physio graphs of water

Question 1

rivers are made due to gravity and thermodynamics. how?

Answer 1

precipitation of water from sky hits mountain = gravity causes water to flow down the hill = water accumulates in low areas = erosion forms channels = forms rivers

Question 2

rivers are ____% of total freshwater

Answer 2

0.006

Question 3

longest river

Answer 3

nile

Question 4

largest discharge

Answer 4

amazon

Question 5

largest drainage

Answer 5

amazon

Question 6

drainage area definition

Answer 6

land area drained by all tributary systems above a chosen point on a main channel
(where water is being drained from upstream)

Question 7

what is a watershed

Answer 7

outer boundary of drainage area

Question 8

what is discharge

Answer 8

volume of water passing through a channel through unit of time

Question 9

T/F a first order stream is typically larger than a third order stream

Answer 9

false the third one is typically larger

Question 10

hydrograph plots

Answer 10

discharge vs time
how amount of water changes over time

Question 11

shape of hydrograph depends on ____ and ___.
hydrographs are also ____ specific

Answer 11

soil and rain event
biome specific

Question 12

3 ways rainwater reaches streams

Answer 12

overland flow
subsurface flow
groundwater

Question 13

perennial flow def

Answer 13

flow at all times except during severe drought and receive groundwater at all times

Question 14

intermittent flow def

Answer 14

flow some of the times, and sometimes receives ground water (seasonal)

Question 15

ephemeral flow def

Answer 15

flow rarely (only when storms) and never receive groundwater

Question 16

T/F: humans putting a dam in the middle of a river will cause more variability of river flow

Answer 16

false: dam = less variability of flow = more stable/constant flow

Question 17

why do meanders (S shaped pattern of rivers form)

Answer 17

alternate areas of erosion and deposition due to different speed of water flowing in different areas

Question 18

pool riffle features of rivers

Answer 18

regular pattern of shallow, fast areas, alternating with deep, slow areas

Question 19

braided rivers occur with ____ slopes and ______ sediments

Answer 19

high
non cohesive

Question 20

confined rivers are ____ channels made by ______ sediments

Answer 20

narrow
unerodable (erode very slowly)

Question 21

the floodplain is what

Answer 21

the level area near the channel that is flooded during moderate flowt

Question 22

the floodplain is most common in _____ rivers

Answer 22

lowland/meandering

Question 23

____ and _____ resist erosion

Answer 23

vegetation and soil cohesion

Question 24

most bank erosion during ___ flows

Answer 24

high

Question 25

the composition of the river bed determines

Answer 25

if a river can erode and move sediment

Question 26

T/F. it’s easier to erode sand compared to clay and gravel

Answer 26

no, clay is smaller = easier to move = faster erosion

gravel is larger but once it’s moving it’s easier to erode

Question 27

what comprises the “wash load”

Answer 27

the dissolved load and suspended load
(those particles move in/though the water)

Question 28

why is the material of the bed load, NOT part of the wash load

Answer 28

because those particles move along the bed

Question 29

T/F: highest concentration of heavy particles at top of water column/river

Answer 29

False
heavy shit like sand and pebbles stay near bottom of river. the lighter materials like clay are easier to move around and are eaqually dispersed through river

Question 30

T/F a river will always move small particles in the wash load region

Answer 30

false, if there’s not enough flow strength to move the smaller particles in the wash load, they could always move along the bed load

Question 31

river channel form/shape determined by…

Answer 31

discharge and sediment