Diagnostics for weight loss Flashcards
where should you look at on the horse to assess muscle wastage
head muscles
cervical
epaxial
List 5 things you can see on transabdominal ultrasound in horses
SI wall thickness
LI wall thickness
Liver- right and left lobules
Peritoneal fluid
Masses
what SI wall thickness is considered abnormal on ultrasound
> 4mm
What LI wall thickness is considered abnormal in horses
> 6mm
where abouts can you assess LI wall thickness on ultrasound transabdominally
right distal colon - 11-13th ICS
Where can you assess SI wall thickness on transabdominal ultrasound
inguinal area
cranioventral abdomen
What is the best way to assess intestinal function in horse
glucose absorption test
what is the main diagnostic tool for inflammatory bowel disease in horses
Intestinal biopsies
List 2 causes of weight loss that faecal analysis be useful to diagnose
Parasites
sand enteropathy- faecal sedimentation test
List 4 liver values we can look at in horses
SDH
AST
GGT
Bile acids
List 4 things you can assess in peritoneal fluid
colour and turbidity
lactate level
protein level
WBC
what can high lactate in peritoneal fluid indicate
intestinal ischaemia or bacterial population
what can high protein in peritoneal fluid indicate
inflammation or infection
what can high WBC in peritoneal fluid indicate
infection
what are full-thickness biopsies useful for
eosinophilic enteritis, lymphoma and grass sickness
what are duodenal biopsies useful for
a few lymphocytic-plasmacytic and eosinophilic enteritises
what are rectal biopsies good at diagnosing
some granulomatous enteritis and some multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic diseases
what is a limitation of FECs
adults producing eggs must be present
list 2 things we can test for on faecal PCR
lawsonia intracellularis or salmonella
How do we diagnose sand enteropathy
radiography and ultrasound
is SDH liver specific
Yes
But it can increase with GI obstruction or enteritis
what enzymes are found hepatocellularly in horses
SDH and AST
what enzymes are found in the biliary ducts in horses
GGT, ALP
is AST liver specific
no, it is found in muscles, RBCs and kidneys
is GGT liver specific
no, it is found in the reproductive tract, urinary tract, mammary glands and pancreas
is ALP liver specific
80% liver specific and 20% bone
where can you asses the liver on ultrasound
RHS - 6-17th ICS
LHS - 7-9th ICS
to definitively diagnose liver disease, what is needed
biopsies - histopathology, bacterial culture and viral PCR
