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Weimar Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

Date of ceasefire WW1

A

November 11th 1918

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2
Q

Strengths of Weimar Republic

A

Checks and balances, Reichstag and Reichsrat
President acts as a balance

Democratic Pr everyone over 20 could vote

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3
Q

Weaknesses of the Weimar Republic

A

Proportional representation therefore weak coalitions 28 parties represented in the 1920’s
Allows fringe extreme party’s representation
Article 48 too much power to one individual

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4
Q

Terms of Versailles

A

Blame
Reparations
Army
Territory

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5
Q

Blame in Versailles

A

Article 231 blame for starting war and turning it into a dirty war

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6
Q

Reparations

A

Signed a blank chequer in 1919 set in 1921 at 6.6bn

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7
Q

Army in treaty of Versailles

A

Reduced to 100,000 no airforce only 6 battleships 6 cruisers no subs

Rhine land demiliterised

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8
Q

Territory losses from Treaty of Versailles

A 
13% lost 50% of iron 15% of coal 11 colonies become mandates
Posen and west Prussia (polish corridor)
Alsace and Lorraine
Ripen and malady
Loss of economic benefits of the Saar
Danzig
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9
Q

Why were German people unhappy

A

Expectation that Versailles would be based on the 14 points of Wilson
No self determination
No mention of reparations in the 14 points
Diktat

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10
Q

Stab in the back legend

A

German people believed that they had been stabbed in the back by the politicians who signed the treaty of Versailles and surrendered due to a belief that the war was not lost

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11
Q

November criminals

A

Mathias erzberger and those who surrendered including Rathanau

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12
Q

Spartacist Revolution

A

Jan 1919 Led by Karl Liebknexhr and Rosa Luxembourg
Weimar to weak to win so called on the Friecorps
Leaders killed without trial 15th January
Weimar discredited by use of Friecorps

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13
Q

Kapp Putsch

A

March 1920 every attempted to ban the Friecorps they tried to overthrow him by reprisal
Government was helpless trade unions organised an general strike in resistance
400 Political murders including Rathanau who had just negotiated rapallo

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14
Q

Bankruptcy in 1923

A

Spent gold in war
1919 loss of teritory
1921 reparations
this caused them to default on their debts in 1923

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15
Q

Occupation of the Ruhr

A

1923 payment missed so French occupy the Ruhr and convos ate goods and machinery
Led to Passive resistance 130 killed, debt unemployment
Led to Hyperinflation

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16
Q

Hyperinflation

A

Due to occupation of the Ruhr
Government prints money to pay striking workers
32 factories working around the clock
1922 loaf of bread cost 200 marks, 1923 cost 100 thousand million marks
Savings become worthless

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17
Q

How was hyperinflation tackled

A

Streseman sept 23rd rentenmark, tied to land rather than gold

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18
Q

International policy achievements

A

Lorcano
Kellogg Briand League of Nations permanent seat on the council
More respect for Germany moves back onto the international stage on a level playing field

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19
Q

Rentenmark

A

Restored confidence
Tied to German land prices
Replaced by Reichmark August 1924
Trusted 4,900 million in the reichbank by 1926

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20
Q

Dawes plan

A

April 1924
Annual payments reduced
8,000 million mark investment in German industry

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21
Q

Young plan

A

Agreed 1929 August

Reparations reduced from 6.6 to 2 billion

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22
Q

Lorcano

A

Western borders agreed and garunteed by britain and Italy

Eastern borders agreed but not garunteed

23
Q

Kellogg Briande

A

Kellog briande peaceful resolutions

24
Q

League of Nations and Streesman

A

League of Nations permanent member and won temporary seat on council

25
Q

Weakness of Weimar 1929

A

Reliant on US loans

26
Q

Origins of the Nazi Party

A

DAP Anton Drexler
Started numbers at 500
Drexler and Hitler work together to form 25 point program Drexler then forced out

27
Q

Cause of the Munich Putsch

A

Hyperinflation which leads to an opportunity

28
Q

Munich Putsch details

A

8th November 1923 takes over beer house with 3 Bavarian ministers claims he wants to take over the government
They escape
Hitler Rohm and Ludendorff March with 2000 supporters 16 Nazis killed

29
Q

Hitlers imprisonment

A

Gains attention of Hugenbeeg in trial

Sentenced to 5 years let out after 11 months

Writes Mein Kampf master race and lebensraum
Changes to the political party

30
Q

Changes to the Nazi Party

A

Proper party with representatives outside of Bavaria
Sections for women children and teachers
Goebles as head of propaganda
1926 formation of the SS
Hugenbeeg finance 53 papers and largest cinema in Germany
But looses seats 32 to 12 1924 to 28

31
Q

Impact of Great Depression on people

A

24th October 1929 Wall Street crash
6 million unemployed
Industrial output falls 48%
1931 5 major banks collapse

32
Q

Effect of great depression on Weimar

A 
Instability 
Sense government has betrayed them brining cutting war pensions
Social democrats in opposition
German people take extreme measures 
1928 12 seats
1932 230 seats
Authoritarian democracy
33
Q

Goebles and propoganda

A

Reich radio chamber 1929
Hugenbergs power largest cinema chain 120 newspapers
Torch lit rallies
Posters leaflets
Presidential campaign. 5 cities per day with private plane

34
Q

Election results

A

Presidential election lost 17 million to 11 million to Hindenburg
1928 12 seats
1932 230 seats slight drop to 196 after Schleicher was fired by Hindenberg

35
Q

Bruning

A

Authoritarian democracy under article 48

Unpopular due to taxation and cuts coalition collapsed

36
Q

Von Papen

A

June to Nov 1932 Cabinet of Barons helped by Schleicher tried to tempt the Nazis into support without success
Couldn’t hold a majority so dismissed

37
Q

Von Schliecher

A

Dec 1932 to Jan 1933

Lost Hindenbergs support in part due to Papens manipulation Hindenberg wouldn’t allow him to rule by 48

Hindenberg has meetings with Papen and businessmen leading to the appointment of Hitler 30th June 1933 with 3 other Nazis Papen thought he could control Hitler

38
Q

Reichstag fire

A

Hitler called an election to win a majority

27th Feb 1933 Reichstag fire found Marinus van der lubbe
4000 members of the KpD arrested
Decree for the Protection of People and State suspended civil rights
Election win17.3 million votes

39
Q

Enabling act

A

March 1933 gave hurler power to bypass Reichstag for 4 yeas 441 votes to 83

Reichstag surrounded by SA members
Became dictator of Germany

40
Q

Other legal consolidation

A

May 1933 banning of trade unions replaced with Nazi labour front
Law against the formation of parties July 1933

41
Q

Use of terror to consolidate and hold power

A

Dachau concentration camps
SA violence, 3 million members
SS 50000 by 1934
Gear app 1933 160,000 arrested by 1939

42
Q

Night of long knives

A

30th June 1934
Needed support of the army who feared the SA
Sa were socialist against where hurler wanted to go
400 murders Schleicher Rohm George Strasser
Following death of Hindenberg 2nd August the army swore alliance to hitler

43
Q

Control of the population Religion

A

Catholic schools and youth organisations
July 1933 papal concordat
Abolish ion of monasteries and youth mivements
Sept 1933 reich church set up under Ludwig Muller as
1935 Ministry of church affairs

44
Q

Control of the population propoganda

A

Radio speeches rallies posters leaflets Goebles
Hugenbeeg largest cinema and 120 newspapers
Films 1940 the eternal Jew
1933 May 25000 books burnt
1934 neuer berg Rally of Will
Berlin Olympiad 110,000 seats
Reich chamber of culture people’s reciever only 26 marks

45
Q

Control of the population

Workers

A

May 1933 trade unions banned replaced with the DAF
RAD national service compulsory for all men 16-25 to serve
Reduced unemployment to 0.5 million infrastructure such as the autobahns
KDF strength through joy July 1934 control of leisure
Pro farming techniques

46
Q

Control of the population women

A

Kinder kurche kirche
Professionals forced from jobs
German woman’s enterprise classes in motherhood
1933 law for the encouragement of mariage 1000 mark loans 250 less paid back per child
Mothers cross

47
Q

Control of the population

Youth

A

Hitler youth 2.3 million members
BDM German league of maidens 1.5 million members
Teachers had to swear loyalty 97% members of Nazi party
The poisonous mushroom natural selection
Mein Kampf compulsory
10 Adolfo Hitler School for boys

48
Q

Control of the population

Racial policy

A

Eliminate Jews and genetically impaired
Protection of the ubermenschenw
April 1933 law for the restoration of the civil service, Jews banned
1933 compulsory sterilisation
Neueremberg laws
20th Jan 1942 wan see conference and the final solution

49
Q

Neueremberg laws

A

Reich citizens act only sry and were German citizens

Law for the protection of German blood Jews couldn’t marry Germans

50
Q

Kristallnacht

A 
8-9 Nov 1938 response to assassination of Ernst von Rath 
100 killed 
1000 synagogue burnt
25,000 sent to camps
Jews forces to pay
51
Q

Impact of WW 2

A 
Impact of WW 2
Rationing 1939 clothes rationed no winter coats or shoes
300g meat ration
Toilet paper 1940 ersatz food
Total war cinemas theatres closed
Tripled arms production
52
Q

Impact of WW 2 bombing

A

Impact of WW 2 bombing
800,000 German deaths
Dresden 35,000 firebombing operation thunderclap
May 1942 1000 bomber raid on cologne 1,455 tonnes of explosives
Hanburg 1943 50,000 in a week 24th July inferno whipped up 150 kmph winds

53
Q

Impact of the war

Minorities

A

Poland 3 million more Jews
Ghettos 30% of Warsaw crushed into 3% of the city
SS death squads kill 1.5 million
Final solution wander conference Jan 1942 final solution

54
Q

Impact of the war opposition

A

White rose group Sophie scholl leaflet campaign caught 1943
Edelweiss pirates
Youth organisation 13 hanged
Martin Neimoller passed Intel into allies hanged 1945
Stauffenberg bomb plot 20th July 1944 5000 arrested 14 generals and 27 colonels executed

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