weight and activity

Question 1

sensitivity

Answer 1

TP/(TP+FN) ability of test to identify correctly those who have the characteristic

Question 2

specificity

Answer 2

TN/(TN+FP) ability of test to identify correctly those who don’t have the characteristic, lowers with a lot of false positives

Question 3

body weight and performance

Answer 3

inverse relationship between
-body fat/weight and performance in some sports
-sport specific
—-vertical or horizontal movement
—-position played

Question 4

assessing body composition

Answer 4

1. is body comp assessment needed?
2. how will I explain what the measures mean?
3. How will I describe inherent error?
4. how will I use the data with the athlete
5. How will I manage the athlete’s expectations for change?

Question 5

estimating body composition methods

Answer 5

-hydrodensitometry (underwater weighing)
-skinfolds: allow to track change overtime
-BIA: electrical impedance
-DEXA: low intensity focused x-rays
-BODPOD: air displacement

Question 6

establishing appropriate body composition goals

Answer 6

-essential fat
—3% men, 12% women
-minimal levels for health (includes additional level of storage fat)
—5-10% for men, 15-18% women
-average levels
—-15-18% for men, 22-25% for women
-also consider fat patterning: visceral vs. subcutaneous fat

Question 7

body composition change

Answer 7

1. establish target body weight
   -utilize current fat free mass and desired body fat percentage
2. determine energy requirements
   -cunningham, harris-benedict, mifflin-st.jeor
3. determine macronutrient needs
4. counsel the athlete
   -food monitoring, food frequency, sample menus, meal patterns
5. follow up with monitoring

Target BW= current FFM/1-desired %BF

Question 8

weight reduction

Answer 8

energy restriction may impair performance
-reduction in energy stores
-impairment of immune function
-alterations in mood
-structural alterations in muscle
weight reduction best accomplished in off season or early preseason for these reasons

Question 9

weight reduction steps

Answer 9

1. assess current weight and body composition
2. evaluate current diet and activity habits
3. estimate energy needs
4. devise an individual approach for creating negative calorie balance
5. follow athlete’s progress

Question 10

weight gain

Answer 10

-best accomplished in off season
-generally focus is increasing fat free mass
-increase in total body mass may also be needed

Question 11

weight gain steps

Answer 11

1. assess current weight and body comp
2. evaluate current diet and activity habits
3. estimate additional energy needed for positive energy and nitrogen balance
   -400-500 kcal.day
4. follow up

target body weight= current FFM + desired FFM increase/1-desired %BF

Question 12

long term effect of athlete weight cycling

Answer 12

-study comparing olympic and international male weight cycling athletes to other athletes population controls
-weight cycling sports included boxers, weight lifters, wrestlers
-weight cyclers had greatest BMI change from age 20-60
-weight cyclers were 2-3 times more likely to be obese than population or other athletes