Habsburg Valois wars

Question 1

Situation in 1520

Answer 1

Treaty of Noyon (1516) ends fighting temporarily with Francis giving up claim to Milan and agreeing to hand over Naples in a marriage deal
Animosity over Charles’s winning of the Holy Roman Empire

Question 2

Contrast between the HRE and Habsburg lands vs France

Answer 2

France is centralised and has an effective system of taxation, it is able to take all of its troops from one area
Charles’s territiories were only united by him, they were spread accross the whole of Europe and he had to deal with the threat of the Ottomans

Question 3

HRE economic situation

Answer 3

economic burden, relied on exploitation of other areas such as the Netherlands and Castille “like squeezing juice from a stone”

Question 4

Why did the war last so long?

Answer 4

Improvements in fortifications
Expense
Personal animus

Question 5

Improvements in fortifications

Answer 5

Defensive advantage, balistic shaping with walls between 2 and 12m thick
Angled bastions provided flanking fire
Trace Italiene fortifications led to static warfare

Question 6

Expense

Answer 6

Neither monarch but especially not charles could afford to sustain war for long periods of time therefore temporary truces made economic sense.
Fortification of Antewerp cost £500,000 Successes also rarely followed up due to expense e.g. Pavia

Question 7

Personal animus

Answer 7

Election in 1519
Charles wanted to be the key ruler in Europe
Sense of honour - duel and the unholy alliance
Henry spent years imprisoned by the habsuburgs

Question 8

1519

Answer 8

Charles becomes Holy Roman emporer

Question 9

1521

Answer 9

French attack on Navarre fails as the french attempt to take advantage of the Revolt of the Communeros

Question 10

1521 (2)

Answer 10

War resumes in Italy, imperial forces seize Tournai and Milan

Question 11

1523

Answer 11

Anglo Habsburg attack on France fails

Question 12

1524

Answer 12

Francis reinvades and takes Milan, the new Pope clement VII wins over Venice ad Florence to the Valois cause

Question 13

1525

Answer 13

Francis captured at the battle of Pavia but charles doesn’t capitolise on gains

Question 14

1526

Answer 14

Treaty of Madrid settles claims in Netherlands, Burgundy and Italy two sons kept hostage but Francis renages on the deal

Question 15

1526 (2)

Answer 15

Francis forms the league of cognac with the Pope, Florence and Venice

Question 16

1527

Answer 16

Imperial troops sack Rome

Question 17

1528

Answer 17

French retake Milan and beseige Naples

Question 18

1529

Answer 18

Charles defeats the French at the battle of Landrino leading to the Peace of Cambrai, Habsburg ascendancy in Italy is recognised but Charles sedes his claim to Burgundian lands

Question 19

1536-38

Answer 19

Habsburgs attempt to seize the whole of the duchy of Milan provoking a French attack, they fail to take Milan

Question 20

1538

Answer 20

State of deadlock leads to the Peace of Nice

Question 21

1542

Answer 21

Francis starts war again

Question 22

1544

Answer 22

Anglo Habsburg attack on France nearly reaches Paris but the english focus on Boulonge leading tothe Peace of Crepy between Charles and France

Question 23

March 1547

Answer 23

Death of Francis who is succeded by Henry II who allies with the Protestants and takes Metz, Toul and Verdun

Question 24

1552-54

Answer 24

Charles fails to retake Metz

Question 25

1555

Answer 25

Charles abdicates

Question 26

Success or Failure

Answer 26

Consolidates Navarre, Flanders Tournai and Cambra,
Holds onto Naples and Milan but doesn’t re take Metz
Bankrupt with all income mortgaged for 5 years when Phillip succedes
Fails on his own more ambitious aims but in general a success.