wet water lands

Question 1

T/F: you can tell that a habitat is a wetland when you see lots water on the surface

Answer 1

False, not all wetlands have water on the surface

Question 2

hydrophytes are

Answer 2

Water loving planes

Question 3

hydric soils have ____ organic content on top and underneath ____ mineral layers

Answer 3

High
Grey, anaerobic

Question 4

Why is some soil red and other soil grey?

Answer 4

Red soil occurs via redox reactions with iron and oxygen.

Grey soil doesn’t have oxygen so can’t undergo redox reaction with iron = grey colour

Question 5

Wetland functions x3

Answer 5

• dampen flood events
• process and purify runoff
• hotspots of biogeochemical cycles (carbon storage and processing)

Question 6

wetlands get drained when you connect them to

Answer 6

Larger lakes

Question 7

Wetlands are classified based on

Answer 7

Geomorphology
Hydrology
Climate
Nutrient input
Vegetation

Question 8

Most wetlands located in the far north. Why do you think that is?

Answer 8

Because high precipitation and low evaporation keeps the water on the surface of earth

Question 9

Coastal wetlands:
- “transitional”, this means…
- important ______ of storms
- 3 coastal wetlands:

Answer 9

• transitional in terms of varying salt through wetland (more salt near sea, less salt as you approach inland)
• buffers
• tidal salt marshes, mangrove swamps, floating marshes

Question 10

Tidal salt marsh:
- have ____ waters
- harsh habitat in terms of:
- lots of ______
- ____ but _____ diversity of biota

Answer 10

• brackish
• wet-dry cycle, large temperature fluctuations
• grasses
• abundant but limited

Question 11

what does the term brackish waters mean

Answer 11

Influenced by ocean tides

Question 12

why do tidal salt marshes have large termpature fluctuations

Answer 12

Because since there’s a wet dry cycle, sometimes the marsh doesn’t have any water = no water as insulator with the suns harsh rays

Question 13

mangrove swamps
- lots of _______ trees
Occurs in areas with minimal _____ action and ______ accumulation
- sediment is _____-
- species exhibit ______

Answer 13

Halophytic/mangrove
- minimal wave action and sediment accumulation
Anoxic
Zonation

Question 14

t/F: the same type of mangrove tree is found within the entirety of a mangrove swamp

Answer 14

False
Different types of mangrove species the further in you go inland (more salt water on edge, more freshwater inland = different mangrove species across gradient)

Question 15

Floating marshes
- vegetation forms _____ that float on water
- common in _______

Answer 15

Thick mats of roots
River deltas and other stable environments

Question 16

marsh vs swamp

Answer 16

Swamp = trees
Marsh = herbaceous planes

Question 17

riparian wetlands
- beside _____
- flooding is beneficial for riparian wetlands because:
- easily affected by _____

Answer 17

Rivers
Because exchange of nutrients between river-forest and spawning of some fish species linked to flooding
Human activities

Question 18

T/f: riparian wetlands can be with trees or herbaceous plants expending on water content

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Pothole wetlands
- ____ ecosystems
- depressions formed byt ________
- can be highly _____

Answer 19

Marsh
Retreating glaciers
Saline

Question 20

why can pothole wetlands be hella salty

Answer 20

Because high evaporation in prairies and salt gets left behind like a loser

Question 21

peatlands
- ______ wetlands that accumulate ____
- _____ exceeds _____
- has lots of ______

Answer 21

Depressional that accumulate organic matter
Production exceeds decomposition
Carbon

Question 22

why do peatlands have high production and LOW DECOMP

Answer 22

Low temperature (arctic) and high acidity or alkalinity = harsh environment = not lots of microbes that can survive here

Question 23

bogs vs fens
- water flow
- nutrient level
- acidity levels
- diversity levels

Answer 23

bogs:
- water flow = low
- nutrient level = low
- acidity levels= acidic af
- diversity levels = low

Fens:
- water flow = receives hella runoff
- nutrient level = high
- acidity levels = neutral to alkaline
- diversity levels = high

Question 24

Smaller wetlands are
- mostly fed by ____
- can be seasonal hotspots of ____
- can be created by _____

Answer 24

Precipitation
Diversity
Animals

Question 25

wetlands characteristics:

Answer 25

Permanence
Predictability
Seasonality

Question 26

wetlands sources of water:

Answer 26

Precipitation
Surface water
Gorund water
Evapotranspitation levels
Tides

Question 27

t/f: a wetland enviornment is always the same across the entire wetland

Answer 27

False: many sub habitats can exist in a single wetland

Question 28

Wetlands are at risk from global warming by:

Answer 28

Increased evaporation
Changing precipitation patterns
Increased decomposition in peatlands

Question 29

T/f small wetlands with permanent flow are most at risk

Answer 29

False
Small wetlands with NON-permanent flow