Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nutrition > weight management > Flashcards

weight management Flashcards

1
Q

Men have ____obesity, W _____obesity

A

upper-body, lower-body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

upper body obesity is this shape

A

apple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

upper body obesity is associated with

A
  • CVD, HTN, type 2 diabetes
  • testosterone, cortisol, excessive alcohol
  • abdominal fat is released into liver and promotes inflammation in body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

juvenile’s-onset obesity

A
  • develops in infancy or childhood

- increase in # of adipose cells (where fat is stored)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adipose cells have ___ lifespan and need to store fat. Makes it difficult to lose fat

A

long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adult-onset obesity

A

fewer adipose cells & larger adipose cells to store excess amount of fat
- if weight gain continue, number of adipose cells increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

obesity is ___ allowing nature to express itself

A

nurture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

location of fat is influenced by

A

genetics & hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

these people are especially at risk of obesity

A

children of obese parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can promote healthy weight?

A
  • increased physical activity

- moderate calorie intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why are calories from fat more likely to promote obesity than CHO>

A

more palatable - eat more

  • higher caloric intake (9kcal/g vs 4)
  • energy cost of converting and storing adipose from CHO are 3x higher than from dietary fat
  • little CHO –> adipose occurs under normal feeding conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

females have more

A

fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

menopause =

A

increase in abdominal fat deposition is favored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

if over a long period, ____ energy balance promotes storage of fat

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

basal metabolism

A

a low value is linked to weight gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fat uptake by adipose tissue

A

high in some obese people and remains high with weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

undertermined genetic characteristics

A

affect energy balance, particularly via the energy expenditure components, the deposition of the energy surplus as adipose/lean tissue, and the relative proportion of fat and carbohydrate used by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

race

A

in some ethnic groups, higher body weight may be more socially acceptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

certain food medications

A

food intake increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

national region

A

regional differences, such as high-fat diets and sedentary lifestyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

BMI formula

A

Mass in kg / height in meters squared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Underweight bmi =

A

BMI< 18.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

healthy weight bmi =

A

BMI 18.5-24.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Obese bmi

A

BMI 30.-39.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

severly obese bmi

A

> 40

26
Q

why is BMI important?

A

important clue to overall health

27
Q

Underweight:

A

having too little body fat to maintain health

28
Q

overweight:

A

having a moderate amount of excess body fat

29
Q

obesity:

A

having an excess of body fat that adversely affects health

30
Q

energy in = energy out

A

weight maintenance

31
Q

energy in > energy out =

A

weight gain

32
Q

energy in < energy out =

A

weight loss

33
Q

applications to weight management?

A
  • assess caloric intake
  • assess caloric expenditure
  • calculate the energy balance
34
Q

for weight maintenance, you should ___ caloric expenditure and ____caloric intake

A

increase, decrease

35
Q

energy balance occurs when

A

energy intake = energy expenditure

36
Q

energy intake =

A

kcal from food

37
Q

energy expenditure =

A
  • energy expended at rest (basal metabolic rate, or resting metabolic rate)
  • physical activity
  • thermic effect of food
38
Q

For energy balance, physical activity should be ____% of total expenditure. Influenced by intensity, duration, muscles used

A

15-35

39
Q

thermic effect of food

A
  • energy expended to digest, absorb, transport, metabolize, and store food
  • 5-10% of total expenditure
  • lower for fat, higher for protein and CHO
40
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is

A

minimal amount of energy needed to maintain basic physiological functions

41
Q

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is

A

energy required to maintain essential physiological processes in a relaxed, awake, and reclined state

42
Q

metabolic rate varies with:

A

age, gender, body size & composition

43
Q

Estimate of EE - RMR

A
  • multiply body weight in lbs by: 10 for females, 11 for males
  • then add TEF (10% of RMR) & PA
44
Q

benefits of exercise increase the following

A
  • energy expenditure
  • weight maintenance
  • preservation of lean tissue
  • spi and norepi –fat mobilzation
  • fat utilization
45
Q

exercise might also

A

increase post exercise RMR, reduce the decrease in RMR from dieting

46
Q

energy consumption considerations

A
  • monitor # of calories ingested by food (calorie counter, # of servings)
  • Are recommended AMDRs being met? cho, fat, protein
47
Q

decreasing intake

A

change the what, how, where, and when its eaten

48
Q

decreasing intake cont’d

A
  • sedentary society - requires less calories
  • lower fat, high-fibre approaches
  • read food labels
  • keep food log (portion distortion)
49
Q

no diet has a

A

metabolic average

50
Q

weight control guidelines (ACSM)

A
  • well balanced diet
  • weight loss should NOT exceed 2lbs/wk
  • calorie deficit should not exceed 1000 kcal/d
  • caloric intake minimum of 1200 kcal/day
  • 3 meals per day minimum - more is better
  • adjust eating and exercise habits
51
Q

PA to prevent weight gain:

A

150-250 min/wk equals 1200-2000 kcal/wk

- prevents weight gain in most adults

52
Q

PA for weight loss:

A
  • < 150 min/wk = minimal weight loss
  • > 150 min/wk = moderate loss (2-3 kg)
    225-420 min/wk = high loss (5 - 7.5 kg)
  • dose-response relationship exists
53
Q

What is a FAD diet?

A

tip-offs that program you’re interested in this one

54
Q

what do FAD diets promote?

A
  • program based on new discovery
  • rapid weight loss with no exercise
  • special foods only available from promoter
  • rigid & limited menu
  • diets that over or under emphasize specific, narrowly defined nutrients as the key to weight loss
55
Q

Why are FAD diets successful in attracting customers?

A

Appeal to the concerns of many people
e.g. being overweight, not muscular enough, reduce effects of aging, eat anything you want and still be able to lose weight

56
Q

USA population spends this amount on fad diets and related products

A

60 billion…fattest country on planet

57
Q

diets focusing on macronutrient composition

A
  • encourage increased consumption of certain macronutrients and restrict consumption of others
  • e.g. - diets high in CHO and moderate in fat and protein
58
Q

Sound weight loss program:

A
  • rate of loss
  • flexibility
  • intake
  • behavior modification
  • overall health
59
Q

steps to take for a sound weight loss program:

A

seek advice from a registered dietician

  • control caloric intake
  • increase physical activity
  • ackowledge need for lifelong changes to maintain healthy weight
60
Q

weightloss tripod

A
  • control calorie intake
  • correct problem behavior
  • perform regular physical activity
61
Q

Gastroplasty

A
  • most common surgical procedure for treating severe obesity
  • reduces the ‘empty’ stomach size (from 1000ml to 30ml)
  • overeating will result in rapid vomiting
  • smaller stomach promotes satiety earlier
  • 75% will lose ~50% of excess body weight

nutrition (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions