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Germany > Economic > Flashcards

Economic Flashcards

1
Q

Bismarck economic change

When was the economic depression? What caused it?

A

1873-1890
Overinvestment and corruption combined with a slowing economy.

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2
Q

Bismarck economic change

What happened as a result of the second industrial revolution?

A

Electrical output increased by 18% every year between 1890-1913

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3
Q

Bismarck economic change

Which German electrical company was formed in 1883?

A

Deutsche Edison Gesellschaft - AEG

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4
Q

Bismarck economic change

What chancellor had multiple international treaties? When? Which countries? What impact did this have?

A

Caprivi
1890-94
Italy, Russia, Belgium and Switzerland
Guarentted a market for German goods for 12 years.

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5
Q

Bismarck economic change

Between 1872 and 1914 how much did German imports increase by? What did this mean?

A

£365 million
Biggest industial nation in Europe by 1900

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6
Q

WW2 economic change

Who was director of AEG? What did he establish in 1914 and what did it do?

A

Walter Rathenau
War Raw Materials Department in 1914 which reorganised industry to ensure the war was covered

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7
Q

WW2 economic change

When was The Central Purchasing Company created? What did it do?

A

1916
Organised imports from neutral companies to maintain trade during the war.

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8
Q

Weimar economic change

How much war debt did the Weimar government inherit?

A

140,000 million marks

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9
Q

Weimar economic change

What slowed economic progress in Weimar? What aided economic progress?

A

The French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr from 1923-1925 slowed economic production

The 1924 Dawes Plan

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10
Q

Weimar economic change

How much was $1 dollar in DM? How much for a loaf of bread?

A

4.2 trillion DM
DM 9 Million

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11
Q

Weimar economic change

When was a new currency introduced? Under the direction of who?

A

1924 - Rentenmark
Chancellor Stresemann (and Schacht)

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12
Q

Weimar economic change

When did production reach pre-WW1 levels?

A

By 1927

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13
Q

Nazi change

By when had unemployment halved? How?

A

1934
Nazi investment in Public Works Schemes, self-sufficiency and rearment.

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14
Q

Nazi Change

Which Nazi plan focussed on industry? What effect did it have?

A

1936 Four Year Plan

By 1938, 44% of government expenditure focussed on rearment.

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15
Q

Nazi Change

What did chaos of the party cause for industry? Who fixed this?

A

Hampered production of key raw materials
Albert Speer - reorganised the Central Planning Board from 1942

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16
Q

West Germany

Under which economic minister did the German economy begin to recover from the war? What also helped this?

A

Erhard

1948 Marshall Plan from the US

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17
Q

West Germany

How much did West German GNP increase by during the 1950s? Why?

A

Trippled

Economy adapted from traditional industry to tertiary and quaternary sectors.

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18
Q

West Germany

Which industries were favoured during the 1980s?

A

Consulting, advertising and research.

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19
Q

Unemployment 1930-32

In June 1931, how much money was withdrawn from Germany and how many major banks collapsed because of this?

A

RM1000 Million
3 banks

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20
Q

Unemployment 1930-32

How many unemployed by Dec 1930? How many by Jan 1932?

A

2.1 million
6 million

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21
Q

Unemployment 1930-32

How did unemployment lead to a rise in extremism?

A

The opportunity to fight for a cause gave unemployed men a purpose. By 1932 the SA had grown from 100,000 to 400,000 and the Reichsbanner had 1 million men.

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22
Q

Unemployment 1930-32

How many votes did Nazis gain during the 1930 election?

A

6.4 million votes

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23
Q

Economic Miracle

How much money did West Germany recieve in Marshall Plan aid?

A

$99 million used to develop the coal, railway, electrical and steel industries

24
Q

Economic Miracle

How much did West Germany’s GDP grow by in how many years?

A

12% in 5 years

25
Q

Economic miracle

When was co-determinism introduced and how did it help?

A

1951
Businesses with over 1000 employees in the iron and steel industry were allowed representatives of the workforce to have a say in how the business ran.

26
Q

Economic miracle

How many refugees from the East who were young and willing to work?

A

3.6 million

27
Q

Bismarck changes in Agriculture

How did WW1 damage the farming sector?

A

Lack of men and horses

28
Q

Bismarck changes in Agriculture

When was Turnip Winter?

A

1916-1917

29
Q

Weimar Agriculture

By 1931, how much had wheat prices dropped by?

A

1/3 of previous 1920s prices

30
Q

Weimar Agriculture

How much higher were Weimar taxes on agriculture than those of the Kaiserreich?

A

4x higher

31
Q

Weimar Agriculture

From 1928-32, how much did agricultural income drop by? How much below average was a farmer’s income?

A

40%
44%

32
Q

Nazi Agriculture

From 1933-38, how many people left rural areasto look for work in the cities?

A

1 million people

33
Q

Nazi Agriculture

When did Nazis give greater subsidies to farmers? Why did these decline?

A

1938

The war

34
Q

Nazi Agriculture

What government agency said that 8 million acres of additional farmland was needed to require self-sufficiency in 1933?

A

Reich Food Corperation.

35
Q

West German Agriculture

When was the Agriculture Act introduced? What did it do?

A

1955
Increased protective tarriffs on agriculture

36
Q

West German Agriculture

How much did agricultural employment decline by from 1950-70?

A

1.6 million

37
Q

West Germany Agriculture

By 1989 how much did the agricultural sector contribute to GDP?

A

1.6%

38
Q

Protection 1879

Why did protectionism need to be introduced in Germany?

A

In 1873, The German Economy collapsed and over 150 companies went bankrupt - happened due to Germany being a new country.

39
Q

Protection 1879

What pressure group was formed in 1876 that wanted economic reform? Who opposed them?

A

The Central Association of German Industrialists

National Liberala (Bismarck’s relationship with them contributed to their split)

40
Q

Protection 1879

When did the Reichstag pass the Protective Tariff Law? Who supported it?

A

1879 - tarrifs on agriculture were the heaviest
The 2 Conservative Parties and the Centre Party

41
Q

Navy

Why did the Kaiser want a large navy?

A

To try and assert dominance in Africa

42
Q

Navy

Who did the Kaiser appoint as secretary of state for the navy in 1897?

A

Tirpitz

43
Q

Navy

What did Tirpitz’s bill introduced in 1898 do?

A

Created 17 ships in 7 years - passes 212 votes to 139

44
Q

Navy

By when had Germany doubled its navy? What happened as a result?

A

1914 - second largest after Britain
Britain signed the Entente Cordiale with France in 1904 which furthered Anglo-French realtions.

45
Q

Nazi Policies

Who introduced Mefo bills and what were they?

A

Schacht
Bills that could only be spent within Germany and allowed the government to enter contracts with companies to finance rearmment, but they could pay in 4 years time.

46
Q

Nazi Policies

How many Mefo bills issues to Germany industry? How much of arms expenditure did they fianance from 1934-36?

A

RM12,000 million worth
50%

47
Q

Nazi Policies

When did Schacht introduce the New Plan and what did it do?

A

1934
Regulated industry by signing agreements with southern europe and latin america - Imports were paid with RM but those RM had to be used to invest in German industry.

48
Q

Nazi Policies

When was the Four Year Plan introduced? What did it do?

A

1936
Invested heavily in ersatz (substitute materials) to persue Hitler’s dream of autarky (self-sufficiency)
Increased prduction of fuels by 130% but this only equated to 18% of demand.

49
Q

Marshall Aid

When was Marshall Aid announced and by who?

A

5th June 1947 - George Marhsall

50
Q

Marshall Aid

When was the Truman doctrine and how did it further US/FDG relations?

A

12th June 1947 - The USA would provide military and economic aid to protect the ‘free peoples’ from communism.

51
Q

Marshall Aid

How much aid did Germany recieve during the 1940s and 50s? How did they spend it?

A

$2.7 billion
Adenauer and Erhard invested it in industry

52
Q

Marshall Aid
How much of West German Imports did the Marshall plan pay for?

A

37%

53
Q

EEC and CAP

When did the European Coal and Steel Community (ESCS) form and what did it do?

A

April 1951
Combined heavy industrial sectors of 6 European economies to pool resources between countries and prevent potential war.

54
Q

EEC and CAP

When was the European Economic Community (EEC) formed and what did it do?

A

25th March 1955
Created a common market between the 6 nations and abolished tarriffs between member states.

55
Q

EEC and CAP

By 1981, what % of German exports went to EEC members and what % of imports came from EEC members?

A

45% of exports
47% of imports

56
Q

EEC and CAP

When did the EEC introduce Common Agricultural Policy? What did it do? What was its impact?

A

1962
Tried to reduce agricultural competition between nations to improve stability of member states.

EEC food prices during the 1970s could be 2-5x higher than other European nations and CAP ammounted to the 50% of the total EEC budget!

Germany (7 decks)

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