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Histology Sem 3 > WH Embryology > Flashcards

WH Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Migrates ventrally to project into the coelomic cavity as the Urogenital Ridge

A

Intermediate Mesoderm

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2
Q

What does the urogenital ridge start to differentiate into during weeks 4-5?

A

Medial projection (gential ridge) and lateral projection (nephrogenic cord)

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3
Q

Superficial portion of the evaginated genital ridge

A

Primary sex cords

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4
Q

Deep portion of the evaginated genital ridges

A

Rete cords

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5
Q

What does the peripheral portion of the gondal mesoderm begins to form what?

A

Tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Originally forms in the epiblast then migrates tinto the caudal surface of the yolk sac

A

Primordial Germ Cells

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7
Q

Expression of this gene activates one regulatory network that promotes testicular development and a second regulatory network that inhibits ovarian development

A

SRY gene

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8
Q

The product of the SRY gene

A

Testis-Determining Factor

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9
Q

What is formed when the primordial germ cells invade the primary sex cords?

A

Testicular Cords

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10
Q

When rete cords expland, linking the testicular cords and the mesonephric tubules

A

Rete Testis

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11
Q

When the portion of the mesonephric tubules contacted by the rete testis will differentiate into what?

A

Efferent Tubule

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12
Q

Mesenchyme between adjacent testicular cords differentiate into what?

A

Leydig cells

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13
Q

Epithelial cells of the testicular cords will differentiate into what?

A

Sertoli (sustentacular) cells

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14
Q

What is the second series of epithelial invaginations that are formed in the absence in the SRY gene

A

Cortical cords

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15
Q

What do the cortical cords break down into?

A

Primary germ cells (oogonium) and cortical epithelial cells (follicular cells)

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16
Q

Combination of oogonium and cortical epithelial cells

A

Primordial Follicle

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17
Q

A connective tissue tether that is supported by the inferior pole of the gonads

A

Gubernaculum

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18
Q

What does the fusion of the gubernaculum and the lateral surface of the uterus cause?

A

The splitting of the gubernaculum into the ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus

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19
Q

47 XXY abnormality

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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20
Q

45 X? abnormality

A

Turner syndrome

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21
Q

Gonads develop both testicular and ovarian tissues and are non-functional (aka ovotestis)

A

Ovotesticular DSD

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22
Q

Nephric tubules merge with the pronephric duct to form what?

A

Mesonephric Duct (Wolffian Duct)

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23
Q

Parallels the mesonephric ducts

A

Paramesomephric Duct (Mullerian Duct)

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24
Q

The portion of the mesonephric duct located between the cloaca/bladder and ureter

A

Common Nephric Duct

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25
The mesonephric duct regresses to what in females?
Epoophoron, Paroophoron, Gartner's duct
26
Formed by the proximal end of the Mullerian duct
Testicular Appendix
27
Formed by the distal end of the Mullerian duct
Prostatic Utricle
28
Produces apoptosis of the paramesonephric duct
Anti-mullerian factor hormonone
29
What pushes the cloaco from the cranial surface and and continues until reaching the cloacel membrane
Urorectal Septum
30
Internal folds on the lateral surfaces of the cloaca
Lateral or Rathke folds
31
What is formed by the urorectal septum?
Dorsal rectum and the ventral urogenital sinus
32
Point of contact between the urorectal septum and the cloacal membrane
Perineal body
33
Formed by the connective tissue of the allantois
Urachus
34
Remants of the urachus between the urogenital sinus and umbilical cord
Median Umbilical Ligament
35
Largest portion of the urogenital sinus and will form the urinary bladder
Vesical
36
What does the pelivc portion of the urogenital sinus form?
Membranous urethra, prostatic urethra, (males). Urethra, distal portion of the vagina (females).
37
Definitive portion of the urogenital sinus forms what?
Penile urethra (males), Labia minora and vestibule (females)
38
Uterovaginal primordium persists as what in males?
Prostatic Utricle or Utriculus
39
On either side of the utricle
Ejaculatory ducts
40
In females, the urogenital sinus gives rise to what paired outgrowths
Sinovaginal bulbs
41
What do the fused sinovaginal bulbs form?
Vaginal plate
42
Contact point between the sinovaginal bulb and the urogential sinus persists as what?
Hymen
43
Mesenchyme surrounding the cloacal membrane proliferates in week 4 to form what?
Indifferent external genitalia
44
Characterizes the indifferent external genitalia with a ventral midline elevation
Genital Tubercle
45
two ridges that extend dorsally for the genital tubercles
Urethral folds
46
The depression between the paired urethral folds
Urethral Groove
47
Forms the floor of the urethral groove
Urethral plate
48
Second, larger pair of folds on the lateral surface of the urethral folds
Labioscrotal swelling
49
Urethral folds will fuse in the midline ro form what?
Penile (spongy) urethra
50
Gential tubercle elongates to form what?
Penis
51
Labioscrotal swelling expand dorsally and fuse at the midline to form what?
Scrotum
52
Formed by the ectodermal cord fusing with the distal end of the spongy urethral
Extrenal urethra meatus
53
When the spongy urethra opens to the ventral surface
Hypospadias
54
Spongy urethra opens to the dorsal surface of the penis
Epispadis
55
In females, the genital tubercles elongates to form what?
Clitoris
56
In females, urethral folds remained paired forming what?
Labia minora
57
Labia minora define the lateral walls of what?
vestibule
58
Labioscrotal swellings expand laterally for form what in females?
Labia majora
59
Genetic males with normally-developed testes, but the leydig and sertoli cells are non-secretory
Male Pseuo-intersexuality
60
Genetic males with normally-developed testes which secrete normal levels of androgens, but the mutations block the membrane receptor for androgens genital ducts are lacking and the external genitalia differentiate as female
Complete androgen insensitivity
61
Autosomal recessive disorder involving excessive steriodogenesis, producing mixed genital ducts and external male genitial
Congential adrenal hyperplasia

Histology Sem 3 (7 decks)

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