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Histology Sem 3 > Histo Female Repro > Flashcards

Histo Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Major function of the ovaries

A

Produce oocytes and sex hormones

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2
Q

Paired tubes that open with one end into the peritoneal cavity next to the ovary and on the other extremity they open into the uterus

A

Uterine tubes

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3
Q

Components of the female external genitalia

A

mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule

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4
Q

Production of female gametes

A

Oogenesis

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5
Q

Production of steriods

A

Steriodogenesis

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6
Q

Layers of the ovary

A

germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla

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7
Q

Cells of the germinal epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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8
Q

What separates the germinal epithelium and cortex?

A

Tunica albuginea

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9
Q

When are interstitial glands most prominent in humans?

A

1st year of life

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10
Q

2 parts of the ovarian cortex

A

Ovarian follicles and interstitial glands

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11
Q

Composed of luteal cells and produce hormones

A

Interstitial glands

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12
Q

What is contained in the ovarian medulla?

A

Rich vascular bed and nerves in loose connective tissue

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13
Q

When do oocytes enter the 1st division of the meiosis?

A

By the 5th month of gestation

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14
Q

What stage does the oocyte stay in until ovulation?

A

Primary oocyte is arrested in prophase I

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15
Q

3 types of ovarian follicles

A

Primordial, growing, and marture (Graafian)

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16
Q

Earliest stage in follicular development

A

Primordial follicles: consist of oocyte surrounded by a single layer of squamous follicular cells

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17
Q

Appearance of oocyte

A

Large round euchromatic nucleus with 1 or more nuclei. Cytoplasm contains numerous organelles

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18
Q

Stimulates the primordial follicles to develop into growing follicles

A

FSH

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19
Q

Divisions of growing follicles

A

Primary and secondary follicles

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20
Q

Appearance of primary follicle

A

Follucular cells enlarge to cuboidal/columnar and microvilla project into the zona pellucida

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21
Q

Difference between primary and secondary follicles

A

Primary has 1 layer of follicular cells

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22
Q

The “shell” of cross-linked proteins that surrounds the oocyte and separates it from the follicular cells

A

Zona Pellucida

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23
Q

What do the follicular cells turn into?

A

Granulosa cells, that become the stratum granulosum

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24
Q

Located beneath the plasma membrane of an oocyte

A

Cortical granules

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25
Q

Connective tissue around the late primary follicle forms a sheath around the follicle to become what?

A

Theca folliculi

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26
Q

Fluid-filled cavity that appears in the granulosa layer

A

Antrum

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27
Q

Fills the antrum

A

Liquor folliculi

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28
Q

Defines the secondary follicle stage

A

Presence of the antrum

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29
Q

Differentiation of the theca folliculi

A

Theca: interna and externa

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30
Q

Characteristics of the theca interna

A

Steriod-secreting cells with LH receptors that secrete androgens when stimulated

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31
Q

What happens to the androgens after released by theca interna cells?

A

Diffuse thru the basement membrane and aromatase converts it into estrogen within the granulosa cells

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32
Q

Estrogen’s role in follicular cells

A

Promotes follicular growth

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33
Q

Describe the layers of the theca

A

Interna: highly vascularized, Externa: layers of connective tissue with bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblasts

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34
Q

Characteristic of mature follicles

A

Larger follicle, very large antrum

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35
Q

Granulosa between the antrum and theca folliculi

A

Membrana granulosa

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36
Q

Thickened mound of granulosa cells

A

Cumulus oophorus (oocytes embeded here)

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37
Q

Single-cell-layer of granulosa cells that surrounds the oocyte

A

Corona radiata

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38
Q

Form the gap junctions with the oocyte and corona radiata

A

Microvilla of both structures

39
Q

What is deposited b/t the cumulus oophorus-oocyte compled and the membrane granulosa under hormonal regulation?

A

Glucosaminoglycans

40
Q

24 hours before ovulation

A

Surge of FSH and LH released

41
Q

Triggered by hormonal surge

A

Primary oocyte completes the 1st meiotic division and enters meiosis II, and gets arrested in metaphase II

42
Q

When does the oocyte complete meiosis II?

A

If penetrated by spermatozoon

43
Q

Process during which the oocyte is released from the Graafian follicle

A

Ovulation

44
Q

Small area of overian surface above the mature follicle

A

Macula pellucida (aka stigma)

45
Q

Bleeding of cappilaries of the follicle causes the formation of what?

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum

46
Q

What do the granulosa and theca interna form?

A

Corpus luteum: acts as a powerful endocrine gland

47
Q

2 main types of luteal cells

A

Granulosa lutein cells, theca lutein cells

48
Q

Cells derived from granulosa cells that produce progesterone and convert androgens into estrogens

A

Granulosa cells

49
Q

Cells derived from the theca interna cells that mainly produce progesterone and androgens

A

Theca Lutein Cells

50
Q

Purpose of the corpus luteum

A

hormones secreted stimulate growth and secretory activity of the uterine endometrium in prep for implantation of the zygote in case feterilization takes place

51
Q

What maintains the corpus luteum?

A

HCG

52
Q

White scar the replaces the corpus luteum

A

Corpus albicans

53
Q

Degeneration and disappearance of ovarian follicles

A

Ovarian Follicular atresia

54
Q

A benign tumor that sometimes contains a bizarre composistion of tissues within it

A

Cystic teratoma

55
Q

Regions of the uterine tube

A

Infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, intramural part

56
Q

Funnel-like part of the tube that opens into the peritoneal cavity near the ovary

A

Infundibulum

57
Q

Finger-like projections of the infundibulum

A

Fimbriae

58
Q

Longest portion of the uterine tube, site of fertilization

A

Ampulla

59
Q

Narrow segment of the uterine tube adjacent to the uterus

A

Isthmus

60
Q

Part of the uterine tube that lies within the uterine wall and opens into the lumen of the uterus

A

Intramural part

61
Q

Layers of the uterine tube

A

Mucosa, muscularis, serosa

62
Q

Part of the mucosa of the uterine tubes that is best expressed at the ampulla

A

Deep longitudinal Folds

63
Q

Epithelium of the uterine tube

A

Ciliated simple columnar

64
Q

Types of cells of the uterine tube

A

Ciliated cells and peg cells

65
Q

Most numerous cells in the uterine tube, that direct the ovum towards the uterus

A

Ciliated cells

66
Q

Secretory cells that produce fluid that provides nutritive material for the ovum

A

Peg cells (non-ciliated)

67
Q

Composed of smooth muscle and organized into inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer. Helps to move the ovum along the tube by peristaltic contractions

A

Muscularis

68
Q

Thin layer of connective tissue covered with a mesothelial lining

A

Serosa

69
Q

Layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

70
Q

Layers of the endometrium

A

Stratum: basale and functionale

71
Q

Highly cellular loose connective tissue that has a high number of actively dividing cells in the endometrium

A

Endometrial stroma

72
Q

Type of glands in the endometrium epithelium

A

Unbranched tubular glands (simple columnar)

73
Q

Branches of the uterine radial arteries that continue up towards the luminal surface and supply the stratum, become highly coiled

A

Spiral Arteries

74
Q

Dillated portion of uterine capillaries

A

Lacunae

75
Q

Controls the cyclic changes of the endometrium during the mentrual cycle

A

Gonadotropins secreted by the pars distalis of the pituitary

76
Q

3 phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Proliferative, Secretory, Menstrual

77
Q

Phase that is influenced by the secretion of estrogen

A

Proliferative phase (concurrent with follicular maturation)

78
Q

Phase that is influenced by the secretion of progesterone

A

Secretory phase (concurrent with active corpus luteum)

79
Q

How is the secretory phase characterized?

A

Activation of the uterine glands that enlarge and become corkscrew-shaped

80
Q

Phase that results from a decline in the production of progesterone and estrogen

A

Mentrual phase

81
Q

Common, painful condition when clusters of endometrial cells settle outside of the uterus

A

Endometriosis

82
Q

Thickest layer of the uterine wall

A

Myometrium

83
Q

Middle layer of the myometrium that contains a large number of larger blood and lymphatic vessels

A

Stratum vasculare

84
Q

Most frequently diagnosed gynecologic tumor, benign tumor of the myometrium

A

Leiomyoma

85
Q

Malignant tumor of the myo or endometrium

A

Leiomyosarcoma

86
Q

Outer layer of the uterus

A

Perimetrium

87
Q

Cells of the endocervix

A

Simple columnar

88
Q

Cells of the ectocervix

A

Stratified squamous

89
Q

Border between endocervix and ectocervix

A

Transition zone

90
Q

Common area for cervical cancer

A

Transitional zone

91
Q

Layers of the vagina

A

Mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

92
Q

Tranverse folds of the vagina mucosa

A

Rugae

93
Q

Epithelium of the vaginal mucosa

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous

94
Q

Forms the vaginal lamina propria

A

Loose connective tissue

Histology Sem 3 (7 decks)

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