Wellness & Homeostasis

Question 1

Organization

Answer 1

Organelles make up cells, cells make tissues, tissues make organs

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

Maintain a constant internal environment

Question 3

The six necessary biological processes

Answer 3

Convert energy
Obtain food
Transport substances
Grow and repair
Eliminate wastes
Reproduce

Question 4

Thermoregulation

Answer 4

Ability to keep body temperature within a range

Question 5

Negative feedback

Answer 5

Reduces output of organ/system to normal functioning level

Question 6

Receptor

Answer 6

Sensing component which monitors external changes, communicates with CC

Question 7

Control Centre

Answer 7

Sets the range at which variable is maintained

Question 8

Effector

Answer 8

Receives signal from CC, makes changes to correct deviation

Question 9

Osmoregulation

Answer 9

Maintain body’s salt and water concentration

Question 10

The thinner you are the quicker you change temperature

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Can you die from eating too much at one time

Answer 11

False

Question 11

Six key features of organisms

Answer 11

Metabolism
Reproduction
Response to stimuli
Organization
Grow & develop
Homeostasis

Question 11

Can you die from drinking too much water

Answer 11

True

Question 12

You can survive a week without drinking water

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Alligators can go 2 years with no food

Answer 13

True

Question 14

7 step process of thermoregulation during heat exposure

Answer 14

Cause: Exposure to heat
Change: Body becomes warmer
Receptor: Skin thermoreceptors
CC: Brain
Effector: Vasodilation (blood to surface), sweat, arm hair falls down
Change: Body temp is lost
Normal: 37 C

Question 14

7 step process of thermoregulation during cold exposure

Answer 14

Cause: Exposure to cold
Change: Body becomes colder
Receptor: Skin thermoreceptors
CC: Brain
Effector: Vasoconstriction (blood to core), shiver, arm hair stands up
Change: Body temp is conserved
Normal: 37 C

Question 15

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 15

Glucose is unable to properly enter the cells. Usually, the insulin receptor has issues.

Question 16

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 16

Body produces little to no insulin, stems from pancreatic damage. Body attacks the pancreas.

Question 17

5 Ways to reduce risk of type-2 diabetes

Answer 17

-Healthy diet
-Avoid smoking & vaping
-Limit alcohol
-Vigorous frequent exercise
-Healthy weight

Question 18

Major symptoms of diabetes

Answer 18

-Frequent urination to remove excess glucose
-Thirst due to excess urination
-Slow healing sores due to blood vessels damaged by glucose
-Fatigue

Question 19

3 groups who are prone to getting diabetes

Answer 19

-People older than 10
-People with certain genetics and ancestry
-People overweight

Question 20

Treatment for type 1 diabetes

Answer 20

Insulin shots

Question 21

Treatment for type 2 diabetes

Answer 21

-Diet & exercise
-Ozempic
-Insulin shots & pills

Question 22

Contributions of Banting & Best

Answer 22

-Purified insulin from animals -Created insulin injections which were life-saving -Treated the first patient in 1922 -Canadian -Produced free insulin

Question 23

Why is type 2 diabetes on the rise?

Answer 23

-Urbanization -Western (Especially American) diets

Question 24

Long term effects of diabetes

Answer 24

-Foot problems; lack of circulation -Eye issues; glucose damages eye blood vessels -Circulatory disease -Kidney disease; damaged kidney filters

Question 25

7 step homeostatic process to neutralize glucose in body

Answer 25

Cause: Eat a meal Change: Glucose levels increase Receptor: Beta cells in pancreas CC: Brain Effector: Pancreas releases insulin Change: Glucose goes into cells & is converted in the liver NC: Glucose goes back to normal

Question 26

Dilute

Answer 26

Make thinner or less concentrated

Question 27

Explain how you would die from drinking too much water.

Answer 27

Cells are hypertonic to water, and so the water would enter into the cell during diffusion. The intake of excess water would cause the cells to swell and explode.

Question 28

Why can cold blooded animals go longer without food?

Answer 28

Cold blooded animals do not need to expend energy to maintain their body heat. As a result, they can go longer without food because they don't need a lot of energy from it.

Question 29

Why do thinner people change temperature quicker?

Answer 29

Thinner people change temperature quicker because they have a higher surface area to volume ratio. This allows them to lose/gain greater amounts of heat, and there is less volume for the temperature to have to spread through.

Question 33

Name 2 researchers who helped develop insulin

Answer 33

Frederick Banting and Charles Best

Question 34

Why did starch not go into the dialysis tube?

Answer 34

The dialysis tube is a semi-permeable membrane and the starch molecules were too big to enter.

Question 35

Which gummy bear increased in size more and why?

Answer 35

The GB in water increased in size more because it was more hypertonic to its environment, whilst its counterpart was closer to isotonic. Thus, the one in water absorbed more water and became bigger.

Question 36

Why is surface area important for cell growth?

Answer 36

SA is important for cell growth because it allows the cell to take in larger amounts of nutrients and eliminate larger amounts of wastes.