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History X > Irish History 1973 - 1986 > Flashcards

Irish History 1973 - 1986 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the aim of power sharing in 73-74

A

Reduce sectarianism

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2
Q

What were the agreements of power sharing in 1973?

A

Executive parliament for NI set up. Westminster controls security and justice. Power shared between Unionists and Nationalists. ROI government given a role in government of NI.

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3
Q

What were the Nationalist and Unionist opinions on Power Sharing?

A 
Nationalists supportive
Unionists divided (OUP support, UUUC opposed it)
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4
Q

When was Executive Membership announced?

A

21 November 1973, by William Whitelaw.

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5
Q

Who was the leader and deputy of power sharing executive?

A

Faulkner

Fitt

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6
Q

Who was invited to the Sunningdale Agreement?

A

British PM + secretary of state.
Taoiseach + Irish foreign minister
OUP, SDLP + Alliance

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7
Q

Who was not invited to the Sunningdale Agreement?

A 
Anti-power sharing politicians.
Ian Paisley (DUP)
William Craig (Ulster Vanguard)
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8
Q

What were the 5 points agreed at the Sunningdale Agreement?

A
  1. London didn’t oppose United Ireland if majority
  2. Dublin accepted United Ireland only if majority
  3. Council of Ministers (NI + ROI)
  4. Consultative Ministry (Dail + Assembly elected)
  5. Later, Stormont controls internal security issues.
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9
Q

What were the 2 problems with the Sunningdale Agreement?

A

SDLP saw it as a creation of closer NI + ROI ties

Faulkner saw as token. Dublin accepts NI as UK.

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10
Q

When was the NI Power Sharing Executive set up?

What were the problems?

A

January 1974
UUC voted to reject Sunningdale Agreement
Faulkner resigned, replaced y Harry West.

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11
Q

What were the paramilitary reactions to the Sunningdale Agreement?

A

10 December 1973 - Loyalists created Ulster Army Council

IRA set off London bombs week before Christmas

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12
Q

What happened in the 1974 General Election

A

Labour in Parliament. Merlyn Rees secretary of state, mainly in Westminster, not NI. UWC strike. Unionists unsupportive.

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13
Q

What date was the UWC strike?
What were the aims?
What happened?

A

14 May 1974
Show level of Unionist opposition to Agreement.
Blackouts, road blocks.

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14
Q

How was the UWC strike shut down?

A

Attempted back to work demonstration, failed.
Loyalist Car bombs, 17 May in Monaghan + Dublin.
25 May, Wilson TV speech, “spongers”
28 May Faulkner resigned + power sharing ended
Strike ended 29 May

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15
Q

When was Special Category Status introduced and removed? What did it do?

A

1972 and 1976

Those convicted of crimes connected to the Troubles were treated as POW.

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16
Q

What were the Republican protests against the removal of Special Category Status? (3)

A

Blanket protest - wore blankets, not clothes
Dirty Protest 78 - Smeared cell walls w/ faeces.
Hunger Strike 81 - Nothing achieved. Stopped in December.

17
Q 
When did the 1981 Hunger Strikes begin?
Who led it?
How was it different?
When was leader elected?
When did leader die?
When did it end?
A 
1 March 1981
Bobby Sands
Join at intervals, maximise length + impact
40th day strike to Westminster
5 May 
3 October - 9 dead
18
Q

What concessions were given to prisoners after the Hunger Strikes? (4)

A

Allowed to wear their own clothes
50% sentence reduction for prisoners
Greater number of prison visits
More association among prisoners allowed

19
Q

What tactics did Sinn Fein operate under?

What was this strategy called?

A

Militant + Constitutional

The Ballot Box + The Armalite

20
Q

What was the aftermath of the strikes?

A

Increased Nationalist alienation

Increased PIRA membership

21
Q

What was Rolling Devolution?

What did the October 1982 elections show?

A

Election of assembly which would be given decision making power if cross-community support for power-sharing.
No Nationalist support. Dissolved in June 1986.
More Sinn Fein support.

22
Q

Who was the new SDLP leader?
When was he appointed?
When was the INLA bomb + where?

A

John Hume. 1979

6 December 1982. 17 dead in Ballykelly

23
Q

When was the New Ireland Forum established + by whom?

Who attended, and who didn’t?

A

May 1983, Dublin government. - Fitzgerald
Ireland’s constitutional parties
Unionists + Sinn Fein

24
Q

What were the aims of the New Ireland Forum?

A

Improve relations with British government. Reduce Republican support by working with London

25
Q

When was the New Ireland Forum’s report published, what did it say? (3)

A

May 1984.

  • United Ireland achieved by agreement + consent
  • Federal arrangement. North parliament w/ United Ireland
  • London + Dublin responsible for NI
26
Q

What were the reactions to the New Ireland Forum?

A

Unionists + Thatcher rejected it.

October 1984, PIRA tried to kill Thatcher.

27
Q

When was the Anglo-Irish Agreement signed?
Who signed it?
Why was it signed?

A

15 November 1985
Thatcher + Fitzgerald
Improve security, reduce Nationalist alienation.

28
Q

What were the points of the Anglo-Irish Agreement? (3)

A
  • Intergovernmental Conference to deal with security, legal matters, political q’s + border cooperation
  • Permanent secretariat. Power sharing. Support conference.
  • Devolution occurred if power-sharing agreed.
29
Q

What were the reactions to the Anglo-Irish Agreement?

A

Unionists rejected it (United Ireland)
Alliance supported
SDLP supported (Give role in creation)
Sinn Fein rejected it (Recognised existence of NI)

30
Q

What were 6 Unionist tactics to show opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement?

A
  • Marches to Anglo-Irish Secretariat HQ
  • Protest rally at city hall, Nov ‘85. Paisley + OUP
  • All Unionist MPs resigned + rejoined. 1 lost seat
  • Protest, March ‘86. Caused standstill
  • Shunned British ministers, refused to set rates + boycotted Westminster
  • Loyalist violent against RUC. Nov ‘86 - Ulster Resistance formed

History X (7 decks)

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