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PH2206 Mod 7 > Ch 8: Nutrients + Antioxidant Function > Flashcards

Ch 8: Nutrients + Antioxidant Function Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of antioxidents (5)

A
  • Vit E
  • Vit C
  • Beta carotene
  • Vit A
  • Selenium
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2
Q

oxidation vs reduction

A

oxidation- loss of electrons from a molecule

reduction- gain of electrons from a molecule

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3
Q

What is a free radical

A

an atom that has lost an electron and is left w an unpaired electron
- can cause damage in the body as they reactite with oxygen

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4
Q

How can free radicals be produced in the body (4)

A
  • normal processes (prob is when we cant deal w em)
  • Pollution
  • UV light and radiation
  • Toxic substances
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5
Q

What can free radicals cause damage to (4)

A
  • Cell membranes
  • Low density lipoproteins
  • proteins in the cell
  • genetic material (DNA)
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6
Q

What enzyme systems do antioxidents act on (3)

A
  • Superoxide dismutase
  • catalase
  • glutathione peroxidase
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7
Q

What is the biologically active and inactive form of Vit e and RDA

A

Active- Tocopherol
Inactive- Tocotrienol

RDA-15mg/day

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8
Q

What are the functions of Vit E

A
  • Primar role as antioxident
  • Protects Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
  • Protects low-density lipopros
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9
Q

dangers of overconsumption of Vit E

A
  • Interfere w anticoagulent meds
  • Nausea/diarrhea
  • Link to vasular diseases/heart failure
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10
Q

Function of Vit C and RDA

A
  • Antioxident
  • synthesis of collagen
  • prevent scurvy
  • enhances immune system

RDA- 90mg/day men, 75mg/day women

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11
Q

dangers of overconsumption of Vit C

A
  • nausea, diarrhea
  • iron toxicity
  • kidney stone formation in people w/ kidney probs
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12
Q

Main risk of underconsumption of vit C and complications associated

A

Scurvy

  • bleeding gums, loose eeth, weakness
  • can occur after 1 month
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13
Q

What is betacaroene considered and what is it a precurser to

A

carotenoid (provitimin- inactive precursors that must be converted to the active form in body)

Precursor to retinol

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14
Q

Functions of beta carotene anf RDA

A
  • Weak antioxident
  • effective against oxidation in cell membranes + LDLs
  • Enhance immune system
  • Protect skin from damage by UV light

No RDA established (not considered essential)

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15
Q

What happens if you overconsume + underconsume beta carotene

A

too much- dont appear to be toxic

too little- No known deficiency symptoms

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16
Q

What are the 3 active forms of Vit A

A

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic acid

–all collectively known as the retinoids

17
Q

Function of Vit A

A
  • Vision
  • sex repro
  • bone health
  • immune function
  • cell differentiation
  • antioxident (protect LDL)
18
Q

RDA of vit a (men + women)

A

men 900mg/day

women- 700mg/day

19
Q

What occurs if you consume too much VIt A

A
  • birth defects
  • spontaneous abortion
  • permentent damage to liver/eyes
20
Q

What happen if you dont consume enough vit A

A

Night blindness

-irreversivle blindness (xerophthalmia)

21
Q

Selenium functions, RDA

A
  • Antioxident (glutathione peroxidae enzyme system)
  • Production of thyroxine

55ug/day

22
Q

What happens if you consume too much selenium

A

selenium toxicity- brittle hair, nails, skin rashes

23
Q

What happens if you dont consume enough selenium (2)

A

Keshan Disease- Form of heart disease

Kashin Beck- type of arthritis

24
Q

What 3 nutrients are cofactors for superoxide dismutase enzyme antioxidant system

A

Copper, Zinc, manganese

25
Q

What nutrient is a cofactor for the catalase antioxidant systme

A

Iron

26
Q

What are the 3 steps of cancer

A

Initiation- cells DNA is mutated
Promotion- Altered cell repeatly divides
Progression- cell grow out of control

27
Q

top 5 modifiable risk factors to cancer

A
  1. Tobacco
  2. nutrition+fitness
  3. Alcohol
  4. Uv rd
  5. Vit D
28
Q

How can antioxidents reduce cancer risk

A
  • enhancing immune system
  • inhibiting the growth of cancer cells
  • preventing oxidation damage

PH2206 Mod 7 (8 decks)

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