Wellness & Homeostasis Flashcards
Organization
Organelles make up cells, cells make tissues, tissues make organs
Homeostasis
Maintain a constant internal environment
The six necessary biological processes
Convert energy
Obtain food
Transport substances
Grow and repair
Eliminate wastes
Reproduce
Thermoregulation
Ability to keep body temperature within a range
Negative feedback
Reduces output of organ/system to normal functioning level
Receptor
Sensing component which monitors external changes, communicates with CC
Control Centre
Sets the range at which variable is maintained
Effector
Receives signal from CC, makes changes to correct deviation
Osmoregulation
Maintain body’s salt and water concentration
The thinner you are the quicker you change temperature
True
Can you die from eating too much at one time
False
Six key features of organisms
Metabolism
Reproduction
Response to stimuli
Organization
Grow & develop
Homeostasis
Can you die from drinking too much water
True
You can survive a week without drinking water
False
Alligators can go 2 years with no food
True
7 step process of thermoregulation during heat exposure
Cause: Exposure to heat
Change: Body becomes warmer
Receptor: Skin thermoreceptors
CC: Brain
Effector: Vasodilation (blood to surface), sweat, arm hair falls down
Change: Body temp is lost
Normal: 37 C
7 step process of thermoregulation during cold exposure
Cause: Exposure to cold
Change: Body becomes colder
Receptor: Skin thermoreceptors
CC: Brain
Effector: Vasoconstriction (blood to core), shiver, arm hair stands up
Change: Body temp is conserved
Normal: 37 C
Type 2 Diabetes
Glucose is unable to properly enter the cells. Usually, the insulin receptor has issues.
Type 1 Diabetes
Body produces little to no insulin, stems from pancreatic damage. Body attacks the pancreas.
5 Ways to reduce risk of type-2 diabetes
-Healthy diet
-Avoid smoking & vaping
-Limit alcohol
-Vigorous frequent exercise
-Healthy weight
Major symptoms of diabetes
-Frequent urination to remove excess glucose
-Thirst due to excess urination
-Slow healing sores due to blood vessels damaged by glucose
-Fatigue
3 groups who are prone to getting diabetes
-People older than 10
-People with certain genetics and ancestry
-People overweight
Treatment for type 1 diabetes
Insulin shots
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
-Diet & exercise
-Ozempic
-Insulin shots & pills
Contributions of Banting & Best
-Purified insulin from animals
-Created insulin injections which were life-saving
-Treated the first patient in 1922
-Canadian
-Produced free insulin
Why is type 2 diabetes on the rise?
-Urbanization
-Western (Especially American) diets
Long term effects of diabetes
-Foot problems; lack of circulation
-Eye issues; glucose damages eye blood vessels
-Circulatory disease
-Kidney disease; damaged kidney filters
7 step homeostatic process to neutralize glucose in body
Cause: Eat a meal
Change: Glucose levels increase
Receptor: Beta cells in pancreas
CC: Brain
Effector: Pancreas releases insulin
Change: Glucose goes into cells & is converted in the liver
NC: Glucose goes back to normal
Dilute
Make thinner or less concentrated
Explain how you would die from drinking too much water.
Cells are hypertonic to water, and so the water would enter into the cell during diffusion. The intake of excess water would cause the cells to swell and explode.
Why can cold blooded animals go longer without food?
Cold blooded animals do not need to expend energy to maintain their body heat. As a result, they can go longer without food because they don’t need a lot of energy from it.
Why do thinner people change temperature quicker?
Thinner people change temperature quicker because they have a higher surface area to volume ratio. This allows them to lose/gain greater amounts of heat, and there is less volume for the temperature to have to spread through.
Name 2 researchers who helped develop insulin
Frederick Banting and Charles Best
Why did starch not go into the dialysis tube?
The dialysis tube is a semi-permeable membrane and the starch molecules were too big to enter.
Which gummy bear increased in size more and why?
The GB in water increased in size more because it was more hypertonic to its environment, whilst its counterpart was closer to isotonic. Thus, the one in water absorbed more water and became bigger.
Why is surface area important for cell growth?
SA is important for cell growth because it allows the cell to take in larger amounts of nutrients and eliminate larger amounts of wastes.
