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PYB102 > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral Nervous System Divisions

A
  1. Somatic Nervous System
    - afferent nerves
    - efferent nerves
  2. Austonomic Nervous System
    - sympathetic nerves
    - parasympathetic nerves
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2
Q

Sulcus

A

Fold or crease in the cortex.

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3
Q

Gyrus

A

Mounds in the cortex.

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the top of the skull

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5
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the bottom of the brain

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6
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the front

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7
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the back

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Towards the outside surface of the brain

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9
Q

Medial

A

Towards the centre of the brain

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10
Q

Divisions of the forebrain

A

telencephalon and the diencephalon.

- Telencephalon contains the cerebral cortex, limbic system and basal ganglia. 
- Diencephalon contains the thalamus and hypothalamus.
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11
Q

Midbrain

A

Contains the 2 pairs of colliculi- superior and inferior colliculi.

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12
Q

Hindbrain

A

Hindbrain contains the medulla, pons, cerebellum and reticular formation.

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13
Q

Neural Tube

A

Neural tube grows to form the CNS.

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14
Q

Neural Crest

A

Develops into the PNS.

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15
Q

Medulla

A

Contains circuits of neurons that contain functions that are vital to survival (heart rate, respiration etc.).

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16
Q

Pons

A

Includes a bridge of fibres that connect the brainstem with the cerebellum, also contains several clusters of nuclei (one is the reticular formation which affects alertness).

17
Q

Cerebellum

A

A relatively large structure located behind the brain stem, critical to co-ordination.

18
Q

Superior Colliculi

A

Relays visual information and is important for eye movements and visual attention.

19
Q

Inferior Colliculi

A

Relays auditory information and is important for auditory attention.

20
Q

Colliculi Appearance

A

These colliculi appear as small bumps on the back of the brain stem.

21
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for all sensory information and filters and organises this sensory input.

22
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Located below the thalamus.
  • Regulates basic biological drives also controls the autonomic nervous system and involved in body temperature.
  • Also contains the pituitary gland which is attached to the base of the hypothalamus.
  • Pituitary gland releases hormones into the body and controls other glands.
23
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Group of structures crucial for planning and producing movement.

24
Q

Limbic System

A
  • A loosely connected network of structures, plays an important role in learning and memory and in expression of emotion.
  • Hippocampus is involved in memory, particularly new memories and learning.
  • Amygdala is located in front of the hippocampus and processes emotional information, particularly learning fear responses.
25
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A
  • Outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres.

- Bulge in the cortex is called a gyrus and a grove called a sulcus.

26
Q

Occipital Lobe

A
  • Located in the back of the brain.

- Primary visual cortex.

27
Q

Parietal Lobe

A
  • Located behind the central sulcus.

- Concerned with perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain.

28
Q

Temporal Lobe

A
  • Below the lateral fissure.

- Concerned with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory.

29
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • Located in front of the central sulcus.

- Concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement, emotions and problem solving.

30
Q

Cerebral Ventricles

A
  • Inside the brain is a series of chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid, these form the ventricular system.
  • CSF is a shock absorber and exchanges materials including nutrients between blood vessels and brain tissue.
31
Q

Meninges

A
  • The protective sheaths around the brain and spinal cord.

- Consists of three layers; dura mater, arachnoid membrane, pia mater.

32
Q

Vascular System

A
  • The brain consumes more than 20% of the body’s energy.
  • The blood brain barrier is a protective mechanism that may have evolved to help protect the brain from infections and toxins, also makes the delivery of drugs to the brain more difficult.
33
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Gap between the pia mater and arachnoid called the subarachnoid space (filled with CSF).

PYB102 (16 decks)

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