Irish History: 1969 - 1972

Question 1

Why did violence break out in the Summer of ‘69?

Answer 1

Annual apprentice boys march on 12 August in Derry/L’ondonderry

Question 2

When were British troops deployed in NI?

Answer 2

15 August 1969

Question 3

What were the reforms introduced by the British PM in August ‘69? (7)

Answer 3

Single housing authority
Police report (Hunt report)
One man, one vote
Tribunal (Scarman tribunal)
Work creating schemes
Investment in economy
Employment bias ended

Question 4

What was the declaration that reassured Unionists & Nationalists?

Answer 4

Downing Street Declaration

Question 5

What did the Hunt Report say?

Answer 5

Recommended closing down RUC & disbanding ‘B’ Specials

Question 6

What did Jack Lynch propose?

Answer 6

If the situation got any worse, the Irish couldn’t not help. They would send Irish troops which would aggravate Unionists

Question 7

Who was the new PM in 1969?

Answer 7

Chichester Clark

Question 8

2 evidences of the start of ‘The Troubles’ in 1969?

Month of each

Answer 8

House burnings in Belfast (July)

Battle of the Bogside (August)

Question 9

How long did the Battle of the Bogside last?

Answer 9

50 hours

Question 10

Why were British troops deployed in NI? (3)

Answer 10

Help out the RUC
Stop Irish PM sending Irish troops
Stop sectarian violence

Question 11

Where was there violence because of the Downing Street reforms?

Answer 11

Shankill road

Question 12

What nickname was given to the IRA?

Answer 12

I Ran Away

Question 13

What were the 2 parts of the IRA?

Answer 13

Official IRA

Provisional IRA

Question 14

What were the 3 PIRA aims?

Answer 14

United Ireland
Protect Nationalists
Civil rights for Nationalists

Question 15

What were the 2 Loyalist paramilitaries?

Answer 15

UVF - Ulster Volunteer Force

UDA - Ulster Defence Association

Question 16

When was the UVF set up?

When was the UDA set up?

Answer 16

1913

1971

Question 17

What were the UVF/UDA aims? (2)

Answer 17

Protect Unionists

Defend NI from a United Ireland

Question 18

What were the 3 new political parties?

Answer 18

Alliance
DUP
SDLP

Question 19

When was Alliance set up?
When was the DUP set up?
When was the SDLP set up?

Answer 19

1970
1971
1970

Question 20

Who was the leader of the DUP?

Answer 20

Ian Paisley

Question 21

What army actions lost Nationalist support?

Answer 21

34 hour Falls Road curfew & weapons search

Question 22

When did Chichester Clark resign?

Answer 22

20 March 1971

Question 23

Who replaced Chichester Clark?

Answer 23

Brian Faulkner

Question 24

Why did Chichester Clark resign?

Answer 24

Couldn’t gain support or help from Westminster

Question 25

What was internment?

Answer 25

Arrest on suspicion without trial

Question 26

When was internment introduced?

Answer 26

9 August 1971

Question 27

What introduced internment?

Answer 27

Operation Demetrius

Question 28

Why did internment fail?

Answer 28

Intelligence out of date

Only Nationalists detained

Question 29

When was the first Unionist detained under internment?

Answer 29

1973

Question 30

What did the SDLP call for after the introduction of internment?

Answer 30

Rent and Rates strike

Question 31

Where did the UDA bomb in response to increased PIRA violence?
How many were killed?

Answer 31

McGurks bar, Belfast

15 people

Question 32

What were the 2 NICRA marches in response to internment? Dates?

Answer 32

Magilligan Internment Camp, 22 January 1972

Londonderry. Bloody Sunday. 30 January 1972

Question 33

When was Bloody Sunday?

Answer 33

30 January 1972

Question 34

Who were deployed on Bloody Sunday?

Answer 34

1st parachute regiment

Question 35

How many were killed on Bloody Sunday?

Answer 35

13

Question 36

Who fired first on Bloody Sunday?

Answer 36

The army, on unarmed citizens

Question 37

What inquiry investigated Bloody Sunday?

What 2nd inquiry investigated Bloody Sunday?

Answer 37

Widgery Inquiry - failed to establish if they were armed

Saville Inquiry - unarmed. army fired first

Question 38

What were the 3 Nationalist reactions to Bloody Sunday?

Answer 38

Increased PIRA membership
Burnt British Embassy in Dublin
Condemned Britain & Stormont

Question 39

What were the 3 Unionist reactions to Bloody Sunday?

Answer 39

Regretted deaths, but sympathised with army
Criticised Stormont
Ulster Vanguard set up

Question 40

When was the Ulster Vanguard set up?

Leader?

Answer 40

February 1972

William Craig

Question 41

When was Direct Rule introduced?

Answer 41

24 March 1972

Question 42

Who was NI’’s first Secretary of State?

Answer 42

William Whitelaw

Question 43

What were Heath’s proposals on 22nd March meeting? (5)

Answer 43

Westminster controls NI security
End internment
Referendum on the border
Secretary of State appointed
Power sharing government

Question 44

What did these groups think of direct rule?:
Nationalists
Irish govt.
Unionists 
PIRA

Answer 44

Support
Support
Oppose
Oppose

Question 45

When was Bloody Friday?
How many killed?
Who & how many bombs?

Answer 45

21 July 1972
9 civilians
IRA, 20 bombs

Question 46

When was Operation Motorman introduced?
What did it do?
Successful?

Answer 46

31 July 1972
Allowed army access to gain control paramilitary controlled areas
Successful