pollution

Question 1

_____ lakes and streams in USA are impaired. what does this mean

Answer 1

1/3
impaired = evidence of changes/damage to aquatic life, people can’t drink this water/swim

Question 2

no more “perfect” ecosystems due to ___ and _____

Answer 2

climate change
atmospheric transport

Question 3

exposure vs response

Answer 3

exposure = contact with a toxicant
response = physiological reaction to the exposure

Question 4

LD50 vs LC 50 vs EC50

Answer 4

lethal dose = amount of chemical to cause death in 50% of population

lethal concentration = concentration that causes death in 50%

effective concentration = conversation that causes a physiological effect in 50%

Question 5

3 types of responses to pollution

Answer 5

additive
antagonistic
synergistic

Question 6

bioconcentration definition

Answer 6

ability for toxicant to move from water into organism

Question 7

bioaccumulation definition

Answer 7

accumulation of toxicant from food

Question 8

biomagnicification def

Answer 8

amplifies up food web

Question 9

bioassessment definition:
based on ______
presence/absence of a species is an indicator for _____ of the ecosystem for that species

Answer 9

use of or gains to assess the effects of pollutants
ecological tolerance
suitability

Question 10

organic pollutants:
examples
give some characteristics

Answer 10

pesticides, PCBs, petroleum…
persistent, toxic, bioaccumulates, biomagnifies

Question 11

pharmaceutics and endocrine disruptors:
examples
found at ___ concentration
what effects does it give

Answer 11

hormones, caffeine, antimicrobials
low
hormones can affect behaviour/reprodction of fish
antimicrobials reduce amount of microbes

Question 12

acid rain:
greatest impacts in regions where _____
causes

Answer 12

where soils/rock have low buffering capacity

• reduced rates of decomposition
• reduce diversity of biota
• kills fish

Question 13

metals and inorganic pollutants
examples
___ concentrations due to human activity
bio____ and bio_____

Answer 13

zinc, mercury, lead…
increased
bioaccumulation and bioconcentration

Question 14

salt pollution:
___ stress causes ________
occurs via _____ in winter or ____ in drier areas
how does climate change cause this

Answer 14

osmotic stress causes lower growth and reproduction
road salt in winter
irrigation in drier areas
climate change increases evaporation in certain areas = higher salt concentration

Question 15

why is too much suspended solids/sediments bad

Answer 15

decrease primary production
increase anoxia
bury benthic habitats and spawning areas
interfere with gill respiration

Question 16

thermal pollutants
changes habitat _____
originate from ______

Answer 16

habitat termpearture
power plants/industrial areas

Question 17

UV radiation:
humans increase what type of radiation
less ozone =
affects ______ productivity

Answer 17

UVB
less ozone = changes amount of suspended solids
phytoplankton