Dirt water Flashcards
Lec 4
type of aquatic habitat defined based on what two things
Geology and hydrology
Do small or large habitats tend to change quicker
Small
_________ patterns determine spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation
Global air circulation
how do mountains create additional precipitation
moist air pushed in from sea travels up the mountains, temp decreases up the mountains = can’t hold on to moisture = rain falls
Global air circulation patterns driven by
Temperature, topography and position of continents
Not all rain reaches aquatic habitats. What happens to this precipitation?
- transpiration by plants
- evaporate
- infiltrate (into soil)
- runoff (back to ocean)
water yield def
Amount of precipitation that ends up as runoff
Equator vs sub tropics, which has a higher water yield
Equator because High precipitation and low evaporation (because way more cloud coverage) = keep more water in environment
what is water yield impacted by
Temperature, precipitation and soil
Low water yield = ______ aquatic ecosystems
Few/low
Water moves through the ground via
Percolation and subsurface flow
T/F: Percolation moves water down from the saturated to unsaturated zone
FALSE
Moves water from the UNsaturated to the Saturated zone
I’m the prof and I’m digging into the ground to make my basement. Oh no, my shovel hit water and now there’s a geyser spewing water from the ground. I probably hit a ______ aqua fire
Confined aquafier
Because its saturated so more likely to be high pressure
Water moves up from the saturated to unsaturated zone at the
Capillary fringe
Unsaturated zone has ____ oxygen whereas saturated zone has ____ oxygen
High
Low
Confined aquafier: water is _______
Saturated
Explain how water can move into a confined aquafier via plate tectonics
unconfined aquafier can get moved around by plate tectonics over time -> makes a bubble of water that can’t move = confined.
T/F: typically more invertebrates living in confined aquafier
FALSE
More life in UNconfined aquafier because lots more movement and lots more available oxygen
percolation definitiaon and what is determined by what
Movement of water from unsaturated to saturated zone
Determined by soil texture and composition
T/F: fine particles like clay have slower percolation than coarse particles like sand
True
Recharge definitation
Rate of water percolation into saturated zone
Hydraulic conductivity definition and what does it depend on
Rate of flow of water through soil
Depends on permeability/grain size
T/F: small clay has high hydraulic conductivity
FALSE
Small clay = water moves slowly through it = low hydraulic conductivity
Porosity definition
Amount of water that can be held in sediment (space between sediment)(
As pore size increases, what two things happen
Water drains faster
More water can be held at saturation
Homogenous groundwater habitats: groundwater flows through regions of _______
Water flows in ________ directions
Same things (particle size and arrangement)
Predicable
Heterogenous groundwater habitat:
Groundwater flow through regions of __________
Water flows in _______ directions
Variable substrate types (different things)
Variable directions and speeds
Karst landforms:
Occurs in _______
Water flowing through bedrock can ______ that material
Fish and other invertebrates ________ to isolated environment over time
Limestone/bedrock
Dissolve
Adapt
Hyporheic zone: definition, what happens at that location
- transition zone (ecotone) at bed of aquatic ecosystems
- exchange materials and organisms between ground and surface habitats
