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History X > Irish History: O'Neill > Flashcards

Irish History: O'Neill Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gerrymandering?

A

Rigging of electoral boundaries

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2
Q

What is sectarianism?

A

Religious based bias or hatred

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3
Q

What is the Dail?

A

Irish Parliament

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4
Q

What is the Taoiseach?

A

Irish PM

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5
Q

What was Operation Harvest?

A

Border campaign by IRA

Late 50s, early 60s

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6
Q

What act created NI?

A

1920 Government of Ireland Act

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7
Q

When was the NHS introduced?

A

July 1948

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8
Q

What act gave kids free education up to age 16?

A

1947 Education Act

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9
Q

Give an example of housing discrimination?

A

Caledon

Single Protestant girl got house before a Catholic family

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10
Q

What were the 3 main areas of discrimination?

A

Housing
Voting
Jobs

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11
Q

Who was NI’s PM in 1963?

A

Terrence O’Neill

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12
Q

What was O’Neill’s goal?

A

To break the chains of ancient hatreds

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13
Q

What were O’Neill’s 3 aims?

A

Improve NI economy
Improve NI community relations
Improve NI’s relations with the ROI

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14
Q

Give 4 ways O’Neill tried to improve the economy?

A

Modernised the road & railways
Establish Craigavon
New university in Coleraine
New airport

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15
Q

Was O’Neill successful in improving the economy?

A

Created new jobs, but unemployment remained high

Location of new factories looked like discrimination as they were in the Unionist East

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16
Q

Give 4 ways O’Neill tried to improve community relations?

A

Visited Cardinal William
Offered condolences when pope died
Visited Catholic schools & hospitals
Increased finances for Catholic schools & hospitals

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17
Q

Give 1 ways O’Neill tried to improve relations with the ROI?

A

Met with Taoiseach. Sean Lemass & Jack Lynch

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18
Q

What did Unionists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve the economy?

A

Supportive

19
Q

What did Nationalists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve the economy? (3 reasons why)

A

Initially supportive. Doubted him:

  • Coleraine Uni location
  • Name of Craigavon (first PM of NI)
  • Site of new factories
20
Q

What did Unionists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve community relations?

A

Some supportive

Worried about United Ireland

21
Q

What did Nationalists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve community relations?

A

At first, supportive.

Doubted him

22
Q

What did Unionists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve relations with the ROI?

A

Unsupportive

Worried about United Ireland

23
Q

What did Nationalists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve relations with the ROI?

A

At first, supportive

Doubted him

24
Q

When was NICRA set up?

A

1967

25
Q

Give 2 leaders of NICRA?

A

John Hume

Paddy Devlin

26
Q

Give 3 influences for NICRA?

A

US civil rights movement
Student demonstrations in France
JFK (1st RC President)

27
Q

State NICRAs 7 aims?

A 
One man, one vote
Council houses fair
Gerrymandering ended
Govt. jobs on merit
Special Powers Act ended
B specials closed down
Complaints Commission to report discrimination
28
Q

What did the Special Powers Act do?

A

Detain on suspicion (no trial)

29
Q

When & where was NICRAs first march?
Peaceful/Violent?
What was it for?

A

24 August 1968
Coalisland to Dungannon
Peaceful
End housing discrimination

30
Q 
When & where was NICRAs second march?
Peaceful/Violent?
What was it for?
Who threatened to march?
Why was it so famous?
A 
5 October 1968
Londonderry
Very violent
End housing discrimination
Apprentice Boys
RTE camera crew present
31
Q

When were O’Neill’s 5 point reforms?

How many of NICRAs demands did he grant?

A

November 1968

5

32
Q

What were O’Neill’s 5 point reforms?

A

Ombudsman to investigate complaints
Londonderry Corporation replaced
Council housing allocated on points system
Special Powers Act partly removed
Reforms in govt. extra business votes ended

33
Q

When did O’Neill appeal to NICRA? How?

A

December 1968

TV Broadcast

34
Q

Who publicly condemned O’Neill & was sacked?

A

Craig

35
Q

What was the other civil rights group? (not NICRA)

A

People’s Democracy (PD)

36
Q

What were the 6 PD aims?

A 
One man, one vote
Fair boundaries
Houses on need
Jobs on merit
Freedom of speech
Repeal of the Special Powers Act
37
Q

What happened on the PD’s Burntollet march?

A

Ambushed by off duty ‘B’ Specials

38
Q

Who were the 2 PD leaders?

A

Michael Farrell

Bernadette Devlin

39
Q

What was set up to investigate the Burntollet Bridge incident?

A

The Cameron Commission

40
Q

When was the ‘Crossroads Election’?

A

24 February 1969

41
Q

Why did O’Neill call for the Crossroads election?

A

Test support for his 3 aims

42
Q

When did O’Neill resign?

A

28 April 1969

43
Q

Why did O’Neill resign? (5)

A 
February election result
UVF bombing - blew him out of office
Chichester Clark's resignation
Nationalists unsatisfied by his work
Unionists concerned by his work

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