Western Religion Exam 2 Flashcards
Jesus of History
who jesus was both from the gospels and archaelogy
Christ of Faith
- diregard the Jesus of history when it is contradictory to faith
- how the gospels view jesus
What record of Jesus do we have
- Quelle Source- written from the gospels
- No record of writings or artifacts
- Comes from other people
Bias of Jesus
- Speak from a faith encouraging a faith
- Gospel= “good news”
- place Jesus among most astute perceptive teachers
Why should we study the individual Gospels?
- Each Gospel as the product of an individual author
- Own interpretation and audience in mind.
Apostle Paul
- No longer had to be a Jew to follow Jesus
- Went from being a persecuted minority to an acceptance
- Founder of Christianity
- no longer needed to be circumzied, no dietary restrictions.
- What you put in your mout is gone
- What you put in your heart
What are Gnostics
- Believed Jesus Christ was NOT divine
- disputed institutional Church and hierachy
How was Gnosticism a blend of philosoophy and mysticism
- Did not want anything in writing
- writing it corrupted it
- Subjective, because you can’t observe religious experience
How did Constantine and Theodosius alter Christianity
- Made Christianity a relgion of Roman Empire
- Spread all over Europe
- Constantine converted to Christianity, hard to say whether it was for political gain.
Compromise- Jesus a human being or Jesus as a divine being?
- Went against Arian views
- Adopted Nicene CREED
- The belief in one God and lord Jesus Christ was the son of God
Jesus one person with 2 natures
- Ephesus
- Council of Chalcedon
What does filioque mean
“and the son”
Eastern Orthodox and Western Roman Chirstianity
- Rome had authority to change what the Church agreed on.
- Three councils were held, two by Constantinople, one by Rome
- Orthodox thought Filioque was heresy
Purpose of Christian Crusades (1099-1204 CE)
to take back Jersusalem (holy land) from the Muslims. That’s where Jesus spent most of his life.
What happened at the 4th crusade
- Sacked Constantinople
- worsened the image of the Byzantines in the eyes of the Western powers
Episcopal Inquisition by Pope Lucius III, 1184 CE
- To combat heresy
- Fear of non-conforming behavior
What were consequnces of heresy for Episcopal Inquisition
- Those who confessed were confined, physically abused or tortured
- Personal grudges led to accusation of witchcraft
Mysticism vs Faith
- Mysticism- based on experience and your relation to others. A common awareness of the sacred w/o evidence or proof
- Faith- belif in the union of God and man
Printing Press
- Bible printed center of its teaching
- Luther translated to Geman instead of Latin, more accessible
- Left to interpret the book
- once read they started critiquing the church
- “this is our source our only source”
How the Anglican Church separated from Rome?
- King Henry 8th wanted to divorce his wife and the Pope said “no” so he separated from the Catholic Church
- Whatever the religion of the king was the religion of the subjects
George Fox, Society of Friends
- The lord does not dwel in made made churches but in people’s hearts
- quakers, no church everyone is equal
Problems Rome had with Chinese missionary, Jesuit Ferdinand?
- Jesuits adapted to the country
- Got too involved
- Went to China and accepted by Emperor
- Confuscious is a Saint and blessed him
- Spoke Chines
Conversions to Christianity in South America problematic
- If you weren’t Christiain/Catholic you couldn’t be saved.
- 1/3 of population is christian
Protestant Services
- no hierarchical structure
- Focus more on scripture
- Central authority are the scriptures
Catholic Services
- Pope head of world wide church
- Pope is earthly representtative of christ
- Bible, reason, church tradition and scriptures together
Science vs Religion
- Enlightenment-Science reason with tools
- Orthodoxy denied development
- Science does not deny development
Astronomy
- Galileo claimed the earth orbited the sun
- Church- contrary to scripture
Biology
challenged creationsim with the theory of evolution
What are the 7th day adventists
guided by the gifts of prophecy
Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Jehovah’s kingdom anticipated of the “end”
- Door to door missionary work “awake” & “watchtower”
- Jesus christ is a created being
- refuse to salute flags or serve in armies, because they see themselves as citizens of another kingdom
Christian Science
- Realitys is spiritual
- material world is an illusion
- diseases is a spiritual disorder rather than phys.
- Most affected when not combined with medical care
- some were accused of manslaughter and neglect
Karl Marx
- man makes religion, religion doesn’t make man
- Religion conscious of man whoa has either not yet found himself or has already lost himself.
- heart of the heartless world.
Liberation Theology
- (karl marx)
- reaction to poverty caused by social injustics
- teachings and being liberated from an unjust economic, political and social conditions
Women a mixed bag
- Early jesus had women disciples
- Patriarchal culture no authoirty role
- Women priests were considered “outside” a threat.
- Women nuns had a reputation of being mystics
Give an example of pathology and how psychology can study a religious situation?
Jonestown mass suicide & the power of social influences
Psychology and pathology in behavior
may not be appropriate to call religious behavior pathological. Psychology can’t observe inner consciousness.
Love is it true when someone says it? Control over another? Stalker?
Icons in Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- “Thou shalt have no graven images”
- Images don’t depict God
- Venerate/Honor
- “word” pictures- most people were illiterate
- Visual aids, like the America nflag
