Welfare and breeding Flashcards
What is the definition of natural selection?
The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change
What is the definition of adaptation?
A modification to fit for existence.
What is the definition of mutation?
A change in a gene or chromosome.
What is the definition of domestication?
The process of adapting wild animals for human use.
What is the prey pathway of domestication?
Animals that were domesticated through active hunting such as cattle and sheep.
What is the commensal pathway of domestication?
The idea that animals became domesticated as they were attracted to humans. This includes cats and dogs.
What is the directed pathway of domestication?
A deliberately effort to domesticate animals for use. This includes horses.
What are 3 of the 6 main causes of extinction?
Pollution, alien species, overexploitation, destruction of habitat, climate change and islandisation.
Define predisposition
A liability or tendency to suffer from a particular condition, hold a particular attitude, or act in a particular way.
What does COI stand for?
Coefficient of inbreeding.
Give an example of an animal used for agricultural purposes.
Cows, sheep, chickens, pigs, goats.
Give an example of why animals are used in world trade.
Pet industry, exotics, parts, conservation.
List five animal parts that are traded.
Hide, bones, fur, ivory, bear bile, rhino horns, bushmeat, unique features (tails, feet), scales/scutes.
What are the three Rs?
Refinement, reduction, replacement.
What’s the difference between an animal welfare organisation and an animal rights organisation?
Welfare is the human responsibility that encompasses all aspects of animal wellbeing. Animal rights is the idea that animals should have the same rights as humans and therefore we shouldn’t be using them.
What are the 4 breeds covered in the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991?
Japanese Tosa, American pitbull, Dogo Argentino, Fila Braziliero.
Give 3 examples of welfare organisations.
RSPCA, RSPB, BHA, IFAW, dogs trust, green peace
What are the 3 stages of pregnancy?
Pre-implantation, embryongenesis, foetal growth
Give 3 signs of parturition.
Nesting, refusing food, body temp drop, abdomen contractions, vaginal discharge
What are the 3 stages of parturition?
Cervix dilation, birth, passing of placenta
Give 2 issues that can affect reproduction in female dogs
Pseudo pregnancy, acromegaly, ovarian tumours, ovarian imbalance.
Give 2 issues that can affect reproduction in male dogs
Balanitis, phimosis/paraphimosis, crytorchidism/monorchidism, orchitis, prostate issues
Give one advantage of using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTS).
Cheaper and easier (Than bringing the animals together), no need for sedation or training, reduced risk of fighting, trading of genetic material, offspring from genetically suitable animals which are otherwise incompatible, embryo screening.
Give one disadvantage of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTS).
Enormous variability in success, links to problems like foetal and chromosomal abnormalities and higher rate of spontaneous abortions, can be invasive, ethical considerations (playing god).
