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7- EQ- Gastrointestinal Disease > The choking horse > Flashcards

The choking horse Flashcards

1
Q

define hypersalivation

A

big increase in saliva production

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2
Q

define ptyalism

A

drooling
more saliva coming out the mouth but no increase in production

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3
Q

when presented with a hypersalivation / ptyalism case, what is the first cause we want to rule out

A

Diet

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4
Q

List 2 things in the diet that could cause a horse to exhibit hypersalivation/ ptyalism

A

contaminated legymaes
OR
oral PBTZ with clembuterol

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5
Q

once diet has been ruled out of cause of hypersalivation/ ptyalism, we move on to …………….. causes

A

dental

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6
Q

Describe how to rule out dental causes of hypersalivation/ ptyalism

A

thorough exam of mouth using a speculum and strong light source

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7
Q

after dental causes of hypersalivation/ ptyalism have been ruled out, what do you look into next

A

morphological abnormalities: obstructive

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8
Q

Once obstruction has been ruled out as cause of hypersalivation/ptyalism, what do you look into next

A

morphological abnormalities: PAINFUL

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9
Q

List 5 painful morphological abnormalities might cause a horse to exhibit hypersalivation/ ptyalism

A

teeth: root abscess, fractures, abnormal wear
jaw fractures/trauma
stomatitis/glossitis
temporohyoid osteoarthritis
temporo-mandibular osteopathy

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10
Q

define glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

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11
Q

List 4 possible causes of stomatitis/ glossitis in horses

A

foreign body
ulcerations
vesicular stomatitis (viral)
bacterial (actinobacillus)

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12
Q

define stomatitis

A

inflammation of oral mucosa

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13
Q

once we have ruled out painful morphological abnormalities as a cause of hypersalivation/ptyalism, what will we look into next

A

functional abnormalities: NEUROLOGICAL

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14
Q

List 5 neurological abnormalities might cause hypersalivation/ptyalism

A

Infections
CNS trauma
CNS masses
Toxic
other: e.g. grass sickness

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15
Q

once we have ruled out neurological functional abnormalities, what will we look into next as the cause of hypersalivation/ptyalism

A

functional abnormalities: MUSCULAR

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16
Q

List 6 clinical signs of oesophageal obstruction

A

regurgitation of food, water and saliva
ptyalism
dysphagia
coughing
repeated head extensions or retching
anxiety

17
Q

describe how to diagnose an oesophageal obstruction

A

general physical exam
palpate neck and thoracic inlet
oral exam
thoracic auscultation
NG intubation
clinical pathology: hydration status, CBC, electrolytes, acid base status

18
Q

why is it important to do a thoracic auscultation on a horse with potential oesophageal obstruction

A

if obstruction has been there for a while, horse may have aspiration pneumonia

19
Q

why is it important to do NG intubation on a horse with potential oesophageal obstruction

A

allows you to confirm diagnosis and lets you know how far in the obstruction is

20
Q

List the parameters we look at on clinical pathology to assess the hydration status in the horse

A

PCV
TP
urea/ creatinine

21
Q

why do we want to do a CBC on a horse with suspected oesophageal obstruction

A

detect presence or absence of systemic inflammation

22
Q

typically, an oesophageal obstruction is caused by …

A

food

23
Q

outline how we would use radiography in a case of oesophageal obstruction

A

help determine extent and location of obstruction
using contrast
can also tell us if we have further complications such as a rupture or aspiration pneumonia

24
Q

Describe how would we medically manage an oesophageal obstruction if we were going for spontaneous resolution? (I.e. allow blockage to remove itself)

A

remove all feed and water- ideally horse in stable without bedding
IV fluids
NSAIDs
sedation- to relax the oesophagus
oxytocin- if proximal obstruction

25
Q

how would we medically manage an oesophageal obstruction if we were going for assisted resolution?

A

oesophageal lavage and drainage (using sedation and keeping head below thoracic inlet)
may use GA if impaction is v hard to remove (aids in relaxation)

26
Q

what should we do following removal of oesophageal obstruction

A

assess mucosal damage
small quantities of soft feed 48hrs post relief
provide electrolytes and fresh water
NSAIDs (don’t give oral and don’t give too much cause can -> ulceration)
broad spec antibiotics if obstruction has been there a while

27
Q

Describe surgical management of horse with choke

A

longitudinal oesophagotomy

28
Q

what are the most common complications of an oesophageal obstruction

A

aspiration pneumonia
ulcers

29
Q

List 6 possible complications of oesophageal obstruction

A

aspiration pneumonia
ulcers
stricture
megaoesophagus
diverticula
rupture

7- EQ- Gastrointestinal Disease (23 decks)

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