Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spring Semester 2014 > Human Development Exam 3 > Flashcards

Human Development Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Puberty

A
  • A public, not an even but a process
  • prepare body for sexual reproduction.
    • physiology/anatomy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spermarche

A

man’s first ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Testosterone

A
  • a steroid hormone, produced by testes
  • 20x more in men, women 4x (adrenal cortex)
  • Body weight changes, muscles change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Estrogen

A
  • steroid hormone produced by ovarian follicles
  • Boys 2x, Girls 8x
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A
  • Directly related to reproduction
  • changes in ovaries/testes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A
  • Not related to reproduction
  • Breasts/Facial hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secular Trend

A
  • puberty occuring at earlier and earlier ages
  • Age going down by 4 months every generation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anorexia

A
  • compulsive fear of getting fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bulimia

A
  • obssesive desire to lose weight
  • overeating and vomiting
  • more common in upper class women
  • disengaged parents
  • easier to treat b/c more interested in changing their behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothetical Deductive Reasoning

A
  • Problem solving using a general theory to deduce specific hypothesis
  • then testing systematically
    • Example: when a beaker turns pink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Personal Fable

A
  • Ego Centrism
  • Experiences are unique and no one understands them
  • problem in safe sex, drinking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Imaginary Audience

A
  • Ego centrism
  • I am on stage. Everyone is looking at me
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Four Factors that contribute to Menarche Timing

A
  1. Heredity
  2. Family environment (present of step-father. pheromones)
  3. Race/Ethnicity
  4. Weight (17% fat, 106 lbs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does sleep change with puberty?

A
  • REM patterns more adult-like
  • Go to sleep much later, desire to sleep in later (eveningness)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adolescent Sleep Changes- Problems?

A
  • Daytime sleepiness
  • 40% sleep deprived (grumpy/bad decisions)
  • sleep in on the weekends (bad)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identity

A
  • Who Am I?
    • Sexually
    • Ethnically
    • Achievement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tightly strucutral groups of 5-7 friends. Look and act the same. Same sex, ethnicity.

A

Cliques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Based on stereotypes. Large, loosely organized groups of cliques. Identity in the larger school.

Example: Band Geeks, Jocks, Preps, Druggies

A

Crowds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Generation Gap

A
  • Difference in attitudes
  • Similarities in core values
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

G. Stanley Hall Theory of Strom and Stress

A
  • Adolescent characterization
  • Extreme highs and lows
  • Creates stress
  • Turbulent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What behaviors led Stanely to storm & stress theory?

A
  • Riskier behavior
  • fighting
  • aggression
  • deviance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What evidence is there for storm and stress

A
  • rats fight more if you put them in a nest
  • travel further from the pack
  • more negative moods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs of early maturation in boys

A
  • Decline in academic performance
  • more leadership positions
    • more independet
    • stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Signs of early maturation in girls

A
  • low self-esteem
  • decline in academic performance
  • eating disorders/body image
  • bigger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Signs of late maturation in boys

A
  • Anxious
  • overly talkative
  • attention seeking
  • poorer body image (resolves itself)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Signs of late maturation in girls

A
  • Well adjusted
  • regarded as attractive
  • may become rigid, inflexible, conforming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Androgency

A

both male/female traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Changes associated with puberty & relationship with parents

A
  • fighting more often
  • still seek guidance, but more remote
  • autonomy
  • media (parents anxious)
  • self fulfilling prophecy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

4 Identity Statuses by James Marcia

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Foreclosure
  3. Moratorium
  4. Achieved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Diffusion, Marica

A
  • no exploration,
  • no commitment.
  • Powerless
  • Apathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Foreclosure

A
  • high commitment
  • low exploration
  • no questioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Moratorium

A
  • Depressed
  • still exploring
  • Lack of commitment seems daunting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Achieved

A
  • Explored
  • present commitment
  • make political decision
  • feel good/high self esteem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which identity status is positive?

A

Achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Which Identity Status is Negative

A

Diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

4 Things that contibute to healthy sexual development in adolescence?

A
  1. Comfort with maturing body
  2. Accept feelings of sexual arousal as normal
  3. Sex is a voluntary activity.
  4. Practicing safer sex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When should sex education begin?

A

Earlier, around 9 years of age. Before it all is happening. Schools start too late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What wrong with sex ed?

A
  • Media never shows people wearing condoms, no fluids, always get an orgasm
  • Should run the program for a longer period of time
  • need trained teachers
  • variety of teaching methods
  • practice in engotiation and refusal skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does sex ed not teach

A

LGBT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Describe contraceptive usage in adolescensce

A
  • personal fable
  • very infrequent
  • 2nd highest rate of STI’s & teen pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Condom Issue in school

A
  • don’t want to make more desirable
  • Makes no difference though
  • at least have more tools
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What factors are correlatid with adolescent parenting x3

A
  1. parental warmth and involvement
  2. poor school performance
  3. alcohol/drug use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What evidence is there that adolescents are more suseptible to addiction

A
  • changes in limbic system- drugs blast dopamine
  • Brain takes longer for dopamin to reserve than adults
    • Try to delay drinking alcohol until more mature
  • BAD TIME
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How do adolescents describe themselves?

A

“I’m intelligent”

  • Interested in future self
  • mask true self with fable self
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Formal operational thinker

A
  • adolescence
  • last stage
  • abstract/hypothetical
  • more idealistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

In favor of teen employment

A
  • Character building
  • Keepy idle hands busy
  • breakdown barriers between adolescent and adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Against teen employment

A
  • interferes with school
  • unnecessary stress
  • takes time away from more important leisure activities
  • working long hours takes time away from school and might drop out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why are girls more vulnerable to depression?

A
  • Low levels of seratonin
  • twice as likely as men
  • cognitive styles- ruminate
  • oxytocin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The ability to use skills, knowledge, and experience. It does not equate to memory, but it does rely on accessing information from long-term memory.

A

Crystallized intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

To think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.

A

Fluid Intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
  • Period of exploration, love and career.
  • Not identity achieved
  • Not cuturally universal
  • when LGBT comes out
  • high sex
A

Emerging Adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

4 Characteristics of Emerging Adulthood

A
  1. Responsibilities
  2. Intellectual assets
  3. Pschological assets
  4. Socail Assets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q
  • Adapting logical thinking to practical constrains of real life
  • life is uncertain/ambiguous.
  • A+ B not = C
A

Pragmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Reflective Thinking

A

Evaluation of info that includes both logical evidence & implications (shades of gray)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Stage where there is more critical thinking. Plularistic. Reflective thinking & pragmatism.

A

Postformal Thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

mental illness and compulsive behavior resulting from alcohol dependency

A

Alcoholism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

this term is used when preference is for going to bed late and waking up late

A

eveningness

58
Q

Negative impacts of binge drinking

A
  • unintentional injuries
  • alcohol poisoning
  • STD’s
  • Sex dysfunction
  • intentional injuries
  • neurological problems
59
Q

Ideas for Intervention of binge drinking x5

A
  • alternative activies
  • education and counseling
  • ad campaigns
  • harsh penalties underage
  • high tax
60
Q

Kohlberg’s 3 Levels of Moral Reasoning

Discontinuous

A
  1. Preconventional
  2. Conventional
  3. Post Conventioanl
61
Q

Preconventional

A
  • Worrying about punishment and reward.
  • Self Interest
62
Q

Worrying about societal rules and norms. What society expects of me?

A

Conventional Reasoning (most common)

63
Q

Post-Conventional

A
  • Abstract personal principles.
  • Autonomy or personal conviction
64
Q

Cohabitation

A

two people who are not married live together in an emotionally/sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis.

65
Q

What purpose does college serve?

A

pluralistic, discovering your vocation, conventional reasoning.

66
Q

Why do people drop out of college?

A
  • 30-50%
  • Financial problems
  • Cultural disrespect, not wanted or valued
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
67
Q

5 Stages of vocational exploration in emerging adulthood

A
  1. Fantasy (3-14) unrealistic doesn’t match up.
  2. Crystallization( 14-18) how do my talents match me?
  3. Specification (18-21)- firming goal
  4. Implementation (21-24) training/employment
  5. Stabilization (24-35) working/confirming
68
Q

4 Ethnic Identity Statuses

A
  1. Bicultural
  2. Separated
  3. Assimilated
  4. Marginal
69
Q

Bicultural

A
  • High identification with majority culture
  • high identification with ethnic grp
70
Q

Separated

A
  • low identi with majority culture
  • high ident with ethnic group
71
Q

Assimilated

A
  • High identification with majority
  • low identification with ethnic group
72
Q

Marginal

A
  • low identification with majority
  • low identification with ethnic grp
73
Q

What are some religious changes in emerging adulthood?

A
  • DECLINE
74
Q

Age related loss of vision of nearby objects

A
  • Presbyopia- (loss of elasticity of lens)
75
Q

Loss of muscle mass and strength

A

Sarcopenia

76
Q

Age related loss of hearing, especially higher frequency sounds

A

Presbycusis

77
Q

Mid life transition, fertility declines. More dramatic for women then men

A

Climacteria

78
Q

maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs

A

Vital Capacity

79
Q

Happens in late 40s to early 50s. Menstural period completely cease.

A

Menopause

80
Q

inability of a man to maintain an erection sufficient for satisfying sexual activity

A

Erectile Dysfunction

81
Q

Chronically high blood pressure. 73% are unaware of this.

A

Hypertension

82
Q

Brittle thin bones. Rapid calcium depletion. 80% in females. More common after menopause.

A

Osteoporosis

83
Q

An artificial pill that give you estrogen/progesterone. Alleviates hot flashes. Increase stroke, heart attack, and breast cancer.

A

Hormone Replacement Therapy

84
Q

5 Physical changes during aging

A
  1. Wrinkling
  2. Age Spots
  3. Thinner hair/grayer
  4. yellowing of teeth
  5. Harder to see in low light
85
Q

Name Some Symptoms of Menopause

A
  • hot flashes
  • Vaginal dryness
  • painful intercourse
  • mood disturbance
  • urinary incontinance
86
Q

Treatment for Menopause

A

Hormonone Replacement Therapy

87
Q

Symptoms for Osteoporosis

A
  • Anorexia
  • bone fracture
  • loss of height
  • back pain
88
Q

Treatment for Osteoporsis

A
  • Calcium and Vitamin D
  • Steroids
  • More active lifestyle
  • less alcohol use
  • not smoking
89
Q

Factors predicting LOW health outcome in middle adulthood

A
  • Behavioral Influences (smoking/drinking)
  • Socioeconomic
  • Stress (takes off 20 years)
  • Race Ethnicity
90
Q

How does expertise contribut cognitive development in middle adulthood

A
  • death rates have fallen 25%
  • increase in solving problems effectively in a chosen vocational field
91
Q

perpetuated influence on the next generation. Have I done something useful?

A

Generativity

92
Q

Anxiety, unhappiness and critical reappraisal of one’s life. Focus on finite nature of life.

A

Mid life Crisis

93
Q

What are the 2 kinds of stres

A

Unpredictable and unctonrollable. Shrinks your telomeres

94
Q

Reviewing all of the events in your life and determining if you are accomplishing your goals

A

Mid life Review

95
Q

Take on responsibility for parents and children

A

Sandwich generation

96
Q

Normative Crisis Model

A
  • Psychosocial development in universal stages,
  • tied to a sequence of age-related crises.
97
Q

Life Events Model

A

Timing of events, rather than age, determines course of psychosocial development

98
Q

boomerang children

A
  • revolving door
  • unable to find a job
  • more likely for men
  • marrying at later ages
99
Q

Changes associated with parenting during middle adulthood x5

A
  • letting go
  • dealing with adolescence
  • sandwich
  • empty nest
  • grandparent?
100
Q

Well being of middle adulthood

A
  • feel younger than you are
  • personal progress
  • finding purpose in life
101
Q

Findings on empy nest syndrome

A
  • Parents can work harder when kids leave
  • more time alone
  • house stays cleaner
  • Quiet
  • loneliness/worry
102
Q
  • Prejudice or discrimination against a person for age
A

Ageism

103
Q
  • Gradual inevitable process of deterioration
A

Primary Aging

104
Q
  • Gradual decay resulting from bodily misuse or abuse
A

Secondary Aging

105
Q

The study of Aging

A

Gerotology

106
Q
  • concern for guiding the next generation
  • stems from optimism about humanity.
A

Generativity

107
Q

Characteristics of Primary Aging

A
  • genetic
  • normal development
108
Q

Characteristics of Secondary Aging

A
  • Environment (internal/external)
  • case by case
109
Q
  • A person’s ability to function effectively in his/her environment
A

Functional Age

110
Q
  • Program senscence
A

Genes switch on and off

111
Q

Genetic Programming theories

A
  • Program senescence
  • Endocrine
  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary (lives long enough to reproduce)
112
Q
  • The term used to describe blurred vision where what you see is cloudy or opaque
A

Cataracts

113
Q

Age Related Macular Degeneration

A

Can’t see fine details

114
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Irreversible
  • Damage to the optic nerve
  • caused by inc pressure
115
Q
  • Deterioration in cognitive functioning due to physiological causes
A

Dementia

116
Q
  • Decline in long term memory
  • irrevrsible brain disorder
  • loss of control of bodily functions
  • leading to death
A

Alzheimers

117
Q
  • Irreversible neurological disorder
  • tremors
  • stiffness
  • slowed movement
  • instability in posture
A

Parkinson’s Disease

118
Q

Intelligence across lifespan

A
  • fluid intelligence (short term memory) deteriorates
  • crystalized intelligence increases over time (vocab, verbal memory)
119
Q

Successful Ageing x4

A
  1. Disengagement Theory
  2. Activity Theory
  3. Continuity Theory
  4. Selective Optimization with Compensation (best)
120
Q

Age successful if you naturally withdraw from society. Quieting emotions (bunk)

A

Disengagement Theory

121
Q

Activity Theory

A
  • As active as possible
  • not true body says you can’t do certain things
  • Social connections (finding someone to run with)
122
Q
  • The theory of doing what you have always done.
  • Balance between past and present
  • (too simple)
A

Continutity Theory

123
Q
  • Select meaninful things while choose new activities for things you can no longer do
A

Selective Optimization with Compensation

124
Q

Factor in the Model of Personality x5

A
  1. Openness
  2. Conscientiousness
  3. Extraversion
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Neuroticism
125
Q

Erickson’s stage theory for Emerging Adulthood

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

126
Q

Erickson’s stage theory for Middle Adulthood

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation

127
Q

Erickson’s stage theory for Late Adulthood

A

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

128
Q

Retirement Stages

A
  • Reorientation- re consider new options
  • Routine-come to grips get comfortable
  • Termination- go back to work, or can no longer function independently
129
Q

Hospic Care

A

Palliative Care

130
Q
  • Reducing pain and suffering to help individual maintain dignity in death
A

Palliative Care

131
Q

Emotional Numbness

A

Bereavement Grief

132
Q
  • Withholding available treatments
    • allowing person to die
A

Passive Euthanasia

133
Q
  • Death induced deliberately as by injecting a letha dose of drug.
  • 65% believe in the choice of PAS
A

Active Euthanasia

134
Q
  • A document expressing a person’s wishes about critical care when he or she is unable to decide for him or herself
A

Advanced Directive

135
Q
  • a patient suffering from an incurable disease, effected by the taking of lethal drugs provided by a doctor for this purpose.
A

Assisted Suiced

136
Q

Complicated Grief

A
  • unresolved despair over an extended period of time
  • Example- pets, death of a child, unexpected accident
137
Q

Disenfranchised Grief

A
  • Socially ambiguous that cannot be openly mourned or supported
  • Ex- sleeper effect, abortion, something that comes up later
138
Q

How do children deal with death?

A
  • honesty is the best
  • dont understand its permanence
139
Q

How do Adolescence and Young Adults deal with death?

A
  • The WORST
  • intense emotions due to personal fable and imaginary audience
  • suicide contagion
140
Q

How does middle adults deal with death

A
  • # 2
  • half of life is gone
  • death is more noticeable
141
Q

How does late adults deal with death?

A
  • the best
  • regulate emotions
  • prepare
142
Q

What makes people less anxious about death?

A
  • have money in order- plan
  • spiritual well developed philosophy of the after life
  • complete unfinished business

Spring Semester 2014 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions