Irish History: 1969 - 1972 Flashcards
Why did violence break out in the Summer of ‘69?
Annual apprentice boys march on 12 August in Derry/L’ondonderry
When were British troops deployed in NI?
15 August 1969
What were the reforms introduced by the British PM in August ‘69? (7)
Single housing authority Police report (Hunt report) One man, one vote Tribunal (Scarman tribunal) Work creating schemes Investment in economy Employment bias ended
What was the declaration that reassured Unionists & Nationalists?
Downing Street Declaration
What did the Hunt Report say?
Recommended closing down RUC & disbanding ‘B’ Specials
What did Jack Lynch propose?
If the situation got any worse, the Irish couldn’t not help. They would send Irish troops which would aggravate Unionists
Who was the new PM in 1969?
Chichester Clark
2 evidences of the start of ‘The Troubles’ in 1969?
Month of each
House burnings in Belfast (July)
Battle of the Bogside (August)
How long did the Battle of the Bogside last?
50 hours
Why were British troops deployed in NI? (3)
Help out the RUC
Stop Irish PM sending Irish troops
Stop sectarian violence
Where was there violence because of the Downing Street reforms?
Shankill road
What nickname was given to the IRA?
I Ran Away
What were the 2 parts of the IRA?
Official IRA
Provisional IRA
What were the 3 PIRA aims?
United Ireland
Protect Nationalists
Civil rights for Nationalists
What were the 2 Loyalist paramilitaries?
UVF - Ulster Volunteer Force
UDA - Ulster Defence Association
When was the UVF set up?
When was the UDA set up?
1913
1971
What were the UVF/UDA aims? (2)
Protect Unionists
Defend NI from a United Ireland
What were the 3 new political parties?
Alliance
DUP
SDLP
When was Alliance set up?
When was the DUP set up?
When was the SDLP set up?
1970
1971
1970
Who was the leader of the DUP?
Ian Paisley
What army actions lost Nationalist support?
34 hour Falls Road curfew & weapons search
When did Chichester Clark resign?
20 March 1971
Who replaced Chichester Clark?
Brian Faulkner
Why did Chichester Clark resign?
Couldn’t gain support or help from Westminster
What was internment?
Arrest on suspicion without trial
When was internment introduced?
9 August 1971
What introduced internment?
Operation Demetrius
Why did internment fail?
Intelligence out of date
Only Nationalists detained
When was the first Unionist detained under internment?
1973
What did the SDLP call for after the introduction of internment?
Rent and Rates strike
Where did the UDA bomb in response to increased PIRA violence?
How many were killed?
McGurks bar, Belfast
15 people
What were the 2 NICRA marches in response to internment? Dates?
Magilligan Internment Camp, 22 January 1972
Londonderry. Bloody Sunday. 30 January 1972
When was Bloody Sunday?
30 January 1972
Who were deployed on Bloody Sunday?
1st parachute regiment
How many were killed on Bloody Sunday?
13
Who fired first on Bloody Sunday?
The army, on unarmed citizens
What inquiry investigated Bloody Sunday?
What 2nd inquiry investigated Bloody Sunday?
Widgery Inquiry - failed to establish if they were armed
Saville Inquiry - unarmed. army fired first
What were the 3 Nationalist reactions to Bloody Sunday?
Increased PIRA membership
Burnt British Embassy in Dublin
Condemned Britain & Stormont
What were the 3 Unionist reactions to Bloody Sunday?
Regretted deaths, but sympathised with army
Criticised Stormont
Ulster Vanguard set up
When was the Ulster Vanguard set up?
Leader?
February 1972
William Craig
When was Direct Rule introduced?
24 March 1972
Who was NI’’s first Secretary of State?
William Whitelaw
What were Heath’s proposals on 22nd March meeting? (5)
Westminster controls NI security End internment Referendum on the border Secretary of State appointed Power sharing government
What did these groups think of direct rule?: Nationalists Irish govt. Unionists PIRA
Support
Support
Oppose
Oppose
When was Bloody Friday?
How many killed?
Who & how many bombs?
21 July 1972
9 civilians
IRA, 20 bombs
When was Operation Motorman introduced?
What did it do?
Successful?
31 July 1972
Allowed army access to gain control paramilitary controlled areas
Successful
