Week Twelve Flashcards
mood
diffuse, longlasting emotional states.
emotion
immediate responses to specific object or situation.
the neural basis of love
- Bartels & Zeki have performed a number of fMRI studies looking at “the neural basis of love”. -
- Romantic and maternal love activate a set of overlapping brain structures including cingulate cortex, insula, hippocampus and basal ganglia.
There are deactivations of areas including TPJ (thought to be involved in “mind reading”).
- Romantic and maternal love activate a set of overlapping brain structures including cingulate cortex, insula, hippocampus and basal ganglia.
neurotransmitters
- At synapses, neurons often secrete chemical signals called neurotransmitters that diffuse a short distance to bind to receptors on the target cell.
- Neurotransmitters play a role in sensation, memory, cognition, and movement
neurohormones
Neurohormones are a class of hormones that originate from neurons in the brain and diffuse through the bloodstream
The endocrine and nervous systems act individually and together in regulating physiology
- Signals from the nervous system initiate and regulate endocrine signals
the hypothalamus and emotion
- The hypothalamus receives information from the nervous system and initiates responses through the endocrine system
pituitary gland and emotion
- Attached to the hypothalamus is the pituitary gland composed of the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary and emotion
- The posterior pituitary stores and secretes hormones that are made in the hypothalamus
anterior pituitary and emotion
- The anterior pituitary makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus.
oxytocin
milk production, male ejaculation, etc.
insel & Young
Performed experiments on two breeds of voles
- Prairie vole (monogamous, pair bond after mating).
- Montane vole (promiscuous).
A. Prairie voles: greater expression of OT receptors in nucleus acumbens and prelimbic cortex
B. Differential behaviour patterns of female voles following mating
C. Blocking of partner preference in female prairie voles by OT antagonist infusions
Bertels & Zeki
Activation during both romantic and maternal love includes a set of structures that are rich in oxytocin receptor sites. Caudate, globus pallidus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, putamen, substantia nigra etc etc
Many of these sites are also implicated in cocaine induced euphoria (eg. Mandeville et al, 2011).
dimensions of emotion
- Arousal ○ High arousal = excited, tense. ○ Low= calm, lethargic - Valence ○ Positive= elated, contented ○ Negative= sad, gloomy. -
theories of emotion
- James-lange
- Cannon-bard
two-factor
- Cannon-bard