Alcohol

Question 1

In addition to imparing balance, motor coordination, decision-making, and a litany of other functions, alcohol produces detectable memory impairments beginning after_______

Answer 1

just one or two drinks

Question 2

Alcohol is both of these:

Answer 2

food and drug

• made from CHOs & is an energy source
• modifies various body functions

Question 3

why study it in nutrition?

Answer 3

• common to diets of many people

- adult excessive drinkers and underage drinks currently account of 1/2 of all alcohol consumption

Question 4

Ethanol:

Answer 4

Formed from CHO fermentation

Question 5

Ethanol’s unique chemistry makes it a universal key that can interact with ___ machinery of cells throughout the body

Answer 5

• protein

Question 6

Alcohol (Ethanol) Metabolism depends on:

Answer 6

• sex, ethnicity, size, food, physical condition, alcohol content
• majority is metabolized by the liver
• alcohol cannot be stored
• alcohol has priority in metabolism

Question 7

Alcohol is excreted through (moderate amount)

Answer 7

lungs, urine, and sweat

Question 8

Muscles don’t metabolize alcohol; the ____ does

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

Absorbed rapidly via simple diffusion depends on _____

Answer 9

stomach empyting

Question 10

What delays stomach emptying? and what does it reduce?

Answer 10

fatty foods, reduces spike of blood alcohol 3-fold

Question 11

always eat ______ alcohol consumption

Answer 11

before/during

Question 12

Alcohol is found wherever ___ is in the body, and easily moves through and damages _____

Answer 12

H20, cell membranes

Question 13

What does one drink look like?

Answer 13

12 oz beer/wine cooler

• 5 oz wine
• 3oz sherry or liqueur
• 1.5 oz 80-proof (40% ABV) distilled spirits

Question 14

Benefits of moderate intake

Answer 14

• appetite improvement
• stress, anxiety reduction
• lower rates of CVD, increase HDL
• lowered risk for other diseases (phytochemical content, e.g. red wine)

Question 15

Risks of moderate Intake:

Answer 15

• higher risk of breast cancer in W
• Increased BP
• Hemorrhagic stroke
• throat, stomach & bladder cancer
• potential risk of adverse drug reactions

Question 16

Females cannot metabolize as much alcohol in the cells that line the ____

Answer 16

stomach

• only 10% opposed to 30% in M
• less alcohol dehydrogenase in stomach cells

Question 17

Females have less ____ ___ (lesser lean mass) to dilute the alocohol

Answer 17

body water

Question 18

A larger proportion of the alcohol ingested reaches and remains in the _____

Answer 18

bloodstream

Question 19

Women develop alcohol-related ailment more ____ than do men

Answer 19

rapidly

Question 20

The body metabolized ___ grams of alcohol/hour

Answer 20

5-7 amount in one 12 oz beer, 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 oz shot of hard-liq*

Question 21

Blackouts:

Answer 21

• interferes with transfer of knowledge from short to long term memory
• caused by disruption of activity in the hippocampus region of the brain
• appears to be related to the rate of alcohol ingestion

Question 22

__% of consumption in US & Canada is by underage drinkers

Answer 22

20

Question 23

Avg age of starting to drink is __

Answer 23

14

Question 24

_____ drinkers have higher risk of developing alcoholism & related problems

Answer 24

adolescent

Question 25

Binge Drinking:

Answer 25

- 4-5 or more drinks on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days - practiced by 50% of college-age students - acute alcohol intoxication - death, accidents, unsafe sex, assaults, etc - can cause life-long harm

Question 26

Alcohol abuse on the brain:

Answer 26

can speed brain cell loss & cause impaired brain and nerve function

Question 27

alcohol abuse on esophagus:

Answer 27

toxic to the cells lining in esophagus, making cancer more likely

Question 28

alcohol abuse on heart:

Answer 28

- high bp & scar tissue formation in heart muscle | - may lead to death from heart failiure

Question 29

stomach and pancreas:

Answer 29

inflammation, pain, bleeding, organ failure, and even death

Question 30

liver:

Answer 30

- becomes fatty and enlarged, leading to liver dysfunction | - cirrhosis eventually appears - can lead to liver failure and death

Question 31

Cirrhosis of the Liver:

Answer 31

- fat accumulaton within liver - increased synthesis of fat - enlarged fat cells (choke off nutrient and O2 supply to liver cells, engorged fat cells burst and die) - scar tissue - 50% of death within 4 years - advanced stages are not reversible

Question 32

Most common psychiatric disorder:

Answer 32

alcohol dependence

Question 33

alcohol dependence affects __% of North Americans

Answer 33

13

Question 34

Costs of alcohol dependence:

Answer 34

- loss of productivity - premature deaths - direct treatment expenses - legal fees - medical expenses

Question 35

Alcohol is ____ & _____

Answer 35

addictive and dangerous

Question 36

the genetic influence of alcohol dependence consists of:

Answer 36

- tolerance to alcohol - children of alcoholics are 4x more likely to become one - warn children in alcoholic families of the dangers by age 10 years

Question 37

Diagnosis of alcohol dependence:

Answer 37

- physiological dependence - tolerance to effects - alcohol-assocc. illnesses - cont'd drinking in defiance of medical and social contraindications - depression and blackouts - flushed face/red skin

Question 38

CAGE screening:

Answer 38

C: have you ever felt you to CUT down? A: have ppl ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking? G: Have you felt GULITY? E: Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning o steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover? EYE-OPENER