Irish History: O'Neill Flashcards
What is gerrymandering?
Rigging of electoral boundaries
What is sectarianism?
Religious based bias or hatred
What is the Dail?
Irish Parliament
What is the Taoiseach?
Irish PM
What was Operation Harvest?
Border campaign by IRA
Late 50s, early 60s
What act created NI?
1920 Government of Ireland Act
When was the NHS introduced?
July 1948
What act gave kids free education up to age 16?
1947 Education Act
Give an example of housing discrimination?
Caledon
Single Protestant girl got house before a Catholic family
What were the 3 main areas of discrimination?
Housing
Voting
Jobs
Who was NI’s PM in 1963?
Terrence O’Neill
What was O’Neill’s goal?
To break the chains of ancient hatreds
What were O’Neill’s 3 aims?
Improve NI economy
Improve NI community relations
Improve NI’s relations with the ROI
Give 4 ways O’Neill tried to improve the economy?
Modernised the road & railways
Establish Craigavon
New university in Coleraine
New airport
Was O’Neill successful in improving the economy?
Created new jobs, but unemployment remained high
Location of new factories looked like discrimination as they were in the Unionist East
Give 4 ways O’Neill tried to improve community relations?
Visited Cardinal William
Offered condolences when pope died
Visited Catholic schools & hospitals
Increased finances for Catholic schools & hospitals
Give 1 ways O’Neill tried to improve relations with the ROI?
Met with Taoiseach. Sean Lemass & Jack Lynch
What did Unionists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve the economy?
Supportive
What did Nationalists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve the economy? (3 reasons why)
Initially supportive. Doubted him:
- Coleraine Uni location
- Name of Craigavon (first PM of NI)
- Site of new factories
What did Unionists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve community relations?
Some supportive
Worried about United Ireland
What did Nationalists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve community relations?
At first, supportive.
Doubted him
What did Unionists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve relations with the ROI?
Unsupportive
Worried about United Ireland
What did Nationalists think of O’Neill’s policy to improve relations with the ROI?
At first, supportive
Doubted him
When was NICRA set up?
1967
Give 2 leaders of NICRA?
John Hume
Paddy Devlin
Give 3 influences for NICRA?
US civil rights movement
Student demonstrations in France
JFK (1st RC President)
State NICRAs 7 aims?
One man, one vote Council houses fair Gerrymandering ended Govt. jobs on merit Special Powers Act ended B specials closed down Complaints Commission to report discrimination
What did the Special Powers Act do?
Detain on suspicion (no trial)
When & where was NICRAs first march?
Peaceful/Violent?
What was it for?
24 August 1968
Coalisland to Dungannon
Peaceful
End housing discrimination
When & where was NICRAs second march? Peaceful/Violent? What was it for? Who threatened to march? Why was it so famous?
5 October 1968 Londonderry Very violent End housing discrimination Apprentice Boys RTE camera crew present
When were O’Neill’s 5 point reforms?
How many of NICRAs demands did he grant?
November 1968
5
What were O’Neill’s 5 point reforms?
Ombudsman to investigate complaints
Londonderry Corporation replaced
Council housing allocated on points system
Special Powers Act partly removed
Reforms in govt. extra business votes ended
When did O’Neill appeal to NICRA? How?
December 1968
TV Broadcast
Who publicly condemned O’Neill & was sacked?
Craig
What was the other civil rights group? (not NICRA)
People’s Democracy (PD)
What were the 6 PD aims?
One man, one vote Fair boundaries Houses on need Jobs on merit Freedom of speech Repeal of the Special Powers Act
What happened on the PD’s Burntollet march?
Ambushed by off duty ‘B’ Specials
Who were the 2 PD leaders?
Michael Farrell
Bernadette Devlin
What was set up to investigate the Burntollet Bridge incident?
The Cameron Commission
When was the ‘Crossroads Election’?
24 February 1969
Why did O’Neill call for the Crossroads election?
Test support for his 3 aims
When did O’Neill resign?
28 April 1969
Why did O’Neill resign? (5)
February election result UVF bombing - blew him out of office Chichester Clark's resignation Nationalists unsatisfied by his work Unionists concerned by his work
