CH 11: Healthy body weight Flashcards
Determining if a persons body weight is healthful should include (3)
- Determining the BMI
- Measuring body composition
- Assessing the pattern of fat distribution
Calculation for BMI and values below and above that are unhealthy
Weight/Hieght 2
Bellow 18.5 and above 30
Who is BMI not appropriate for (5)
- high in mm mass
- under 18
- Pregnent/nursing
- over 65
- certain ethnic/racial groups
How is fat distribution pattern measured
measured by waist-to-hip ration and waist circumference
Apple vs pear shapped patterning
apple- upper body- increased risk for chronic diseases (type 2, heart disease, hypertension)
Pear- no sig increased risk for chronic diseases
3 ways to evaluate body weight
- BMI
- Body composotion
- fat patterning
BMR- what is it, what % of total energy expenditure does it take
Energy expended to maintain resting functions in body
-60-75% of total energy expenditure (more lean mass increases it)
Thermic effect of food- what % of total expenditure does it take, what macronutrient is it highest for
Energy expended to digest, absorb, trans food
5-10% of total expenditure
Highest for pro and carbs
What percentage of energy balance does physical activity take
15-35% of daily energy expenditure
What % of a persons fat is due to genetic factors
25% of a persons fat
What is thrifty gene theory
Proposes that a gene causes people to be energetically thrifity and expend less energy than others causing weight gain
What is set point theory
Proposes that each persons weight stays within a small range and the body compensates for changes in energy balance and keep weight @ the set point
What gene controls leptin and what happens when its mutated
- controlled by the ob gene
- mutation of the ob gene in mice cause reduced levels of leptin, leading to increased food intake and reduced energy output
Where is ghrelin produced and what is its function
synthesized in the stomach
-acts as a hormone and stims appetite by acting on the hypothalamus
Where is peptide YY produced and what does it do
Produced in GI tract decreases appetite (obease have lower lvls)
