Weimar Germany Flashcards
In 1918, what did Generals persuade Kaiser Wilhelm II to make Germany? (In theory)
A Constitutional Monarchy
What happened on 3 November 1918?
What are Soviets?
Where were Socialist Republics set up?
What happened on 9 November 1918?
Sailors staged mutinies. Protests.
Russian style workers councils.
Bavaria & Saxony
The kaiser abdicated & Ebert took over.
What is communism?
What is Socialism?
What is a Judiciary?
What is the Civil Service?
What is left wing?
What is right wing?
Karl Marxs’ ideas. Run by government
State should control production
Judges & courts
Government’s Administrative Support
Change. Socialism & Communism.
No change. Conservatism. Fascism. The elite.
What was the Ebert-Groener Agreement?
Chancellor left army alone & resisted communism. Groener supported government in return.
When was the Spartacists’ Revolt?
Who were the leaders?
January 1919 Left wing KPD.
Rosa Luxembourg & Karl Liebkneckt.
Who were the Frei Korps?
Who formed them?
What happened in March 1919?
What happened in January 1919?
What happened in February 1919?
What happened on 31 July 1919?
Where did the government move?
RW Volunteer army (ex-army)
Gustav Noshe
2 attacks in Berlin & Munich by LW Communists
Elections. SPD won.
Ebert became president
Constitution written up
Weimar
Diagram of power.
What did PR voting cause?
How many chancellors from 1919 - 1933?
What did Article 48 cause?
Coalitions
14
Dictatorship
What was in The Treaty of Versailles? (7)
- Lost land & resources (13% land, 12% population, 13% farmland, 48% iron, 16% coal)
- Forces reduced to 100,00. 6 battleships, no subs or airforce
- War Guilt Clause (Germany alone started war)
- Reparations (6.6 billion in 1921)
- Rhineland demilitarised (foreign troops in for 15 years)
- Lost overseas colonies
- Couldn’t unite with Austria (Anschluss)
When did they sign Treaty of Versailles?
What did people call it?
What were the politicians who signed it called?
28 June 1919
A diktat
November criminals
When was the Kapp putsch?
Who was the leader?
What did General von Seekt say?
What side of group led it (wing)?
1920
Wolfgang Kapp
German army don’t fire on German army.
Right Wing
Who was assassinated in June 1922?
Walter Rathenau (RW)
What happened in the Ruhr that created the red army?
Red rising (LW)
What caused hyperinflation?
What happened with reparations? Who invaded what?
What did the government tell workers to do?
Why did hyperinflation happen?
Example of hyperinflation?
War debt & inflation
Couldn’t pay 2nd installment. France, the Ruhr.
Passive resistance
Printed more money so value decreased.
1913 - 1 egg = 0.08
1923 - 1 egg = 80 billion
Who was the new chancellor in August 1923?
How did he solve hyperinflation? (5)
Gustav Stresemann
- Ended passive resistance. Workers returned to Ruhr.
- Cut government spending to reduce debt
- Resumed paying reparations so France left Ruhr.
- Set up Reichsbank.
- Set up Rentenmark to restore economic cred.
The NSDAP:
What did they do from 1920 - 1923? (6) IN ORDER
- Adopted 25 point programme
- DAP renamed NSDAP.
- Adopted swastika
- Purchased newspaper (Popular Observer)
- Hitler replaced Drexter as leader
- SA set up
When was the Munich Putsch?
Who supported it?
Who was in charge of it?
How long did the leader get in prison? Why?
Why was this good for the leader?
8/9 November 1923
Von Kahr, Von Seisser, Von Lossow, Von Ludendorff
Hitler
5 years. Judges sympathetic.
Now everyone knew his cause.
What did Stresemann do to help the country?
- Dawes Plan, 1924 - Temporarily reduce reparations
- Young Plan, 1929 - Reduce reparations to £1800 million
- U.S Loans - Rebuild economy. Heavily relied on them
- Locarno Treaties, 1925 - Keep common borders
- League of Nations, 1925 - Allowed to join
Who was the new President in 1925?
What did he hate?
Hindenburg
Democracy
What did the Nazis do 1928 - 1929?
Did away with militant tactics
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf
1928 - 12 seats
National part. Fuhrer principle.
Set up Hitler Youth, SS, SA & Nazi Teachers’ League.
Nazi newspapers. 1929 - votes increased
When was the Wall Street Crash?
How many were unemployed in September 1930?
What coalition resigned?
Who was the new Chancellor?
Who did Germans blame?
Who were they now voting for?
24 - 29 October 1929
3 million
Grand Coalition
Heinrich Brüning (Hunger Chancellor)
Weimar government
Extreme parties (Nazis & communists)
What did Brüning make Hindenburg do?
What happened in the 1930 Reichstag election?
Pass laws
Extremist votes increased
Brünings government:
Good (3)
Bad (3)
Saved govt money, reparations cancelled, trade improved
Unpopular govt, 6 milliion unemployed, hated Weimar
Why did Brüning resign?
What did he do in April 1932?
What did Von Schleicher want to do?
Wanted to nobles’ land in Prussia for unemployed (Hindenburg)
Banned SS & SA
Cooperate with Nazis
What happened in March & April 1932?
What did this gain Hitler?
2 elections (Hindenburg against Hitler) Support & publicity
Who did Hindenburg make Chancellor in 1932?
How many seats did the Nazis have in July 1932?
Did the Reichstag have support or not?
Von Papen
230
nope
Who replaced Von Papen as chancellor?
How long did he last?
When did Hindenburg make Hitler chancellor?
Why?
How many Nazis in a cabinet of 12?
Von Schleicher
57 days
30 January 1933
Von Papen said he could handle him, struck a deal wih him.
4
Why did Germans vote Nazi? (8)
Popular promises (bread & work, Abolish TofV) Targeted key groups (middle class, unemployed) Never associated with Weimars problems
Hitler was a great public speaker
Emotional appeal (groups like Hitler Youth)
Goebbels was propganda expert (Hitler over Germany)
SS/SA was protection from Communists. Intimidation.
Hugenburg (media) Krupp & Thyssen (money)
