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7- EQ- Gastrointestinal Disease > Equine gastrointestinal parasites and their management > Flashcards

Equine gastrointestinal parasites and their management Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical signs of Habroneam spp infection

A

skin sores conjunctivitis

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2
Q

When is Habronema spp. infection most common?

A

June- september
seen in all age of horses

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3
Q

Where do adult Habronema spp. reside in the horse?

A

stomach- mostly no disease

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4
Q

Why is Habronema spp hard to diagnose on FEC

A

eggs are very fragile and rupture- diagnosis on gastroscopy

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5
Q

List 5 ways to prevent Habronema spp

A

Good fly control and muck heap management
Frequent replacement of bedding
Collection/removal of droppings in paddocks
Cover wounds and treat ocular diseases causing ocular discharge
Will be killed in horse with worming for other parasites (Avermectins/Benzimidazoles to lesser extent)

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6
Q

What is Parascaris equorum

A

Ascarid

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7
Q

Which age group of horses are commonly affected by Parascaris equorum?

A

Horses <2 traditionally due to poor immune response

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8
Q

What is the reservoir for Parascaris equorum

A

adult horses – small numbers but shed enough eggs to infect foals/young stock

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9
Q

Is there vertical transmission of Parascaris equorum?

A

No - is from pasture

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10
Q

List the clinical signs of Parascaris equorum infection

A

Coughing
nasal discharge
poor coat
weight gain
dull
anorexia
occasional colicking
bone/tendon disorders

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11
Q

How does Parascaris equorum eggs spread?

A

coughed up then swallowed

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12
Q

Describe what Parascaris equorum eggs look like

A

round lumpy
very distinct

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13
Q

What is the resistance status of Parascaris equorum to avermectins?

A

Quite resistant

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14
Q

What can be used to treat Parascaris equorum infection?

A

Pyrantel

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15
Q

What should be considered when treating Parascaris equorum infection?

A

Be wary of impaction colic

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16
Q

What is Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna?

A

Tapeworm (a cestode)

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17
Q

Which age group of horses are commonly affected by Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna?

A

usually young horses

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18
Q

List the clinical signs of Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna infection?

A

ileal impaction
intussusception
caecal impaction
motility disorders
spasmodic colic
d+

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19
Q

How are Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna eggs transmitted?

A

Ingested by horses after infecting oribatid mites- indirect lifecycle

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20
Q

What is the PPP of Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna disease

A

6- 10 weeks

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21
Q

When is Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna disease most common?

A

October/ november

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22
Q

What diagnostic tests can be used for Anoplocephala perfoliate/magna?

A

Based on anti-body detection
ELISA (in populations)
saliva test

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23
Q

Describe how to treat A. perfoliata

A

2 drugs:
high dose pyrantel
praziquantel

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24
Q

How long should horses be stables after worming for A. perfoliata

A

48 hours- to prevent increased pasture contamination - can’t kill the mites

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25
What is the most clinically important large strongyle
Strongylus vulgaris - because - causes 'verminous arteritis'
26
T/F Strongylus vulgaris forms good immunity
False - get some but never complete to stop re-infection
27
what is the reservoir for Strongylus vulgaris
asymptomatic horses that shed large numbers of eggs
28
describe how to diagnose Strongylus vulgaris
difficult as pre-patent disease may be able to feel thrombi on rectal exam
29
why is faecal analysis not good to diagnose Strongylus vulgaris
can't tell from other strongyle eggs no correlation between number of eggs and worm burden
30
when is Strongylus vulgaris seen
autumn/ winter but infected in spring/summer due to high numbers on pasture
31
List the clinical signs of Strongylus vulgaris
colic diarrhoea anorexia ischaemia Can form thrombi at aorto-iliac junction – can lead to lameness and poor performance Occasionally migrate aberrantly and end up in the brain, kidneys, lungs, liver and can form granulomas
32
Describe how to treat Strongylus vulgaris
All drug groups still OK for us- no resistance yet benzimidazoles and avermectins – larvae and adults Pyrantel – adults only
33
describe how to prevent Strongylus vulgaris
avoid over grazing (eggs often on ground) pick up faeces regularly
34
What is the PPP of Strongylus edentatus
11 months
35
What is different about Strongylus equinus compared to other strongyles
they don't enter blood vessels like the other two strongyles (vulgaris and edentatus)
36
what is the PPP of Strongylus equinus
9 months
37
describe how S. edentatus cause disease
colic due to liver disease or peritonitis
38
Describe how S. equinus causes disease
mild colic. Some association with pancreatic disease and primary diabetes mellitus- RARE
39
what is the most important equine parasitic disease in terms of prevalence and severity of clinical signs seen
Cyathostomins
40
What is a problem with using anthelmintics against Cyathostomins
encysted, hypobiotic larvae largely unaffected by any anthelminitic
41
when do Cyathostominosis larvae tend to emerge
Spring- often many at once
42
how long is the PPP of Cyathostomins
6-14 weeks if no hypobiosis
43
T/F do we see immunity to Cyathostomins
True - but takes a long time and never complete
44
why is daignosing Cyathostomins difficult
PPP disease
45
describe how to diagnose Cyathostomins
history and clinical signs - young animals, poor worming history may see larve in faeces or on glove after rectal Future- ELISA being developed
46
List the clinical signs of acute larval Cyathostominosis
The one seen in spring they are due to the mucosal damage caused by emergence of the late L3 colic weight loss D+- can be acute of chronic wasting or just death
47
what are the clinical signs of autumn syndrome of Cyathostomins
when larvae entering intestinal wall – less common than that seen in the Spring colic D+ due to inflammation
48
What age horse does O. equi affect
affect any age
49
T/F O. equi survives well in the environment
False- parasite of stabled horse eggs don't survive well outdoors
50
Describe the clinical signs of O. equi
anal pruritus and skin excoriation and/or myiasis itchy tails
51
Describe how to diagnose O. equi
Eggs in the perianal region on examination Sellotape test – put on slide and examine under the microscope
52
Describe how to treat O. equi
All anthelmintics should be effective Can use topical or systemic anti-inflammatories to decrease pruritus and keep area clean with disposable material Good stable hygiene – water troughs, mangers etc
53
Is there any resistance for cyathostomes against Ivermectin and moxidectin
emerging
54
what should you treat larval cyathastominosis with
moxidectin
55
What should you threat Colic due to high Parascaris burden with
pyrantel
56
what should you treat Recurrent colic and high ELSIA for Anaplocephala with
praziquantel OR double the standard dose of pyrantel
57
Describe how to prevent larval cyathastominosis through pasture management
appropriate stocking faecal collection dung heaps seperate from grazing area pasture rotation grazing with ruminants
58
which horses should we treat against parasites
Treat if faecal WEC > 250epg (Based on testing every 8-12 weeks throughout the grazing season) with ivermectin or pyrantel Perform FEC reduction test 14 days after treatment
59
what should we do with new horses arriving on a yard - regarding parasites
Treat new arrivals at yard and hold away from turn out for a minimum of 3 days (or ideally until FWEC reduction) is assessed
60
when should we perform tapeworm ELISA in horses
in spring and autumn and treat if high Ab titre with pyrantel/ praziquantel

7- EQ- Gastrointestinal Disease (23 decks)

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