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Histology Sem 3 > WH Embryology > Flashcards

WH Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Migrates ventrally to project into the coelomic cavity as the Urogenital Ridge

A

Intermediate Mesoderm

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2
Q

What does the urogenital ridge start to differentiate into during weeks 4-5?

A

Medial projection (gential ridge) and lateral projection (nephrogenic cord)

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3
Q

Superficial portion of the evaginated genital ridge

A

Primary sex cords

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4
Q

Deep portion of the evaginated genital ridges

A

Rete cords

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5
Q

What does the peripheral portion of the gondal mesoderm begins to form what?

A

Tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Originally forms in the epiblast then migrates tinto the caudal surface of the yolk sac

A

Primordial Germ Cells

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7
Q

Expression of this gene activates one regulatory network that promotes testicular development and a second regulatory network that inhibits ovarian development

A

SRY gene

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8
Q

The product of the SRY gene

A

Testis-Determining Factor

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9
Q

What is formed when the primordial germ cells invade the primary sex cords?

A

Testicular Cords

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10
Q

When rete cords expland, linking the testicular cords and the mesonephric tubules

A

Rete Testis

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11
Q

When the portion of the mesonephric tubules contacted by the rete testis will differentiate into what?

A

Efferent Tubule

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12
Q

Mesenchyme between adjacent testicular cords differentiate into what?

A

Leydig cells

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13
Q

Epithelial cells of the testicular cords will differentiate into what?

A

Sertoli (sustentacular) cells

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14
Q

What is the second series of epithelial invaginations that are formed in the absence in the SRY gene

A

Cortical cords

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15
Q

What do the cortical cords break down into?

A

Primary germ cells (oogonium) and cortical epithelial cells (follicular cells)

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16
Q

Combination of oogonium and cortical epithelial cells

A

Primordial Follicle

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17
Q

A connective tissue tether that is supported by the inferior pole of the gonads

A

Gubernaculum

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18
Q

What does the fusion of the gubernaculum and the lateral surface of the uterus cause?

A

The splitting of the gubernaculum into the ovarian ligament and the round ligament of the uterus

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19
Q

47 XXY abnormality

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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20
Q

45 X? abnormality

A

Turner syndrome

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21
Q

Gonads develop both testicular and ovarian tissues and are non-functional (aka ovotestis)

A

Ovotesticular DSD

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22
Q

Nephric tubules merge with the pronephric duct to form what?

A

Mesonephric Duct (Wolffian Duct)

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23
Q

Parallels the mesonephric ducts

A

Paramesomephric Duct (Mullerian Duct)

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24
Q

The portion of the mesonephric duct located between the cloaca/bladder and ureter

A

Common Nephric Duct

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25
Q

The mesonephric duct regresses to what in females?

A

Epoophoron, Paroophoron, Gartner’s duct

26
Q

Formed by the proximal end of the Mullerian duct

A

Testicular Appendix

27
Q

Formed by the distal end of the Mullerian duct

A

Prostatic Utricle

28
Q

Produces apoptosis of the paramesonephric duct

A

Anti-mullerian factor hormonone

29
Q

What pushes the cloaco from the cranial surface and and continues until reaching the cloacel membrane

A

Urorectal Septum

30
Q

Internal folds on the lateral surfaces of the cloaca

A

Lateral or Rathke folds

31
Q

What is formed by the urorectal septum?

A

Dorsal rectum and the ventral urogenital sinus

32
Q

Point of contact between the urorectal septum and the cloacal membrane

A

Perineal body

33
Q

Formed by the connective tissue of the allantois

A

Urachus

34
Q

Remants of the urachus between the urogenital sinus and umbilical cord

A

Median Umbilical Ligament

35
Q

Largest portion of the urogenital sinus and will form the urinary bladder

A

Vesical

36
Q

What does the pelivc portion of the urogenital sinus form?

A

Membranous urethra, prostatic urethra, (males). Urethra, distal portion of the vagina (females).

37
Q

Definitive portion of the urogenital sinus forms what?

A

Penile urethra (males), Labia minora and vestibule (females)

38
Q

Uterovaginal primordium persists as what in males?

A

Prostatic Utricle or Utriculus

39
Q

On either side of the utricle

A

Ejaculatory ducts

40
Q

In females, the urogenital sinus gives rise to what paired outgrowths

A

Sinovaginal bulbs

41
Q

What do the fused sinovaginal bulbs form?

A

Vaginal plate

42
Q

Contact point between the sinovaginal bulb and the urogential sinus persists as what?

A

Hymen

43
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the cloacal membrane proliferates in week 4 to form what?

A

Indifferent external genitalia

44
Q

Characterizes the indifferent external genitalia with a ventral midline elevation

A

Genital Tubercle

45
Q

two ridges that extend dorsally for the genital tubercles

A

Urethral folds

46
Q

The depression between the paired urethral folds

A

Urethral Groove

47
Q

Forms the floor of the urethral groove

A

Urethral plate

48
Q

Second, larger pair of folds on the lateral surface of the urethral folds

A

Labioscrotal swelling

49
Q

Urethral folds will fuse in the midline ro form what?

A

Penile (spongy) urethra

50
Q

Gential tubercle elongates to form what?

A

Penis

51
Q

Labioscrotal swelling expand dorsally and fuse at the midline to form what?

A

Scrotum

52
Q

Formed by the ectodermal cord fusing with the distal end of the spongy urethral

A

Extrenal urethra meatus

53
Q

When the spongy urethra opens to the ventral surface

A

Hypospadias

54
Q

Spongy urethra opens to the dorsal surface of the penis

A

Epispadis

55
Q

In females, the genital tubercles elongates to form what?

A

Clitoris

56
Q

In females, urethral folds remained paired forming what?

A

Labia minora

57
Q

Labia minora define the lateral walls of what?

A

vestibule

58
Q

Labioscrotal swellings expand laterally for form what in females?

A

Labia majora

59
Q

Genetic males with normally-developed testes, but the leydig and sertoli cells are non-secretory

A

Male Pseuo-intersexuality

60
Q

Genetic males with normally-developed testes which secrete normal levels of androgens, but the mutations block the membrane receptor for androgens genital ducts are lacking and the external genitalia differentiate as female

A

Complete androgen insensitivity

61
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder involving excessive steriodogenesis, producing mixed genital ducts and external male genitial

A

Congential adrenal hyperplasia

Histology Sem 3 (7 decks)

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