Survival of Lutheranism

Question 1

What was the problem with Charles’s empire

Answer 1

extensive but fragmented

Question 2

Why was Charles not able to control the Reformation

Answer 2

Frequently abroad and distracted

Question 3

Problems for Charles in Spain

Answer 3

Revolt of the Comuneros (princes of castille) 1520-21

Question 4

How long did Charles spend in Spain

Answer 4

1522-29-key period of time when Charles had the opportunity to control the onset of the reformation and enforce the edict of worms

Question 5

Charles’s issues in France

Answer 5

Habsburg-Valois Wars August 1521, Charles went to war with Francis

Question 6

League of Cognac

Answer 6

May 1526 formed in opposition to Charles after his successes at the Battle of Parvia, between France, the papacy, Milan and Venice

Question 7

Problem with the Ottomans

Answer 7

Sulheim the Magnificent victory against the Hungarians at the Battle of Mohacs “sent a shockwave of terror through Europe”

Question 8

Key issue that made the HolyRoman empire hard to govern

Answer 8

Decentralised

Question 9

Limitations on Charles’s power

Answer 9

Capitulation in 1519-not able to bring foreign troops into the HRE

Question 10

Charles’s attendane in the empire

Answer 10

Over the Course of 36 years charles was only present in the HRE for 8 of them

Question 11

Charles’s confession in 1556

Answer 11

‘My Life has been one long journey’

Question 12

What happened after Muhlberg for Charles

Answer 12

Augsburg Interim, Maurice changes sides, Treaty of Chambord with Henry II, division with Ferdinand over inheritance, forced to flee, Peace of Passau and Peace of Augsburg

Question 13

What did Luther’s publications and teaching allow

Answer 13

The reformation to gain popularity with the people

Question 14

What did Luther’s popularity mean for Charles

Answer 14

It was impossible to resist the reformation without risking civil war

Question 15

What may have happened to Protestantism if it didn’t have the same following

Answer 15

Die out like Zwingilism

Question 16

Vernacular bible

Answer 16

‘September Testament, within 12 years sells 200,000 copies

Question 17

Official Lutheran Mass

Answer 17

Formula Missae et Communionis and Deutsche Messe-kept different sects of Christianity together so that Charles had to fight one entity. “authentically Lutheran version” of Christianity.

Question 18

Peasants revolt publications

Answer 18

1525 Against the Murderous thieving hordes of peasants-lost support of the Peasants but gained the support of the princes. Agreed with ‘divine right’

Question 19

Other 1520 Publications

Answer 19

To the Christian nobility of the German nations and On the Babylonian captivity of the church, against catholic practises

Question 20

Luther’s beliefs on his teachings

Answer 20

“I did nothing, the word did everything”

Question 21

What did the Princes have against the emporer

Answer 21

suspicious of any attempts he made to gain power or intervene in their territories, this meant that even catholic princes were wary of any intervention from Charles to prevent the spread of Lutheranism.

Question 22

Which Princes had the most power

Answer 22

electors- chose the next emperor and had to e kept on side to pass key pieces of legislation

Question 23

Failure to enforce the Diet of Worms

Answer 23

Diet of Nuremburg rejected oppression of Luther and called for a General council of the church to be called.
1st Diet of Speyer Recess of the 27th August “govern their affairs “to answer to god and his imperial majesty”
Religion left to the sovereign bodies of the empire.

Question 24

Counter to Princes blocking of the diet of Worms

Answer 24

Charles would not have been able to enforce the diet due to the League of Cognac and Edict of Worms

Question 25

Phillip of Hesse conversion

Answer 25

1526, following the assurances given by the Diet of Speyer, joined the protestant cause

Question 26

Organised Princely resistance

Answer 26

The Schmalkaldic league 10,000 men and 2,000 cavalry

Question 27

2nd Diet of Speyer resistance

Answer 27

6 Princes sign a protestation against enforcement of the Edict of worms

Question 28

Michael Hughes

Answer 28

“The German Princes and governments ensured the survival of his movement”

Question 29

Augsburg confession

Answer 29

document outlining Lutheran beliefs “magna carta of Lutheranism”

Question 30

Bigamy

Answer 30

Counter against Phillip 1540 Bigamy scandal

Question 31

Diet of Worms

Answer 31

1521 Branded Luther a heretic, protection limited to the gates of worms, at risk of attack

Question 32

Wartburg captivity

Answer 32

Frederick “kidnapped”Luther and hid him in Wartburg castle for 10 months But he received no protection from Frederick after March 1522, when he became a theologian at Wittenberg University. Allowed Luther to work on his publications

Question 33

Frederick’s position

Answer 33

One of power as an elector, however religiously he remained a catholic, having a huge collection of relics including milk from the Virgin Mary’s breast