Week4

Question 1

antidepressants

Answer 1

• Tricyclics block the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin.
• SSRIs specifically block the reuptake of serotonin.(Prozac))
• SNRIs block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• MAOIs block the enzyme MAO, which converts dopamine, norepinephrine, or serotonin into inactive chemicals.

Question 2

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 2

Increases
* BDNF levels
* proliferation of new neurons in the hippocampus

Question 3

side effects of schizophrenia drugs(antipsychotics)

Answer 3

Blocking the path to the basal ganglia produces tardive dyskinesia

Question 4

Depression

Answer 4

One or more symptoms
* Feeling sad and helpless (depressed mood)
* Diminished interest or pleasure

Question 5

antidepressants work better

Answer 5

Dysthymia

Question 6

*S-Ketamine: glutamate

Answer 6

+ BDNF

Question 7

Bipolar 1
Bipolar 2

Answer 7

Bipolar 1–full blown mania
Bipolar 2 –hypomania
(agitation/anxiety)

Question 8

Causes of schizophrenia

Answer 8

• Less than average gray matter and white matter
• Larger than normal ventricles
• Smaller hippocampus
• Abnormalities in the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  (area that matures slowly)

Question 9

Antipsychotic drugs

Answer 9

relieve the positive symptoms
-Phenothiazines: includes chlorpromazine
-Butyrophenones: includes halperidol (Haldol)

Question 10

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 10

Evidence:
*Effect antipsychotics
*Substance-induced psychotic disorder
*Schizophrenics seem to have twice as many D2receptors
occupied as normal

Question 11

Second-generation antipsychotics
(atypical antipsychotics)
clozapine, amisulpride, risperidone, olanzapine,
aripiprazole

Answer 11

• less effect on dopamine receptors
• strongly antagonize serotonin 5-HT2 receptors
• increase the release of glutamate.
• less side effects
  *more effectice on the negative symptoms

Question 12

Glutamate hypothesis

Answer 12

lower release of glutamate and fewer receptors in pfc