Q
Minor Guilds
A
42
Q
Heavy Plow
A
43
Q
Heliocentric Model
A
44
Q
Henry VIII
A
45
Q
Henry IV of France
A
46
Q
Thomas Hobbes
A
47
Q
Holding Company
A
48
Q
Homage/Fealty
A
49
Q
Humanism
A
50
Q
Christian Humanism
A
51
Q
Hundred Years War
A
52
Q
Ignatius of Loyola
A
53
Q
Indulgences
A
54
Q
James I
A
55
Q
Jesuits
A
56
Q
Knights
A
57
Q
Leo X
A
58
Q
Letter of Credit
A
59
Q
John Locke
A
60
Q
Long Parliament
A
61
Q
Martin Luther
A
62
Q
Niccolo Machiavelli
A
63
Q
Mary I
A
64
Q
Massacio
A
65
Q
The Medicis
A
66
Q
Merchants
A
67
Q
Michelangelo
A
68
Q
Miserabili
A
69
Q
Missionaries
A
70
Q
Monasticism/Monks
A
Monks:
- Worshipped, read and did manual labor; read pslams, prayers, etc. for almost all of the day, lived in monasteries
- Men of monasteries
- the church benefited from the work of monks.
Monasticism:
- allowed men and woman (monks and nuns) to withdraw from society and consider their own spirituality in a peaceful manner
- Helped to build the reputation of the church
- served as havens across Europe and to take in wayward travelers, provided food and shelter to those in need, and generally made visitors feel physically and spiritually safe
71
Q
Ninety-Five Theses
A
72
Q
New Model Army
A
73
Q
Oliver Cromwell
A
74
Q
Palazzo del Signori
A
75
Q
Peasant’s Revolt
A
76
Q
Peasant’s/Serfs
A
77
Q
Petition of Right
A
78
Q
Petrarch
A
79
Q
Plague/Black Death
A
80
Q
Phillip II of Spain
A
81
Q
Ponte Vecchio
A
82
Q
Pope/Papcy
A
83
Q
Prince Federick
A
84
Q
Printing Press
A
85
Q
Protestansim
A
86
Q
Puritansim
A
87
Q
Renaissance Man
A
88
Q
Protestant Reformation
A
89
Q
Republic
A
90
Q
Rump Parliament
A
91
Q
Sacraments
A
92
Q
Santa Maria Novella
A
93
Q
Scientific Revolution
A
94
Q
Signory
A
95
Q
Social Mobility
A
96
Q
Spanish Armada
A
97
Q
Thirty Years War
A
98
Q
Three-field System
A
99
Q
Treaty of Westphalia
A
100
Q
Vassals
A
101
Q
Wittenberg
A
102
Q
Wool Guild
A
103
Q
Ulrich Zwingli
A
