Nazi Germany - B3 Flashcards
What were 3 limitations to the Nazi’s prior to 1933?
- Hitler was chancellor of a cross party cabinet that only contained 3 Nazis
- In Berlin in 1932 election, Nazis polled just 22.5% of the vote
- The ‘March Converts’ who joined the party from Jan-March 1933 were less radical and diluted the party
What was an example of the Nazis failing to solve the dualism between party and state?
1934 - Frick (Minister of the Interior) tried to control Reich ministers using the Law for Reconstruction of the Reich. This did not work as many were appointed by Hitler and therefore refused to submit to Frick
When/what was the Reichstag Fire?
Feb 27 1933
Dutch Communist, van der Lubbe, was blamed. Hitler used it to invoke use of Article 48
What Decree did Frick draw up following the Reichstag fire that allowed civil liberties to be suspended?
Decree for Protection of the People and the State - Hindenberg signed 28th Feb
Which election was dominated by violence and terror?
5th March 1933 - Nazis got 288 seats and 43.9% of the vote.
What is Gleischaltung?
The gradual assimilation of all aspects of the state into the Nazi party
When was the Law for the Restoration of the Civil service and what did it do?
7th April 1933
Banned Jews from the civil service (only resulted in 5% of people being removed)
When was the May Day holiday and what did it do?
May 1 1933 - Became international labour day, but Nazis used it as a distraction to sieze Trade Union Offices on the 2nd of May. All workers coordinated under DAF
What proportion of the vote did Hitler need to ammend the constitution?
2/3 majority
When was Potsdam day and what happened?
21/03/33
Hitler bowed infront of Hindenberg and gave a moderate speach discussing traditional German values which gained the support of Junkers.
What law was passed on the Same day as Potsdam?
The Malicious Practices Act which banned criticism of the Nazis
What was the Enabling Act?
Passed 23/03/33 - Presented to the Reichstag at the Kroll Opera House following them being intimidated. Hitler appealed to the Z party for votes. Passed 444-94 votes and meant that laws were published next day in the newspaper Voelkischer.
When was Kopenick Blood Week? What happened?
21-26th June 1933
500 SPD members were tortured by the SS, SA and Gestapo
When was the SPD disolved?
June 22nd - key members went to prague
How were the Z party disolved?
Weakened by the Concordat (July 1933) in which Hitler promised to respect the Church if they had no Political involvement. 5th July - Z party disolve
What position was Goring appointed to that allowed him to coordinate local and national governments?
Commisioner for Prussian Ministry of the Interior - had control over Prussian police and Civil service - legally appointed an extra 50,000 police from the SA.
What did Article 2 of the Reichstag Fire Act allow?
Nazis could contol any state who could not enforce law and order - Replaced the governments of 8 states.
When was the Law for the reconstruction of the Reich passed and what did it do?
30 Jan 1934 - ended all Lander and abolished Reichsrat.
How many members had socialist Trade Unions had?
4 million
Who led the DAF and how many members?
Robert Ley
22 Million
By 1933, how many SS members? What were they?
52,000 - representatives of blind obediance and total Nazi commitment.
How many SS by 1939?
250,000
What was the European New Order?
Established by the SS, had 150 firms that exploited slave labour to extract raw materials.
When was Dachau opened? How many communists within the first 3 months?
March 1933
30,000 communists
When was the Law against the Formation of New Parties?
July 14 1933