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Germany > Bismark - B1 - The Second Reich > Flashcards

Bismark - B1 - The Second Reich Flashcards

1
Q

In what year did Bismarck unite Germany?

A

1871

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2
Q

Who were the National Liberals?

A

Party of the protestant middle class. Their main aim was to build a strong German state. Supported Bismarck until 1878. Did well in the Rhineland.

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3
Q

Who were the Centre party?

A

The Catholic party and the party for smaller national groups frustrated with unification.

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4
Q

Who were the SAPD?

A

Socialist Party

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5
Q

Who were the DKP/German Conservative Party?

A

Mainly junkers who disliked unification. Supported Bismarck after 1878.

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6
Q

Who were the free conservatives?

A

Landowners and industrialists. Supported Bismarck throughout.

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7
Q

Who were The Progressives?

A

Liberal party who wnated a liberal, constitutional state.

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8
Q

What was the role of the Kaiser?

A

Controlled foreign affairs and the army. Could disove the Reichstag. Coukd interpret the constitution.

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9
Q

What was the role of the Reichstag?

A

Elected by male suffrage. Could agree/reject laws proposed. Controlled budget. Elected every 5 years.

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10
Q

What was the German electorate?

A

Men over 25. They had a written constitution but no statement of individual rights.

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11
Q

What was the Bundesrat?

A

58 members nominated by the Laender. 17 were from Prussia, smaller states had 1 each. Could veto the reichstag with 14 votes.

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12
Q

How many royal rulers were given powers under the Kaiser? What else happened to them?

A

22
Could not pass down heriditary titles

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13
Q

What legal power did the Kaiser have?

A

He could proclaim imperial laws that superceded state laws.

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14
Q

What was the Prussian 3 class franchise?

A

All prussian votes were weighted 3x more than ordinary votes due to tax laws.

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15
Q

When was the German mark created?

A

1871

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16
Q

When was the German flag created?

A

1891

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17
Q

What states was the Army comprised of? What happened during times of war?

A

Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Wuttemberg. During war times they owed their allegience to the Kaiser, instead of their individual states.

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18
Q

What systems were united?

A

Legal and civil service

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19
Q

Why did Bismarck introduce the Reichstag?

A

He believed that allowing German’s to vote would minimise liberal influences.

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20
Q

What was a consequence of Reichstag members not being paid?

A

The less privilaged classes who would disagree with Bismarck couldn’t afford to run.

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21
Q

What could the Reichstag not do?

A

Initiate legislation

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22
Q

Who was not accountable to the reichstag?

A

The Kaiser, Chancellor or Military Chief - The Kaiser could disolve them at any time.

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23
Q

When did Bismarck consider changing the constitution to limit Reichstag power?

A

1880s

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24
Q

What was a benefit of being in the Reichstag?

A

Members had parliamentary immunity

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25
Q

How long was conscription? What did this allow for?

A

2-3 years. Prussian values to be instilled.

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26
Q

When did Bismarck and the NL agree that the budget would remain fixed until 1872? When was this extended to and why?

A

1867
Extended to 1874 because of Franco-Prussian war

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27
Q

When did Bismarck grant a law that automatically financed the army via federal expenditure if they were over a certain number? How high was this number?

A

1874
400,000

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28
Q

How much of state expenditure was spent on the Army?

A

80%

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29
Q

How did Bismarck pass the 400,000 soldiers fixed expenditure law?

A

Threatned the national liberals with new elections - they then agreed to fix budgets every 7 years.

30
Q

What percentage of the vote did National Groups win in the 1874 election?

A

10%

31
Q

When was the SAPD formed? How much of the German population voted SAPD during the 1870s?

A

1875
Approx. 7%

32
Q

In 1871, how much of the vote did the NL get? Who came second?

A

30.1%
Centre party with 18.6%

33
Q

What were successes of the National Liberals with Bismarck?

A

Introduced the legal system, standardised weights and measures and created the Reichsmark.

34
Q

Why did Bismarck work with the National Liberals?

A

Because they promoted free trade and unification.

35
Q

What economic events caused a demand for tarriffs?

A

1873 economic crash

36
Q

When did Bismarck’s pro tarrif message cause a rise in conservative vote? How much did NL vote fall to?

A

1878
23.1%

37
Q

When did the National liberals split? Into what factions? Why?

A

August 1880
National Liberals and Liberal Union
Because of increased tarriffs in 1879.

38
Q

How did the Liberal Union affect Bismarck?

A

In the 1881 election, the LU and the Progressives won a collective 21.1%. This allowed them to merge and form the German Free Minded Party in 1884.

39
Q

What was a negative consequence of the NL split?

A

Meant that it was impossible for them to gain a majority.

40
Q

What were two papal declarations that contributed to the Kulturkampf?

A
  • 1864: Syllabus of Errors
  • 1870: Dogma of Papal Infallibility
41
Q

What role had Catholics played in the old German constitution (1815)?

A

Had the Majority, however with the exclusion of Austria in 1866, they became the Minority.

42
Q

What did Bismarck label Catholics as?

A

The ‘Reisfeinde’ - enemy of the empire

43
Q

What did the Z party support which Bismarck opposed?

A

Polish language teaching

44
Q

When were the Prussian May Laws and what did they do?

A

1873 - established state control of the appointment of priests

45
Q

When was the Jesuit order banned?

A

Dec 1872

46
Q

What was the ‘Bread Basket Law’?

A

Withdrew financial support of the church by the state.

47
Q

By 1879, how many priests had been jailed or exiled?

A

1800 jailed and exiled

48
Q

How much worth of Church property had the state siezed?

A

16 Million RM

49
Q

How much did the Z party vote increase by in the 1874 election?

A

It doubled

50
Q

During the Kulturkampf, how much did Centre Party vote increase to?

A

From 18.6% in 1871 to 27.9% in 1874

51
Q

What year did the Z party becone the biggest party in the Reichstag?

A

1878

52
Q

What percent more likely were protestant males to get into University than Catholics?

A

50%

53
Q

By what year did Bismarck no longer find the Kulturkampf helpful? Why?

A

By 1879
Bismarck began to see the Z party as allies after the NL split failure.

54
Q

When did Pius IX die and who replaced him? What was the consequence of this?

A

1878
Leo XIII
Leo was more progressive.

55
Q

What was the Junker perception of Catholics?

A

Viewed religion as an important defence against liberalism.

56
Q

What national day was an attempt to celebrate unification? What was the southern reaction to this?

A

Sedantag (Celebrated the Battle of Sedantag in 1870).

Faced opposition from the south.

57
Q

What national identity did the Government try to foster?

A

Reichsdeutsch Identity (being a good German).

58
Q

When did Bismarck expell Poles and Jews from Germany? How many?

A

1885
30,000

59
Q

When was the decree passed that emphasised the Kaiser’s role in schools? What was this called?

A

1889 - Royal Decree on Reformed School Instruction as a Means to Combat Social Democracy

60
Q

When did Bismarck blame 2 assaination attempts on the Kaiser on the Socialists?

A

1878

61
Q

Why did Bismarck have to disolve the reichstag to limit socialism? What was the outcome of this?

A

They would not pass his anti socialist laws.
Reduced SAPD votes (493,000 to 312,000)

62
Q

What Law prohibited socialist meetings and exiled socialist politicians?

A

The Law for Combatting the Criminal Aims of Social Democracy

63
Q

Between 1878 and 1890, how many socialists were imprisoned?

A

1500

64
Q

When were the SAPD banned? When did they come back as the SPD with how many members and seats?

A

1878
1890
1 million votes and 35 seats

65
Q

What caused the War in Sight crisis?

A

By 1875 France had recovered from its german defeat in 1871. Bismarck was concerned at their new royalist government and catholic support.

66
Q

Which French law were the German military concerned about? What did it do?

A

French Army Organisational Law (1873)
Increased French Infantry Battalions from 3-4.

67
Q

Which German Military Leader suggested a preventative war against France?

A

Von Moltke

68
Q

When did which Newspaper publish an article which claimed there was a Franco-Austrian conspiracy against Germany?

A

5th April 1875
Koelnische Zeitung

69
Q

When did the Berliner post publish an article that asked ‘Is war in Sight?’?

A

9th April1875

70
Q

Which monarch visited the Kaiser following the War in Sight Crisis and forced Bismarck to calm down?

A

Tsar Alexander II (supported by Queen Vic)

71
Q

What agreement had been signed in 1873 but was weakened by the War in Sight Crisis?

A

The Three Emperors League (Germany, Austria and Russia)

Germany (7 decks)

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