Weight loss- Intestinal causes Flashcards
List the 5 pathophysiological mechanisms of weight loss
decreased dietary intake
increased rate of utilisation
loss of nutrients (malabsorption/ maldigestion)
Inadequate delivery to tissues
Conditions that cause muscle wasting
what is the most common pathophysiological cause of weight loss in horses
loss of nutrients (malabsorption/ maldigestion)
List the 3 types of Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD) in horses
Granulomatous enteritis
Eosinophilic enterocolitis
Lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis
List 3 small intestinal causes of weight loss in horses
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD)
Proliferative enteropathy
alimentary tract neoplasias
Describe granulomatous enteritis
characterised by lymphoid and macrophage infiltration of the lamina propria
leads to villous atrophy
what causes granulomatous enteritis
unknown
think it may be to do with inflammatory reaction to intestinal bacteria
describe eosinophilic enterocolitis
eosinophilic infiltration of intestinal mucosa
There are 3 types= MEED, DEE, IFEE
Describe MEED
Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotrophic disease
other organs involved
describe DEE
diffuse eosinophilic enterocolitis
affects all small and large intestine
Describe IFEE or IFEC
idiopathic focal eosinophilic enteritis/ colitis
segmental small or large intestinal lesions present
what causes esoinophilic enterocolitis
Unknown
thought to be related to nematode infestation
what breeds is eosinophilic enterocolitis most common in
young thoroughbreds and standardbreds
describe lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis
lymphocyte and plasma cells infiltration lamina propria
what causes lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis
Unknown
think it precedes the development of intestinal lymphoma
what causes proliferative enteropathy
Lawsonia intracellularis - obligate intracellular bacterium
what does proliferative enteropathy tend to affect
jejunum and ileum
what age does proliferative enteropathy tend to affect
weanling foals between 3-8months
List 6 risk factors of proliferative enteropathy
horses in close proximity to swine
overcrowding
feed changes
antibiotic usage
mixing and transportation
weaning
List the 4 large intestinal causes of weight loss in horses
parasite infestation- in heavy infestations
right dorsal colitis
sand enteropathy
EEs - eosinophil enterocolitis
List 3 Large strongyles that affect large intestine of horses
Strongylus vulgaris - most important
Strongylus edentatus
Strongylus equinus
Describe how large strongyles cause disease in horses
4th stage larvae migrate through mucosa/ submucosa
this affects myoelectrical activity
becomes infiltrated with inflammatory cells
–> increased secretion and decreased absorption
what does sudden emergence of small strongyles cause
mucosal injury
ulceration
inflammatory reaction
generally due to unknown stimulus
describe how small strongyles cause diarrhoea
increased secretions secondary to granulomatous inflammation
disruption to interstitium
describe the aetiology of RDC in horses
NSAIDS - particularly Phenylbutazone
especially in horses that receive inappropriately large doses
what are the signs of right dorsal ulcerative colitis
intermittent colic
diarrhoea
weight loss
Describe sand enteropathy
when horse ingests sand with food- builds up in ventral colon can lead to damage to colonic mucosa –> D+ and weight loss
