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Germany > Weimar Republic - B2 > Flashcards

Weimar Republic - B2 Flashcards

1
Q

WW1

When was the planned German Spring Offensive? What disrupted this?

A

March 1918
Deliberations from Russia disrupted planning - Over 1 million men were still in Ukraine and not on the Western Front.

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2
Q

WW1

What offensive had no clear goal which meant that the initial 60km advance slowed down?

A

The Michael offensive in March 1918

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3
Q

WW1
What strikes spread to Germany? Who was blamed for this?

A

The Bolshevik strikes in Vienna in Jan 1918
Prussia

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4
Q

WW1
When did Hindenberg and Luddendorf tell the Kaiser that the war was lost? What did they suggest?

A

29th Sep 1918
A revolution from above?

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5
Q

WW1

When were there mass army desetions?

A

October 1918

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6
Q

WW1

When did Socialists under Eisner sieze power in Munich? What did Hitler refer to the Reichstag as because of this?

A

November 7 1918

“November Criminals”

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7
Q

WW1

What was the Kreuznach Programme? Who agreed to this and why?

A

It set out what H + L wanted to achieve when war ended. Called for the annexation of the Baltic regions, all of Poland, the French coal and iron fields.

Bethmann was forced to agree due to the strength of the military.

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8
Q

WW1

When was the Zimmerman telegram discovered by Britain? What did it say?

A

Jan 1917

Germany asking Mexico for support if the USA got involved?

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9
Q

WW1

What was the consequence of the plan for unrestricted submarine warfare?

A

The USA joined the war (as Bethmann predicted) when the USA Lustiania was sunk with 1198 passengers on board in 1915.

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10
Q

WW1

What was the July crisis? When?

A

July 1917

Russia experienced a democratic revolution that inspired Germany.

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11
Q

WW1

What did the Kaiser announce he would do once the war ended? Who blocked this?

A

In the July crisis, he announced that he would abolish the Prussian 3 class. Bethmann wanted to go further but Luddendorf blocked this.

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12
Q

WW1

Who resigned following the July crisis? Who replaced them?

A

Bethmann resigned. Michaelis replaced him.

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13
Q

WW1

Who was sacked during the July crisis?

A

Foreign Secretary von Kuniman by Luddendorf because he wanted an alliance with Russia.

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14
Q

WW1

When was the Siegfriede? What was it?

A

1917

The gains that Germany wanted to become a global power - supported by Pan German League. They wanted power in Africa, areas of France and the annexation of East Russia.

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15
Q

WW1

How many workers striked in 1917?

A

1.5 million workers

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16
Q

WW1

What was Erzberger’s peace resolution?

A

He called for a peace without the victory of the Kreuznach programme.

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17
Q

WW1

When was the peace resolution passed? By how many votes?

A

19th July 1917

87 votes

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18
Q

WW1

What group did Luddendorf form who opposed the peace? How many members in 1918? Why did they fail?

A

Vaterlandsparti

1 million members

Due to the breakdown of the silent dictatorship?

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19
Q

WW1

When did Luddendorf resign?

A

Oct 1918

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20
Q

WW1

When was the armistice signed?

A

Nov 1918

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21
Q

Political consequences of the war

When was the Burgfriede and what was it? When did it last until?

A

1914 - an alliane between all the parties that allowed all necesary loans to finance the war.

Lasted til the 1916 loss at Verdun

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22
Q

Political consequences of the war

When was the Silent Dictatorship formed? What was it?

A

August 1916
H+L became leader of the Supreme Command and threatened to resign until Bethmann gave in to what they wanted.

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23
Q

Political consequences of the war

When was the Auxillary Service Law passed? What was it?

A

Dec 1916

Conscription for over 16’s.

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24
Q

Economic consequences of the war

What was the KRA?

A

Created by Rathenau - created artificial nitrates to prevent a munitions crisis. It prolonged the war which made German’s unhappy.

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25
Q

Economic consequences of the war

How was the cost of the war covered?

A

Creation of war bonds and printing money - only 16% covered by taxes.

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26
Q

Economic consequences of the war

What economic state did Germany never achieve?

A

Total War - the mobalisation of the entire nation towards the war effort.

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27
Q

How many dead from the War?

A

1.8 million (16% of those conscripted)

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28
Q

When was Turnip Winter?

A

1916

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29
Q

In 1915, what % of pigs were killed to save on grain?

A

35%

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30
Q

How many civillians died from starvation during the war?

A

750,000

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31
Q

How much did infant mortality increase by?

A

Over 50%

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32
Q

When did average prices in Germany double between? How much did wages rise by during the same time?

A

1914-18
50-75%

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33
Q

By april 1917, how many workers were striking due to rationing?

A

200,000

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34
Q

When did the Spanish Flu hit Germany? How many people killed in Europe?

A

1918
Between 20 and 40 million

35
Q

When did Hasse and how many other SPD members vote against the emergency budget and leave the party?

A

March 1917
18 members

36
Q

When did the USPD form? Who were they led by?

A

April 1917
Leibnecht and Luxembourg

37
Q

Why were the USPD face with criticism?

A

Used as a scapegoat for failure (This was actually because of the US joining)

38
Q

When was the treaty of versaille?

A

June 1919

39
Q

What does T in TRAWL stand for?

A

Territory - Germany lost thr Polish Corridor and the Rhineland was demiliterised. The Saar Coalfields were given to the League of Nations for 15 years.

40
Q

What does R in TRAWL stand for?

A

Reperations - 232 million marks in gold and raw materials.

41
Q

How did the USA help with reperations?

A

The 1924 Dawes Plan and the 1929 Young Plan reduced reperations by 132 million marks.

42
Q

What does A in TRAWL stand for?

A

Army - Limited to 100,000 soldiers, 6 tanks, 0 U-Boats and 15,000 seamen.

43
Q

How did Germany get around the Army reperations?

A

1922 Treaty of Rapello and 1926 Treaty of Berlin - secret agreements with the USSR to train 900,000 soldiers in the Russian Army

44
Q

What does W in TRAWL stand for?

A

War guilt - Clause 231 stated that Germany had to accept guilt for starting the war.

45
Q

What does L in TRAWL stand for?

A

League of Nations - could not join until 1926

46
Q

When was Ebert elected to the Reichstag? When did he become leader of the SPD?

A

1912
August 1913

47
Q

When did Ebert give permission for an SPD leaflet that was disparaging about Liebnecht and Luxembourg?

A

28th Dec 1918

48
Q

When was Ebert elected as new German Chancellor?

A

Feb 1919

49
Q

When did Scheidermann proclaim a republic in Germany?

A

9th Nov 1918

50
Q

When was Luxembourg arrested for engaging in an anti war protest?

A

19th Feb 1915

51
Q

What day were Generals suggested a new governement and to sign an Armistice?

A

29th September 1918

52
Q

When did the Kaiser flee to the Belgium town of Spa to escape abdication?

A

29th Oct 1918

53
Q

When was a new gov led by Prince Max established?

A

3rd October 1918

54
Q

What did prince Max do? (4 reforms)

A
  • Wrote to President Wilson asking for a formal end to the War.
  • Abolished 3 class franchise
  • Gave the reichstag power over the military
  • Made the Chancellor accountable to the Reichstag.
55
Q

When was the Kiel Mutiny? How did it start?
On the 4th Novemeber how many sailors mutinied?

A

28th October 1918
Two ships crews refushed to attack approaching British ships.
Over 100,000

56
Q

When had workers, soldiers and sailors councils been set up in all major cities and ports?

A

18th Nov 1918

57
Q

When did Bavaria declare themselves an Independent repubic?

A

7th Novemeber 1918

58
Q

When was the General Strike in Berlin? How many sailors killed following a military revolt?

A

9th Novemebr 1918
15 killed

59
Q

When was an armistice signed for the rev from below?

A

11th Nov 1918

60
Q

When was Ebert given control? What did he do?

A

1PM on the 9th of November. Formed an Interim Gov.

61
Q

What was Ebert’s Interim Gov?

A

The Council of Peoples Commisars - SPD and USPD had 3 seats each.

62
Q

When was the Ebert-Groener Pact passed? What was it?

A

10th Nov 1918
Confirmed mutual support between the Army and the government to prevent any more attempts as rev.

63
Q

When was the Stinnes-Liegen Agreement? What was it?

A

15th November

In return for the full legal recognitions of unions and the 8h working day, unions agreed to not interfere with free trade agreements.

64
Q

When was the Sailor’s division ordered to leave it’s quarteres? Who were they mainly comprised of?

A

23rd Dec 1918
USPD

65
Q

After how many hours of fighting did the Sailor’s division agree to leave? What did this cause within the USPD?

A

24th december
2 hours
USPD split into spartikists and SPD

66
Q

When was Kurt Eisner’s Bavarian uprising? What happened?

A

7th Nov 1918 - Eisner successfully organised an overthrow of the Bavarian governement and declared Bavaria a socialist republic. He was introducing reforms when he was shot on 21st Feb 1919 by Anton Grat Arco

67
Q

When did the KPD start an uprising in Berlin?

A

Jan 5 1919

68
Q

When did the Freikorps storm Berlin? Who led them?

A

Jan 10 1919
General von Luttwitz

69
Q

By when had most of the spartikist revolt been crushed? Where did Ebert withdraw the Gov to to allow the Freikorps to secure Berlin?

A

Jan 15 1919
Weimar

70
Q

When did the KPD attempt to organise worker strikes? What was the result of this?

A

Feb 1919
The Freikorps were called into Halle and by the end, over 1000 people were dead.

71
Q

What election did Ebert think he would gain a majority on? Hhow much did he get?

A

19th Jan 1919
38% of the Vote

72
Q

During the 14 years of the Weimar republic, how many seperate coalitions were there?

A

20

73
Q

In the new constitution, what was the role of the President?

A

Elected every 7 years. Had power to select Chancellor and disolve Reichstag. Held Military power.

74
Q

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Reichstag?

A

Men and women over 20 could vote. Proportional representation used. Elections every 4 years.

75
Q

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Electorate?

A

Divided into constituencies. Every 60,000 votes was 1 seat. If a party gained 30,000 votes across the entire country they got 1 seat.

76
Q

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Chancellor and Gov?

A

Proposed new laws. The cancellor was from the party with the most votes.

77
Q

In the new constitution, what was the role of the Reichsrat?

A

17 states represented by 67 members - could be overpowered by the Reichstag.

78
Q

In the new constitution, what was the role of Article 48?

A

Gave the president emergency powers to rule using Martial Law without the permission of the Reichstag.

79
Q

What was in the Bill of Rights?

A

Unemployment benefits, sick pay, freedom of speech, religion, trade unions.

80
Q

What article of the constitution allowed the Judiciary to remain independent?

A

Article 54

81
Q

What was the Law for Protection of the Republic? When was it? Where was it ignored?

A

Shifted power against the extremist parties in the wake of Rathenaus murder.

July 1922

Bavaria

82
Q

In October 1922, who was given 11 years for violationg press laws? In comparison, how many years was Hitler given with what charge following the 1923 Munich Putsch?

A

Fechenbach

5 years and charged with High Treason (typically punishable by death)

83
Q

When was the first time the army supported Weimar?

A

1920 Kapp Putsch - still failed and the Freikorps had to be used.

84
Q

What was a failure of the Army regarding the Munich Putsch?

A

Nov 9th 1923 - General Von Seekt didn’t wish to stop the far right rioters, so the Bavarian police had to step in instead.

Germany (7 decks)

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