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Spring Semester 2014 > Western Religion Final Exam > Flashcards

Western Religion Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Comes from the arabic root “salema”. Means peace, purity and obedience.

A

Islam

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2
Q

One who surrenders and submits to the laws of God

A

Muslim

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3
Q

Name 2 things wrong with Mohammedan?

A
  1. Not allowed to portray a prophet
  2. Gives the impression muslims follow a man-mande teaching of Muhammed, rather than divine
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4
Q

Name the imbalances in the battle of Badr

A
  • Muhammed believers had 313 soldiers
  • Quarash had 1300 soldiers
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5
Q

What was the result of the Battle of Badr?

A
  • Muhammed believers won
    • attributed to Allah
  • Strengthened Muhammed’s position in Medina
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6
Q

Nam 3 sources for interpreting Quran?

A
  1. Quran itself
  2. Prophetic Hadith
  3. Opinions of prophetic companions and successors
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7
Q

What is commemorated on Ashura by Shi’a?

A

Mourn for the grandson of Muhammed @ Battle of Karbala

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8
Q

What is commemorated on Ashura for Sunni?

A
  • day of atonement
  • israelites freed from pharoah of egypt
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9
Q

What happened in the 8th century?

A
  • Umayyad Dynasty conquered Southern Spain
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10
Q

Desribe the Golden Age

A
  • Arab Spain produced renaissands
  • worlds grestest minds
  • spread of science, mysticism, and propserity
  • Pluralism- Muslim-Christians-Jews lived in mutual tolerance
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11
Q

What did the Wahhabi movement destroy x4?

A
  1. Prophet’s tomb in Medina
  2. Shrines of Ali and Son of Husayn
  3. Attacked Shi’i
  4. Tombs of Sufi Saints
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12
Q

What extremist movements of today were influenced by Wahhabi movement?

A

Taliban & Al Qaeda

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13
Q

For indigenous religions- what is the problem with the term “primitive”?

A
  • the culture did not begin until encountered by modern civilized cultures
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14
Q

What were biases of indigenous religions? x4

A
  1. Non literate
  2. no distinction between religious and non relgious
  3. stories are labeled “myth”, while buddhist sutras- “sacred literature”
  4. Not historical
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15
Q

What is the problem with words/language and religion?

A
  • Jews didn’t say we belong to this religion
  • Via Negative= can only describe God based on what he/she is NOT
  • Difficult to describe God, language may be meaningless
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16
Q

Define Dhikr in Sufism

A

remembrence of god

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17
Q

How is Dhikr Practiced?

A
  1. Repetition of the name of God, Allah
  2. Special body movements or elaborate breathing
  3. Sometimes practiced in silence
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18
Q

Name 3 Areas where Genocide occured in indigenous religions?

A
  1. America
  2. New Zealand
  3. Africa
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19
Q

How did Genocide occur in Africa

A
  • Millions of Africans were taken from their homes and sent to the Americas as slaves
  • 11 million survived
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20
Q

How many indigenous people died in 1600 in the Americas?

A
  • 90% of the original population died as result of European arrival
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21
Q

Define Progressive Revelation according to Baha’u’llah?

A
  • truth is revealed by God progressively over time through a series of divine Messengers
22
Q

Who was Baha’u’llah

A
  • a new prophet thrown in prison
  • muslims believed that there can never be another prophet besides Muhammed
  • recognition of unity
23
Q

Name the 3 teaching of Bahai according to social equality?

A
  1. Unity of God- (one, source of all)
  2. Unity of Religion-(all from the same source)
  3. Unity of Humanity
24
Q

What is the Kabbalah

A
  • Jewish mysticism based on the journey to the self
25
Q

What was the Kabbalah movement critcized for?

A
  1. Used for escapism
  2. People believe if they plug into the system they will have all the answers
  3. Went door to door, prostelizing
26
Q

Define Thetan in Scientology

A
  • soul
  • each is billions of years old
  • reincarnated
27
Q

Define Auditing in Scientology

A
  • asking a person a question and acknowledging him/her for that answer
  • Auditing= listener
  • person being asked the questions is called preclear
28
Q

Define e-meter in scientology

A
  • electrical measuring instrument used during auditing
  • measures mental blocks
29
Q

How did Freud view religion?

A
  • A neurosis
  • unwilling to face the fact that life is mortal
30
Q

How did Carl Jung view religion?

A
  • Man is naturally religious
  • religiousness comes from the unconscious
31
Q

How did New Age movement contrast with organized faith, in terms of gender?

A
  • gave women opportunity for expression and leadership
  • Established religions are relativiely male dominated
32
Q

Give some examples of New Age movements

A
  • Hinduism, Buddhism, Sufism, IChing
    • fascination with the depths of awareness
  • Eastern experiences offered something that the west did not
33
Q

What term sums up the New Age Movement?

A

holistic-a quest for the wholeness

34
Q

Conflict with meditation

A
  • too passivist
  • not taking political action for social change
35
Q

Ramadan x4

A
  • fasting
  • one of the five pillars of islam
  • a time of spiritual reflection
  • cleanse the soul
36
Q

Describe the symbolic nature of a burqa

A

symbol of modesty, honesty, morality

37
Q

Why are burquas a conflict with Quran

A
  • Quran has no requirement that women cover their faces
  • BOTH men and women are said to behave modestly in public
38
Q

What is the cause of the sunni and Shia split

A
  • Argument on the caliphate selection
  • could not come to an agreement on who would succeed the prophet Muhammed
39
Q

What is the authority structure for Sunni?

A

tradition goes back to Muhammed

40
Q

What is the authority structure for Shia

A

believe in the physical succession appointed by Ali and Hussein

41
Q

What does Falun Gong mean

A
  • Dharma wheel
  • Meditation combined with slow moving Qigong exercises
42
Q

Falun gong for your health

A

intended to balance yin and yang

43
Q

Falun Gong for religious practice

A
  • what your practice exudes in you goes out into th world
  • allows the world to be peaceful and harmonious
44
Q

Describe issues with modern fundamentalism today

A
  • homosexuality comes in conflict
  • science in conflict with creationism
  • Good and Evil struggly
    • Evil- are the advocates for same sex marriage and abortion rights
45
Q

Define pluralism

A

coexistance

46
Q

Why is pluralism not like diversity?

A
  • Different religions/ethnic backgrounds may be present in one place, but NOT engaged.
47
Q

Why is pluralism not like relativism?

A

Relativism can lead us to ignore profound differences.

48
Q

Define relativism

A
  • No objective standards that apply to all people at all time in all places.
  • Everthing is relative
49
Q

How did Judaism change from its original form

A
  • Historical persecution throughout
  • Developed Reform
  • Modernity may change the interfaith dialogue & attitudes towards universalism
50
Q

Examples of Fetish in Western Religion

A
  • lighting candles
  • statues
  • priest
  • ministers
51
Q

Define Naive Realism

A

The world is as I see it (ego centric). Our graps of the world is limited, can’t even see full spectrum of colors.

Spring Semester 2014 (7 decks)

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