Ch 7: Fluid/Electrolyte balance Flashcards
What % of adults are fluids (+ how much intracellular and extracellular)
50-70%
- 2/3 intracellular
- 1/3 extracellular
What consits of extracellular fluid (2)
- Tissue fluid (lean tissues have higher amounts)
- Plasma
What are the electrolytes of body fluid (4)
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Phosphorus
What are the predominant electrolytes intracellulary and extracellular
Intra- Potasium, Phosphorus
Extra- sodium, Chloride
What are the functions of electrolytes (3)
- Help regulate fluid balance (osmosis)
- Help nerves respond to stim (Na + K across membrane)
- Signal of mm to contract (ca2+)
What is insensible water
lost thru the skin (sweat) or thru lungs during exhalation
Average recomended water intake for males/females
males- 3.7L
females- 2.7L
Whta is hyponatremia
Overhydration of water (dilution of sodium)
recomended intake of sodium and do most Canadians reach this goal
- 5g/day required
- Most canadians consume more than UL
What occurs in overconsumption of sodium
Hypernatremia- abnormally high blood sodium (risk in those w heart/kidney probs)
- High blood volume, edema, high BP
- increased excretion of calcium leading to bone loss
What occurs in underconspumtion of sodium + why does it happen
- can be from prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, sweating (strenous activity), too much water
- Can lead to seizures, coma, death
What is the function of potassium + recommended intake
- Fluid/electro balance, helps maintaine lower BP
4. 7g (most candians don’t consume this amount)
food sources w high potassium
potatoes
What occurs in you overconsume potassium + what pts is it in
can alter heart rhytm (heart attack/death risk)
pts w kidney disease
What type of pt is low potassium seen in
pts w kidney disease/ diabetic acidosis/ taking diuretic meds
Chloride function and recomended intake
- fluid balance, immune function, HCL component
- min 2.3g/day
What happends if you consume too much chloride
May lead to hypertension in salt sensitive pts
Function of phosphorus
- major neg intracelluar electrolyte
- fluid balance
- critical role in bone formation
- creates energy in body (ATP etc)
RDA for phosphous
700mg/day
What occurs if you consume too much phosphorus and why does it occur
w/ kidney disease or too much vit D sups
-causes mm spasms/ convulsions
Who is at risk for not consuming enough phosphorus
Premature infants, elderly, poor diets, alcohol abuse
What are heat cramps + what are they due to
develop during vigorous activity sessions in heat
-pain mm cramps lasting seconds to mins
What is heat exhaustion + what are they due to
several days in high heat w/ inadequate fluids
-Cramps, weakness, vomiting, dizziness, increased BO
symmptoms of heat stroke
rapid pulse, hyperventilation, hot/dry skin, high body temp, wekaness
