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nutrition > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

In addition to imparing balance, motor coordination, decision-making, and a litany of other functions, alcohol produces detectable memory impairments beginning after_______

A

just one or two drinks

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2
Q

Alcohol is both of these:

A

food and drug

  • made from CHOs & is an energy source
  • modifies various body functions
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3
Q

why study it in nutrition?

A
  • common to diets of many people

- adult excessive drinkers and underage drinks currently account of 1/2 of all alcohol consumption

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4
Q

Ethanol:

A

Formed from CHO fermentation

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5
Q

Ethanol’s unique chemistry makes it a universal key that can interact with ___ machinery of cells throughout the body

A
  • protein
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6
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol) Metabolism depends on:

A
  • sex, ethnicity, size, food, physical condition, alcohol content
  • majority is metabolized by the liver
  • alcohol cannot be stored
  • alcohol has priority in metabolism
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7
Q

Alcohol is excreted through (moderate amount)

A

lungs, urine, and sweat

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8
Q

Muscles don’t metabolize alcohol; the ____ does

A

liver

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9
Q

Absorbed rapidly via simple diffusion depends on _____

A

stomach empyting

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10
Q

What delays stomach emptying? and what does it reduce?

A

fatty foods, reduces spike of blood alcohol 3-fold

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11
Q

always eat ______ alcohol consumption

A

before/during

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12
Q

Alcohol is found wherever ___ is in the body, and easily moves through and damages _____

A

H20, cell membranes

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13
Q

What does one drink look like?

A

12 oz beer/wine cooler

  • 5 oz wine
  • 3oz sherry or liqueur
  • 1.5 oz 80-proof (40% ABV) distilled spirits
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14
Q

Benefits of moderate intake

A
  • appetite improvement
  • stress, anxiety reduction
  • lower rates of CVD, increase HDL
  • lowered risk for other diseases (phytochemical content, e.g. red wine)
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15
Q

Risks of moderate Intake:

A
  • higher risk of breast cancer in W
  • Increased BP
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • throat, stomach & bladder cancer
  • potential risk of adverse drug reactions
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16
Q

Females cannot metabolize as much alcohol in the cells that line the ____

A

stomach

  • only 10% opposed to 30% in M
  • less alcohol dehydrogenase in stomach cells
17
Q

Females have less ____ ___ (lesser lean mass) to dilute the alocohol

A

body water

18
Q

A larger proportion of the alcohol ingested reaches and remains in the _____

A

bloodstream

19
Q

Women develop alcohol-related ailment more ____ than do men

A

rapidly

20
Q

The body metabolized ___ grams of alcohol/hour

A

5-7 amount in one 12 oz beer, 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 oz shot of hard-liq*

21
Q

Blackouts:

A
  • interferes with transfer of knowledge from short to long term memory
  • caused by disruption of activity in the hippocampus region of the brain
  • appears to be related to the rate of alcohol ingestion
22
Q

__% of consumption in US & Canada is by underage drinkers

A

20

23
Q

Avg age of starting to drink is __

A

14

24
Q

_____ drinkers have higher risk of developing alcoholism & related problems

A

adolescent

25
Q

Binge Drinking:

A
  • 4-5 or more drinks on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days
  • practiced by 50% of college-age students
  • acute alcohol intoxication
  • death, accidents, unsafe sex, assaults, etc
  • can cause life-long harm
26
Q

Alcohol abuse on the brain:

A

can speed brain cell loss & cause impaired brain and nerve function

27
Q

alcohol abuse on esophagus:

A

toxic to the cells lining in esophagus, making cancer more likely

28
Q

alcohol abuse on heart:

A
  • high bp & scar tissue formation in heart muscle

- may lead to death from heart failiure

29
Q

stomach and pancreas:

A

inflammation, pain, bleeding, organ failure, and even death

30
Q

liver:

A
  • becomes fatty and enlarged, leading to liver dysfunction

- cirrhosis eventually appears - can lead to liver failure and death

31
Q

Cirrhosis of the Liver:

A
  • fat accumulaton within liver
  • increased synthesis of fat
  • enlarged fat cells (choke off nutrient and O2 supply to liver cells, engorged fat cells burst and die)
  • scar tissue
  • 50% of death within 4 years
  • advanced stages are not reversible
32
Q

Most common psychiatric disorder:

A

alcohol dependence

33
Q

alcohol dependence affects __% of North Americans

A

13

34
Q

Costs of alcohol dependence:

A
  • loss of productivity
  • premature deaths
  • direct treatment expenses
  • legal fees
  • medical expenses
35
Q

Alcohol is ____ & _____

A

addictive and dangerous

36
Q

the genetic influence of alcohol dependence consists of:

A
  • tolerance to alcohol
  • children of alcoholics are 4x more likely to become one
  • warn children in alcoholic families of the dangers by age 10 years
37
Q

Diagnosis of alcohol dependence:

A
  • physiological dependence
  • tolerance to effects
  • alcohol-assocc. illnesses
  • cont’d drinking in defiance of medical and social contraindications
  • depression and blackouts
  • flushed face/red skin
38
Q

CAGE screening:

A

C: have you ever felt you to CUT down?
A: have ppl ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking?
G: Have you felt GULITY?
E: Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning o steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover? EYE-OPENER

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