Weight management and eating disorders Flashcards
Positive vs negative energy balance
Positive- gain weight
negative- lose weight
Hypertrophic and hyperplastic growth of adipose tissue
Hypertrophic- the size of the adipocyte increases
Hyperplastic- the number of adipocytes increases
Regulation of short term food intake (3)
- Circulating energy lvls (glu, aa, fatty acids)
- Gastric stretching
- Gastro horomones- Ghrelin stims, CCk inhibits
What is gastric banding
reduces the size of the stomach by wrapping an adjustable band around the upper portion of the stomach
What is gastric bypass
reduces size of stomach and bypasses a segment of the small intestine
Effect of CCK and where is it produced
released in small intestine in response to pro and fatty foods (decreases intake)
Effect of Glucagon like peptide 1 and where is it produced
small and large intestine- decreases food intake
Effect of ghrelin and where is it produced
released by stomach in response to empty stomach- increases intake
Effect of enterostatin and where is it released
Stomach and s intestine in response to faaty a, decreases intake
Effect of peptide YY and where is it released
small and large intesting in response to food in GI tract- decreases intake
3 aspects of total energy expenditure
Basal metabolism
Physical activity
Thermic effect of food
over what BMI increases the risk of weight related mortality
over 25
What gene mutations are unable to respond to lepton
ob/ob
db/db
What does increased and decreased leptin signal
decreased body fat decreases leptin which upregulateds anabolic NTs
Increased body fat causes increased leptin which upregulaetes catabolic NTs
What does adiponectin do
produced by adipose tissues and may have the opposite effect of leptin (stims appetite)
What is anorexia nervosa-binge eating/purging type
restrictive dieting leading to a binge then purge with feelings of guilt and shame (cycle)
What is anorexia nervosa- restrictive type
continous restrictive dieting
What are some health concerns related to anorexia (4)
- Decline in estrogen (reproductive function, bone health)
- osteoporosis
- nutrient deficiency (calcium and potassium)- leads to Heart attacks
- death
What is bulimia nervsa
using food as coping mechanism
-binging followed by purging
Purging vs non purging bulimia
purging- self infuced vomiting/ laxitives
non purging- execisive exercise
What is nocturnal sleep related eating disorder and night eating syndrome
nocturnal- unaware of eating at night
night eating- aweness of eating at night/snacking constantly
food neophobia
Irrational fear or avoidence of trying new foods
what is the femal athlete triad
- disordered eating- inadequate nutrient/ energy intake
- Amenorrhea- menstrual cycle stop
- Osteopenia- Cessation of menstruation=low bone density
