Practice Exam

Question 1

auditory representations of language are localised in…

Answer 1

the left temporal cortex in wernicke’s area.

Question 2

motor representations of words are locatised in…

Answer 2

the left frontal cortex in Broca’s area.

Question 3

language acquisition device is associated with what theory?

Answer 3

nativist theory

developed by Chomsky.

Question 4

learning theory of language

Answer 4

relates to the behaviourist theory that relates to reinforcement.

Question 5

damage to Broca’s area symptoms

Answer 5

slow, effortful speech that is grammatically correct.

Question 6

damage to the parietal lobes symptoms

Answer 6

issues with body movement and touch

Question 7

damage to wernick’s area symptoms

Answer 7

speech lacks content, difficulties understanding speech..

Question 8

conduction aphasia

Answer 8

production of speech and comprehension is okay however, there is poor repetition.

Question 9

hypercomplex cells

Answer 9

requires stimulus to be a particular size or length.

Question 10

what causes blindsight?

Answer 10

lesions to the primary visual cortex that receives information from the lateral geniculate nucleus. Here, the patient claims that they cannot see but they can still pick up various shapes etc.

Question 11

retina

Answer 11

photosensitive film that translates light

Question 12

cornea

Answer 12

light enters through the durable, transparent sheath of the cornea.

Question 13

aqueous humour

Answer 13

liquid within the eyeball.

Question 14

iris

Answer 14

pigmented tissue that gives the eye its colour.

Question 15

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 15

responsive to light, is the site for circadian clock cells.

Question 16

structures involved in maintaing consciousness

Answer 16

reticular formation, pons and medulla

Question 17

cognitive perspective of dreaming

Answer 17

the content of dreams reflects concerns and metaphors that people express in their waking hours.

Question 18

psychodynamic perspective of dreaming

Answer 18

dreams have both latent content and manifest content

Question 19

biological perspective of dreaming

Answer 19

1. dreams consist of random neural signals from the midbrain being interpreted by the cortex.
2. dreams consolidate memories.

Question 20

blood pressure and pulse in REM sleep

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

REM sleep and brain activation

Answer 21

primary visual cortex is not activated but visual association areas in the occipital and temporal lobes are.

Question 22

james lange theory

Answer 22

bodily response preceeds emotion

Question 23

cannon bard theory

Answer 23

emotion inducing stimulus simultaneously elicits both emotional and bodily responses.

Question 24

common sense theory

Answer 24

feeling comes before the bodily experience.

Question 25

our imaginal representations of the world around us are referred to as

Answer 25

cognitive maps.

Question 26

types of cognitive maps

Answer 26

route maps and survey maps

Question 27

two-factor theory

Answer 27

bodily response occurs which we interpret (i.e. I am afraid because my heart is beating fast), which leads to the experience of emotion,

Question 28

frontal lobe damage

Answer 28

Located in the pre-frontal cortex.
Deficits may include:
- Disinhibition (wouldn’t be able to control himself).
- Emotional lability (reactive aggression)
- Change in personality
- Lack of empathy (would be bad at tracking the emotions and intentions of others)
- Diminished social insight
- Socially inappropriate behaviour, especially conversational skills
- Difficulties with changing reinforcements
- Lack of sensitivity to future outcomes, both positive and negative.
- Stimulus driven behaviour

Question 29

deficits in the medio-temporal lobe

Answer 29

(includes hippocampus):

- Difficulties understanding location in space 
- Difficulties judging and navigating distances 
- Difficulties in using environmental context to navigate 
- Difficulties with long term declarative memory.

Question 30

agnosia

Answer 30

a rare disorder characterised by an inability to recognise and identify objects or persons.
Difficulty recognising the geometric features of an object or face.
Can be limited to one sensory modality such as vision or hearing.
Typically results from damage to the occipital or parietal lobes.

Question 31

anterograde amnesia

Answer 31

impaired ability to learn new information following an onset of amnesia.

Question 32

retrograde amnesia

Answer 32

impaired ability to recall past events and previously familiar information.
Intact procedural memory.

Question 33

amnesia

Answer 33

Caused by damage to the hippocampus.

Amnesia is not the same as dementia, dementia can often have amnesia problems but also a variety of cognitive issues.